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Jurnal Pharmacopoeia
Published by Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Bengkulu
ISSN : 28094573     EISSN : 28094573     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33088/jp.v1i2
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Jurnal Pharmacopoeia (JPharmaco) O-ISSN: 2809-4573 is an official journal published by Pharmacy Program, Health Analyst Department, Health Polytechnic of Bengkulu which the articles can be accessed and downloaded online by the public (open access journal). This journal is a national peer-reviewed journal published twice a year on topics of excellence of research results in the fields of service and practice of pharmacy, community medicine, pharmaceutical technology, and health science disciplines that are closely related. This journal accepts English texts. The following are the research areas that this journal focuses on Clinical Pharmacy, Community Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry. JPharmaco receives manuscripts from the results of research (research article), systematic reviews and meta-analysis that are closely related to the health sector, particularly the pharmaceutical field. Selected manuscripts for publication in JPharmaco will be sent to two reviewers experts in their field, who are not affiliated with the same institution as the author(s) and are chosen based on the consideration of the editorial team. The review process is conducted in a closed manner where the author(s) and reviewers do not know the identity and affiliation of each. Each manuscript delegated to editorial members is examined for the final decision of the review process. The author(s) are required to respond to the review given and send revised manuscripts within the allotted time after the comments and suggestions from the reviewers have been sent. Manuscripts accepted for publication are edited copies checked for grammar, punctuation, print style, and format. The entire process of submitting the manuscripts to the final decision for publishing is done online.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 92 Documents
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Analisis Kepatuhan Apotek Dalam Penyerahan Antibiotik Berdasarkan Resep Dokter Sebelum Dan Sesudah Implementasi Surat Edaran Kepala Daerah: Studi Monitoring Bpom Di Bengkulu Novri Fitriani; Avrilya Iqoranny Susilo
Jurnal Pharmacopoeia Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33088/jp.v5i1.1289

Abstract

Resistensi antimikroba (AMR) merupakan ancaman kesehatan yang semakin meningkat dan berpotensi meningkatkan morbiditas, mortalitas, serta beban ekonomi kesehatan. Salah satu faktor utama yang mendorong perkembangan AMR adalah penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional, termasuk praktik penyerahan antibiotik tanpa resep dokter di sarana pelayanan kefarmasian. Untuk memperkuat pengendalian penggunaan antibiotik, pemerintah daerah menerbitkan Surat Edaran (SE) Kepala Daerah yang menegaskan bahwa antibiotik hanya boleh diserahkan dengan resep dokter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hasil monitoring BPOM terhadap kepatuhan penyerahan antibiotik pada sarana apotek di Provinsi Bengkulu sebelum dan sesudah penerbitan SE Kepala Daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi-eksperimental dengan pendekatan before after studi berdasarkan data monitoring BPOM pada 42 apotek yang sama pada tahun 2024 dan 2025 di Provinsi Bengkulu. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif dan komparatif menggunakan uji McNemar untuk data berpasangan dengan tingkat signifikansi p < 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebelum diberlakukan SE hanya 3 apotek (7,1%) patuh menyerahkan antibiotik dengan resep dokter, 39 apotek (92,9%) masih menyalurkan antibiotik tanpa resep. Setelah penerbitan SE meningkat menjadi 16 apotek (38,1%) yang patuh, 26 apotek (61,9%) masih tidak patuh. Uji McNemar menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedua periode. Penerbitan SE Kepala Daerah berkaitan dengan peningkatan kepatuhan apotek dalam penyerahan antibiotik berdasarkan resep dokter.
Cost Minimization Analysis Penggunaan Antihipertensi Candesartan Dibandingkan Amlodipin Pada Pasien JKN Rawat Jalan Di Rumah Sakit Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang Bella Citra Islami; Ranita Rahmaniar
Jurnal Pharmacopoeia Vol 4 No 2 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33088/jp.v4i2.1008

