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Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian
Published by Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon
ISSN : 25412027     EISSN : 25482114     DOI : 10.37874/ms
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
The Medical Sains journal is a scientific publication media published by the Muhammadiyah Cirebon College of Pharmacy which is published 4 (four) times in 1 (one) year, namely January-March, April-June, July-September and October-December. The journal contains research in the field of pharmacy covering the fields of formulation, pharmacology, communication pharmacy, A natural chemical chemistry, pharmacognomy and other health sciences which is a means for lecturers and researchers in the health sector to share knowledge and establish cooperation in implementing the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. Purpose and Scope The objective of the publication of the Medical Science journal is to publish articles in the field of pharmacy and other health as well as application of pharmaceutical . Based on this, the editorial board of Medical Sains invites lecturers and researchers to contribute to submit research articles related to the following themes: 1. Pharmaceutical formulation technology 2. Pharmacology 3. Community pharmacy 4. Clinical Pharmacy 5. Natural material chemistry 6. Pharmacognosy 7. Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 310 Documents
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REVIEW: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL AND WOUND HEALING EFFECTS OF BASIL LEAVES IN SEVERAL TYPES OF PHARMACEUTICAL BASES Rodhia Ulfa; Wildan Khairi Muhtadi; Nesa Agistia; Haiyul Fadhli
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 8 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v8i3.855

Abstract

Topical preparations are dosage forms applied to the skin for local therapy. These topical preparations contain several types of bases that are used for drug formulations. This review aimed to determine the type of base that is effective and widely used in basil leaf preparations that function as antioxidants, antibacterial agents, and in wound healing. The research method is comparative, namely, reviewing research articles on formulations of basil leaf products with various concentrations of base types, hydrogels, emulgels, lotions, hydrocarbons, water solubility, absorption, water washing, M/A-type creams, and pastes. The recommended formulation is a gel base type that has physical characteristics, non-irritating properties, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, and wound healing. This review contained articles published in the last 10 years.  Keywords: basil leaves, base type, physical characteristics, basil leaves, pharmacological activity
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DRUG SUBSTANCES IN RHEUMATIC JAMU SAMPLES USING THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY Resma Dwi Putri Fitrianasari; Perdana Priya Haresmita; Herma Fanani Agusta
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 8 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v8i3.862

Abstract

Since ancient times, jamu have been used to treat various diseases. Recently, the number of jamu has increasing and this has led several manufacturers to commit fraud. They added drug substances (DS) into jamu for gaining the effect of jamu so that can raise the sales of jamu in market . The addition of DS into herbal medicine is a violation of the regulation issued by The Ministry of Health. Such practices can cause side effects that are very dangerous for health. The purpose of this research is to analyze the presence of DS in jamu samples that are frequently consumed and circulated in Kranggan, Temanggung and Magelang city. Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) was employed to detect the presence of prednisone, paracetamol, and mefenamic acid. The working principle of the separation of compounds with TLC is to separate samples based on the partition difference between samples and the solvent used. In this case, the stationary phase used is the silica gel plate GF254 with the mobile phase for prednisone using ethyl acetate:chloroform (4:1), mefenamic acid using chloroform:methanol (9:1),and paracetamol using chloroform:ethanol (8:1). As a result of qualitative analysis, jamu samples in those areas do not contain any drug substances that were suspected to be present. Keywords: jamu, prednisone, paracetamol, mefenamic acid
REVIEW: APPLICATION OF THE ATC/DDD METHOD FOR ANTIBIOTIC EVALUATION IN INDONESIA Yusna Fadliyyah Apriyanti; Saepudin
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 8 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v8i3.888

Abstract

The global consumption of antibiotics has increased rapidly by 65% in units of daily doses over the last 15 years. Researchers predict that there will be a 200% increase in global antibiotic consumption by 2030, if there is no change in policy implementation. This article aims to provide knowledge regarding the use of the anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily doses (ATC/DDD) method to evaluate antibiotics in Indonesia, which is expected to provide additional knowledge for the quantitative evaluation of antibiotics. The literature data sources used were PubMed and Google Scholar online databases, using the Mendeley® tool for manager reference. There were 71 articles that met the criteria and were discussed systematically. Most of the ATC/DDD methods were used to evaluate antibiotics in 90.1% of inpatients and 9.9% of outpatients. In the application of this method, 94.4% of the data collection was carried out retrospectively, with most study designs using a cross-sectional 76%. The selected research period varied from 1 month to 5 years, with 59.1% of the study locations being carried out at the tertiary service level. The ATC/DDD method can also be used in a quasi-experimental design that examines comparisons before and after the intervention. The use of this method as an evaluation of the use of antibiotics in the specified study population resulted in the highest DDD/100 days of ceftriaxone hospitalization in 27 articles. Amoxicillin had the highest DDD/1000 patient-days in of 6/7 articles in the outpatient population...
THE EFFECT OF MACERATION METHOD AND SOXHLETATION METHOD ON TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF KIRINYUH (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob) LEAF Renatha Audya Larasati; Nastiti Utami; Novena Yety Lindawati
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 8 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v8i3.889