Abstract

Hypertension was a global health problem that required long-term therapy and caused economic burden. The cost efficiency of therapy needs to be analyzed using the Cost Minimization Analysis (CMA) approach, especially when treatment outcomes were assumed to be equivalent. This study aimed to analyze direct medical costs and the factors influencing cost differences in single antihypertensive therapy between candesartan and amlodipine among outpatient hypertensive patients covered by the National Health Insurance (JKN) at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital Semarang. A descriptive quantitative method with a retrospective approach was used. Samples were selected using purposive sampling from medical records of outpatient with hypertension from January 1 to December 31, 2024. The data included components of direct medical costs: doctor, administrative, laboratory, antihypertensive drug costs, and concomitant drugs costs. CMA and statistical tests were used to examine the effect of age, gender, and number of comorbidities on total direct medical costs. Of the 168 patients, 87 patients (51%) were in the candesartan groups and 81 patients (49%) were in the amlodipine group. The majority of patients were female, with 93 patients (55%) compared to 75 male patients (45%), and aged 45-64 years in both groups. Most had 1-2 types of comorbidities. The result showed that the average total direct medical cost in the candesartan group was lower (IDR213.427,00) than in amlodipine group (IDR231.305,00). Age, gender, and number of comorbidities had no significant effect on the total cost. Considering the assumed equal effectiveness and cost efficiency, candesartan was the more economical choice compared to amlodipine.
Analisis Perbedaan Tarif Rumah Sakit dan Tarif INA-CBG’s Pelayanan Rawat Inap Salah Satu Rumah Sakit Pemerintah Tipe C Tahun 2021 Melviani; Rivai Endra Dwi Yulianto; Riswati Ruslan
Jurnal Pharmacopoeia Vol 4 No 2 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33088/jp.v4i2.1086

Abstract

Indonesian Case Base Groups (INA-CBG) become a reference for the Social Security Administering Body (BPJS) in payment of claims at advanced health facilities. From the article search, 20 articles were found that compare the real rates with the INA CBGs rates. Five articles yield higher INA CBG rates than hospital rates and another 15 articles provide higher real rates than INA CBG rates. RS. X is one of the hospitals located outside Java. This study aims to obtain an overview of the comparison between real rates and INA CBGs rates in hospitals. X, diseases with catastrophic or non-catastrophic categories that are widely used in hospitals. X and the comparison of costs and the effect of length of stay on real costs. This study is a cross-sectional study using secondary data, namely BPJS claim data for inpatients at the hospital. X in Southeast Sulawesi in 2021. The distribution normality test uses the Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test. Data with normal distribution were tested for significance using an independent t-test. Data that were not normally distributed were tested for significance with Mann Whitney. There are 2,534 data claimed by RS. X to BPJS in 2021. Claims consist of 209 types of disease descriptions where claims for non-catastrophic diseases are more than claims for catastrophic diseases. The biggest claim was cesarean section (mild) which was 209 claims (8.2%) which was included in the non-catastrophic category. RS. X must spend IDR 1,411,298,920,- to cover the difference between the INA CBGs tariff and the real rate for the non-catastrophic category and IDR 6,878,400 for catastrophic diseases. A stronger correlation between length of stay and real rates indicates that length of stay is one of the factors that cause real rates to be higher than INA CBG rates. The results of the t-test on non-catastrophic diseases showed that nine out of 10 disease descriptions had significant differences for real rates and INA CBG rates, while for catastrophic diseases there were no significant differences. There is only one disease description that has no significant difference, namely a disease with a description of Antepartum Disorder (Mild). The non-catastrophic disease is the most common in hospitalized patients. X in Southeast Sulawesi. The cost of hospital claims is greater than the cost of claims for INA CBGs in non-catastrophic and catastrophic diseases. Length of hospitalization has a significant correlation in hospitalized patients with catastrophic and non-catastrophic diseases. The correlation between length of stay was greater in patients with the catastrophic disease.
Formulasi Lotion Ekstrak Etanol 96% Buah Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Wiska Mailisa; Aqlima Rahmah; Chairunnisa; Berwi Fazri Pamudi
Jurnal Pharmacopoeia Vol 4 No 2 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33088/jp.v4i2.1093

Abstract

Formulasi sediaan topikal seperti lotion berbahan dasar bahan alam merupakan salah satu pendekatan inovatif dalam pengembangan produk perawatan kulit. Buah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) diketahui mengandung senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi dan mengevaluasi lotion dengan bahan aktif ekstrak etanol buah belimbing wuluh berdasarkan parameter mutu fisik, uji iritasi, dan uji hedonik. Buah belimbing wuluh yang diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%, menghasilkan ekstrak kental dengan rendemen 32,64%. Ekstrak diformulasikan menjadi lotion dengan variasi konsentrasi berbeda, yaitu F1 (2,5%), F2 (5%), dan F3 (7,5%) serta dilakukan uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji viskositas, uji iritasi, dan uji hedonik. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan seluruh formula membentuk sediaan semi padat dengan aroma khas ekstrak dan variasi warna F1, F2, dan F3 yaitu putih kekuningan, putih kecoklatan, dan coklat muda. Parameter fisik seperti pH (4,8; 4,2; 4,1), daya sebar (5,04; 5,36; 5,72 cm), dan viskositas (17.500; 30.750; 27.500 cP) berada dalam rentang yang memenuhi persyaratan. Uji iritasi pada 10 responden tidak menunjukkan tanda iritasi. Uji Friedman menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan (p < 0,05) terhadap preferensi panelis, dengan F1 sebagai formula paling disukai. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan lotion dari ekstrak etanol buah belimbing wuluh menghasilkan sediaan lotion yang memenuhi persyaratan evaluasi fisik. Kata kunci : Lotion, buah belimbing wuluh, uji iritasi, uji hedonik
Karakteristik Analisis Spektrofotometri IR Ekstrak Batang Kebiul (Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb) dengan Variasi Pelarut pada Maserasinya Desy Amalia; Karina Primtyas; Septi Wulandry; Delta Baharyati
Jurnal Pharmacopoeia Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33088/jp.v5i1.1229

Abstract

Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb is known to contain various secondary metabolites with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Differences in solvent polarity influence the types of compounds extracted; therefore, functional group profiling is essential to identify active constituents. This study aimed to compare the FTIR-ATR spectral profiles of C. bonduc stem extracts obtained using three solvents of different polarities: ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Extraction was carried out by maceration, and characterization was performed using a Bruker Alpha II FTIR spectrophotometer within the 4000–400 cm⁻¹ range. The ethanol extract exhibited strong absorption at 3430 cm⁻¹ (–OH) and 1635 cm⁻¹ (C=O), indicating polar compounds such as flavonoids and phenolics. The ethyl acetate extract showed distinctive bands at 1740 cm⁻¹ (C=O ester), while the n-hexane extract displayed peaks at 2922–2858 cm⁻¹ (C–H), associated with non-polar compounds such as fatty acids and terpenoids. Variations in absorption bands among the three extracts confirm that solvent polarity significantly affects the extracted chemical composition.This study demonstrates that differences in extraction solvents influence the composition of functional groups in the resulting chemical structures. Furthermore, the FTIR-ATR method has proven to be an effective technique for rapid and non-destructive characterization in identifying active compounds in medicinal plant extracts.
Hubungan Pengetahuan tentang Tablet Tambah Darah dengan Sikap dan Tindakan Konsumsi Pada Mahasiswi Farmasi Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh Burdah Burdah; Alfia Amlisa; Ernita Silviana; Amelia Sari; Rima Hayati
Jurnal Pharmacopoeia Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33088/jp.v5i1.1230