Abstract

This study evaluated kirinyuh leaf extract as a natural antioxidant using Soxhlet extraction and maceration extraction methods. Dried leaves of kirinyuh were extracted with 96% ethanol. The total phenolic content was measured spectrophotometrically according to the Folin Ciocalteu method, calculated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE), while the antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS. The results of the phytochemical test of kirinyuh leaf extract using maceration (EKM) and Soxhletation (EKS) methods revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and tannins. The total phenolic content of EKM was 39.85 ± 0.20 mgGAE/gram and EKS was 46.95 ± 0.15 mgGAE/gram extract. Antioxidant activity in the form of IC50 EKM was 46.10 ± 0.09 mg/L and EKS was 45.27 ± 0.07 mg/L, both of them have a very strong category. There were significant differences in the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of the Kirinyuh leaf using maceration and soxhletation methods based on the results of the T-test. Keywords: Kirinyuh, Eupatorium odoratum, ABTS, phenolics, antioxidant.
NANOEMULSION-BASED MOUTHWASH OF ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF SERAI WANGI STALK: FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST Desy Ayu Irma Permatasari; Weri Veranita; Novalisa Nindhi Soraya; Eva Kholifah
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 8 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v8i3.908

Abstract

Serai wangi or citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.) has long been used in Indonesia as a component of traditional medicine. A recent study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of the most active fraction of Citronella stalk extract and to formulate it  into a nanoemulsion mouthwash. Fractionation of the ethanolic extract was carried out using liquid-liquid extraction, and it was found that the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) was the most active. This fraction was then varied at concentrations of 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.5625%, and 0.78125% for the antibacterial activity test using the disc diffusion test method. To determine the potency of microbial activity, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated. Subsequently, the ethyl acetate fraction was formulated into a nanoemulsion and characterized by measuring the transmittance percentage, droplet size, and polydispersity index (pdI) using a particle size analyzer. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 25% obtained an inhibition zone diameter of 10.67 mm. MIC and MBC values ??were obtained at a fraction concentration of 6.25%. In addition, characterization of formulae exhibited particle size and pdI as follow 101.6 nm and 0.681 (Formula I); 84.1 nm and 0.609 (Formula II); 108.3 nm and 0.527 (Formula III).  Keywords:  Citronella stalk; fractionation; Streptococcus mutans; nano-emulsion; mouth wash
SYSTEMATIC LITERATUR REVIEW: SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES (AgNPs) USING SECONDARY METABOLITES OF FRUIT PEEL EXTRACT Indana Lazulfa; Erindyah Retno Wikantyasning
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 8 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v8i3.913

Abstract

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using secondary metabolites of biological materials is a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method compared to physical synthesis methods. The secondary metabolites of the fruit peel extract can be used to synthesize AgNPs. Researchers chose experimental research articles with the theme of silver nanoparticle synthesis using fruit peels for review and selected journals published from 2018 to 2022 from web searches PubMed, Google Schoolar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The researchers screened and selected 28 articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The synthesis of AgNPs using fruit peel extracts can produce stable nanosized AgNPs. Silver nanoparticles synthesized using fruit peels showed stable silver nanoparticle synthesis results in terms of zeta potential and polydispersity index (PDI) values and obtained an average size of 2–200 nm with a spherical shape. Keywords: Silver Nanoparticles, Fruit Peel Extract, Antibacterial agent
UJI AKTIVITAS INHIBISI ENZIM a-Glukosidase TERHADAP EKSTRAK ASETON, ETANOL, DAN METHANOL DAUN MANGROVE (Rhizopora Mucronata) SEBAGAI ANTIDIABETES: INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF a-Glucosidase ENZYME OF EXTRACTS ACETONE, ETHANOL, AND METANOL MANGROVE (Rhizopora mucronata) LEAF AS ANTIDIABETIC Like Efriani; Ismanurrahman Hadi; Ade Irawan; Mariam Ulfah; Teguh Adiyas Putra
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 8 No 4 (2023): Forthcoming Issue
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v8i4.651

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus tipe II merupakan kelainan metabolik yang disebabkan karena ketidakmampuan pankreas untuk memproduksi insulin sehingga menyebabkan hiperglikemia. Akarbose menjadi salah satu obat dalam pengobatan dari diabetes mellitus dengan cara menghambat inhibisi enzim a-glukosidase. Tanaman mangrove (Rhizopora mucronata) diketahui mempunyai senyawa fitokimia dengan berbagai aktivitas farmakologis. Tujuan dari peneltian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi aktivitas penghambatan enzim a-glukosidase dari ekstrak metanol, etanol, dan aseton daun mangrove. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memaserasi simplisia daun mangrove pada pelarut metanol, etanol, dan aseton. Maserat yang didapatkan, diujikan secara kualitatif untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan terpenoid, lalu dilanjutkan dengan mengujikan inhibisi aktivitas dari enzim a-glukosidase dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; dan 3 mg/mL menggunakan Microplate Elisa Reader dan dilanjutkan pengukuran absorbansi dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan panjang gelombang 405 nm. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan maserat dari ketiga jenis pelarut tersebut terbukti memiliki kandungan senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan terpenoid. Uji aktivitas inhibisi menunjukkan aktivitas inhibisi dari ekstrak metanol (3,5 mg/mL), etanol (2,6 mg/mL), dan aseton (2,1 mg/mL). Ekstrak aseton memiliki aktivitas inhibisi paling baik karena semakin kecil nilai IC50 maka semakin baik aktivitas inhibisi pada enzim a-glukosidase. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak aseton mangrove memiliki aktivitas inhibisi paling baik dibandingkan kedua ekstrak lainnya.
OPTIMIZATION OF AFRICAN LEAF EXTRACT CREAM FORMULA (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL Staphylococcus aureus Iklila Zahra; Ana Indrayati; Ilham Kuncahyo
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 8 No 4 (2023): Forthcoming Issue
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v8i4.884

Abstract

The use of natural ingredients as active medicinal substances has been developed again, one of which is African leaf extract (Vernonia amygdalina Del.), which is used as an antimicrobial bacterium against Staphylococcus aureus, which causes skin disease. The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial activity of African leaf extracts and fractions, as well as to optimize the cream preparation formula using a factorial design with a combination of stearic acid, triethanolamine (TEA), and Adeps lanae with the critical parameters of pH, viscosity, spreadability, Franz diffusion, and KBM value. This study used experimental methods to determine the highest antibacterial activity by disc diffusion from extracts and active fractions of African leaves using solvents of different polarities. The extract or fraction with the highest antibacterial activity was formulated using a combination cream of stearic acid, triethanolamine, and adeps lanae. After obtaining the cream formula, physical testing of the cream, penetration test, and antibacterial test using macrodilution were performed, and the most optimal formula was determined using a factorial design. The extract standardization test results met both specific and non-specific parameters. In the disc diffusion antibacterial test, the highest activity was found in the African leaf extract (13.23 ± 0.757 mm) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Variations in cream composition affect pH, viscosity, spreadability, and Franz diffusion...
COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF ANTICOAGULANT USAGE IN COVID-19 PATIENTS AT 45 KUNINGAN HOSPITAL Juju Jumiati; Yusi Anggriani; Yati Sumiati; Umar Santosa
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 8 No 4 (2023): Forthcoming Issue
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v8i4.892

Abstract

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is a pharmacoeconomic method that compares prices from all sources consumed (cost) with the outcome value of a program or intervention to obtain objective answers to the selection of drugs that are effective in terms of benefits and costs. COVID-19, or Coronavirus Disease 2019, is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) and causes acute respiratory distress, including fever, coughing, and shortness of breath. Fondaparinux, aside from heparin and enoxaparin, can be given as an anticoagulant therapeutic option in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, according to the third edition of the COVID-19 care recommendations. This study aimed to find the most cost-effective therapy among heparin, enoxaparin, and fondaparinux in COVID-19 patients at the RSUD’45 Kuningan. It also applied descriptive non-experimental research methods with retrospectively collected data. The intervention that had been studied was the administration of anticoagulant medication, where the effectiveness of the drug was observed in the reduction of D-dimer levels to normal levels. Meanwhile, the costs were observed from the perspective of a healthcare provider, specifically the RSUD’45 Kuningan. The study sample included 107 patients, with 13 receiving heparin, 41 receiving enoxaparin, and 53 receiving fondaparinux. Bivariate analysis using the chi-square test revealed no significant difference between the drug groups in the proportion of patients who improved and did not improve (sig. value = 0.610)...
QUALITY ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF SWEET ORANGE (Citrus sinensis) PEEL ESSENTIAL OIL USING FTIR Citra Dhea Cantika; Laela Hayu Nurani; Nina Salamah
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 8 No 4 (2023): Forthcoming Issue
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v8i4.898

Abstract

Organic waste in the form of citrus fruit peels has not been handled seriously, causing environmental pollution, such as the emergence of unpleasant odors.  Therefore, waste management becomes a more valuable product or item.  Citrus peel oil counterfeiting often occurs because there is no Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for citrus peel oil as a quality standard, making it difficult to identify the falsity of finished citrus peel oil products in the market. Research was conducted to test the quality of sweet orange peel oil so that it could be used as a standard to identify the content of sweet orange peel oil using the FTIR method. Oil quality testing included an organoleptic test, specific gravity, refractive index, and acid number. The oil quality test results showed clear yellow oil with a distinctive sweet orange peel aroma, specific gravity of 0.845, refractive index of 9.263, and acid number of 1.1. FTIR analysis revealed spectra that appeared in the region of 1490 with strong intensity (C-H aromatic), 1645 with medium intensity (C=C), and 2860 with medium intensity (C-H aliphatic). FTIR spectra of sweet orange peel oil showed similarity with limonene with a hit quality value of 958, the content of sweet orange peel oil is dominated by limonene compounds. Keywords: sweet orange peel, Essential oil, FTIR, Limonene, Oil quality

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