Abstract

Anemia is a common nutritional problem among young women and is caused by inadequate intake of essential nutrients, particularly iron. In Indonesia, the prevalence of anemia among women remains relatively high and poses a public health concern, especially among adolescents and young adults. Iron supplementation tablets are one of the government’s strategies to prevent anemia; however, adherence to their consumption remains low. This study aimed to examine the relationship between knowledge of iron supplementation tablets and attitudes and consumption actions among female Pharmacy students at Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh. This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of female students enrolled in the Department of Pharmacy at Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh. A total of 78 respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using Fisher’s Exact Test. The results showed a significant relationship between knowledge of iron supplementation tablets and attitudes toward consumption (p = 0.001; p < 0.05). However, no significant relationship was found between knowledge and consumption actions (p = 0.366; p > 0.05). These findings suggest that although knowledge influences attitudes, actual consumption actions are affected by factors beyond knowledge alone.In conclusion, knowledge of iron supplementation tablets is related to attitudes but is not related to consumption actions among female Pharmacy students at Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh. Strengthening supportive factors is necessary to improve adherence to iron supplementation.
Penentuan Kandungan Vitamin D2 Pada Ekstrak Etil Asetat Jamur Sawit (Volvariella volvacea) Dengan Metode Spektrofotometeri UV-Vis Oky Hermansyah; Apriyanti Apriyanti; Suci Rahmawati; Rose Intan Perma Sari; Dwi Dominica
Jurnal Pharmacopoeia Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33088/jp.v5i1.1245

Abstract

Numerous studies have demonstrated that vitamin D plays a significant role not only in bone health but also in immunity, aiding recovery from infectious respiratory diseases, diabetes, and cholesterol-related conditions. One natural source of vitamin D is mushrooms. Many studies have reported the vitamin D content in mushrooms such as oyster or paddy straw mushrooms, but none have reported the vitamin D content in palm oil mushrooms (Volvariella volvacea). These palm oil mushrooms are abundant in palm oil-producing regions such as Bengkulu Province, specifically in Pino District. This study aims to determine the vitamin D (ergocalciferol) content in the ethyl acetate extract of palm oil mushrooms harvested around oil palm plantations in Pino District. The palm oil mushrooms were processed into simplisia and extracted using ethyl acetate solvent through maceration, then evaporated to obtain a concentrated extract. The extraction process yielded a percentage of 1.076%. The vitamin D content in this concentrated extract was then determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometer with Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol BPFI) as the standard. The test results produced a standard curve for Vitamin D solution with a regression coefficient (r) of 0.997 and a linear equation of y = 0.0337x + 0.011. The sample absorbance was plotted into the linear equation and its concentration calculated, resulting in a vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) content in sample. This study concludes that palm oil mushrooms obtained from around the oil palm plantations in Pino District, Bengkulu Province, contain vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) at a level of 0.993% or approximately 397.200 IU/gram.
Verifikasi Metode Analisis Penetapan Kadar Kaptopril Sediaan Tablet Menggunakan KCKT–PDA dalam Mendukung Regionalisasi Laboratorium BPOM Laily Fauziah; Tuti Amalia As
Jurnal Pharmacopoeia Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33088/jp.v5i1.1254

Abstract

Captopril is a drug in the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACE Inhibitor) class that is widely used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Given its widespread use, the availability of reliable and validated analytical methods is crucial to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of pharmaceutical preparations containing captopril. Captopril analytical methods have been reported using various techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. However, before these methods are routinely used in the BPOM laboratory in Bengkulu, a method verification process is required to ensure that the adopted method meets analytical performance requirements under the conditions and equipment used.. The aim of this study was to verify the analysis method of Captopril in tablet preparations using HPLC with a PDA detector at the BPOM Bengkulu Laboratory. Verification was carried out using HPLC with a PDA detector at a wavelength of 220 nm, a 25 cm x 4.6 mm L1 column with a particle size of 5 um, using a mobile phase mixture of methanol; water; phosphoric acid (550; 450; 0.4) and a flow rate of 1 ml / minute in accordance with the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia edition VI. Verification results showed that the standard solution was detected at a retention time of approximately 4 minutes. In the specificity test, the Captopril standard and the tested sample produced peaks at identical retention times and spectra. The precision test provided a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.10%, the linearity test provided a correlation coefficient value of r = 0.9991, the accuracy test (recovery) at levels of 80%, 100% and 120% produced an average recovery of 97.55% with an acceptance range of 95% - 105%. In general, it can be concluded that the results of the verification of the analytical method for determining the levels of Captopril in tablet preparations meet the requirements and can be used in routine sample testing in the Laboratory.
Implikasi Perbedaan Klasifikasi AWaRe WHO Dan Kemenkes RI Terhadap Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik: Tinjauan Literatur Yusna Fadliyyah Apriyanti; Reza Rahmawati; Muthia Nurhidayah; Baha Udin
Jurnal Pharmacopoeia Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33088/jp.v5i1.1255

Abstract

The WHO developed the AWaRe classification to support antimicrobial stewardship through standardized evaluation of antibiotic use. Several countries, including Indonesia, have implemented AWaRe classifications tailored to national clinical needs and policy priorities. However, these adaptations may lead to variations in the interpretation of antibiotic use indicators and stewardship performance. A literature search was conducted through the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases and other relevant databases with the keywords “AWaRe classification”, “antibiotic use evaluation”, “WHO”, and “Indonesia”, combined with the Boolean operators “AND” and “OR" and selection by the publication date starting January 2023 and ten (10) studies met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies were analyzed using thematic and comparative synthesis to identify patterns of antibiotic consumption, dominance of AWaRe categories, and the impact of classification differences on stewardship indicators. The included studies covered outpatient care (30%), inpatient care (30%), intensive care units (20%), community pharmacies (10%), and national antibiotic distribution (10%). Most studies (90%) reported dominance of Watch antibiotics, while increased use of Reserve antibiotics (40%) and Watch antibiotics dominated the DU90% segment (80%) of studies. Indonesian studies (20%) showed that national adaptation of the AWaRe classification increased the proportion of Access antibiotics by approximately 15–30%.  In conclusion, AWaRe is a valuable tool for monitoring antibiotic use; however, stewardship interpretation is sensitive to the classification system applied. Dual reporting using both WHO and Kemenkes RI AWaRe classifications is recommended to ensure accurate, transparent, and globally comparable evaluation of antibiotic use in support of effective antimicrobial stewardship policies.
Evaluasi Penggunaan Obat Antihipertensi Pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit X Tangerang Muthia Nurhidayah; Nuraini Nuraini; Sefi Megawati
Jurnal Pharmacopoeia Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Maret 2026
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33088/jp.v5i1.1257

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become an increasingly important public health problem in Indonesia, in parallel with the rising prevalence of hypertension. Data from the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) indicated that the prevalence of chronic kidney failure in Indonesia remained a serious concern, and at RSU Kab. Tangerang, CKD was among the diseases with a high incidence, with hypertension as the main comorbidity. This study aimed to evaluate patterns of antihypertensive drug use in hospitalized CKD patients, including the appropriateness of patient selection, indications, drug selection, and dosing. A descriptive study design was applied using retrospective data obtained from the medical records of CKD patients treated in the inpatient ward of RSU Kab. Tangerang during the most recent study period. The data collected included patient characteristics, types of antihypertensive drugs prescribed, serum creatinine levels, blood pressure measurements, and patients’ clinical conditions. The results showed that 41.6% of patients received monotherapy, while 58.3% received combination therapy. The most commonly prescribed antihypertensive drugs were captopril, ramipril, valsartan, telmisartan, furosemide, bisoprolol, amlodipine, nifedipine, and clonidine. Evaluation of antihypertensive drug use revealed 100% appropriateness in indications, 98.33% appropriateness in drug selection, and 96.66% appropriateness in dosing. In conclusion, the use of antihypertensive drugs in hospitalized CKD patients RSU Kab. Tangerang was largely rational and consistent with therapeutic guidelines; however, continuous evaluation is still required to further improve the quality of therapy.

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