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Priviet Social Sciences Journal
Published by PRIVIETLAB
ISSN : 2798866X     EISSN : 27986314     DOI : 10.55942/pssj
PSSJ: Priviet Social Sciences Journal is an open access, monthly peer-reviewed international journal published by PRIVIETLAB. It provides an avenue to academicians, researchers, managers and others to publish their research work that contributes to the knowledge and theory of Social Sciences. PSSJ is published twelve a year. Publisher of Open Access Journals & Books designed to make it easy for worldwide researchers to discover leading-edge scientific research. Working closely with the global scientific community has been at the heart of our book and journal publishing activity. With a portfolio including journals, books, conference proceedings, we focus on Social Sciences and many more. PRIVIETLAB also publishes on behalf of other scientific organizations and represents their needs and those of their members. With worldwide impact, we support researchers, librarians and societies in their endeavours. PRIVIETLAB is an international center for supporting distinguished researchers, teachers, scholars and students who are researching various areas of Business, Science, and Technology. PRIVIETLAB wishes to provide good chances for academic and industry professionals to discuss recent progress in various areas of Business, Science, and Technology. PRIVIETLAB organizes many international conferences, symposia and workshops every year, and provides sponsor or technical support to researchers who wish to organize their own conferences and workshops.
Articles 991 Documents
Federalism within a unitary state: Institutional dynamics of BARMM and conflict resolution in the Philippines Choiroh, Maftuhatul; Molasy, Honest Dody; Prabhawati, Adhiningasih
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 6 No. 5 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Privietlab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v6i5.1493

Abstract

The conflict between the Philippine government and the Muslim community in Mindanao stems from historical marginalization, ongoing violence, and the rejection of previous attempts to grant autonomy by various groups. This study analyzes the establishment of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) through the Bangsamoro Organic Law (BOL) of 2019. By positioning BARMM as a form of constitutional asymmetry within the framework of the unitary state of the Philippines, this study highlights how BARMM operates as a federal dynamic that balances self-rule and shared rule without fully adopting a federal system. Using qualitative descriptive research, this study demonstrates that BARMM strengthens national integration through (1) constitutional asymmetry as an instrument for managing diversity, (2) the implementation of BARMM: self-rule and shared rule, (3) political legitimacy through symbolic and functional reconciliation, and (4) the need to mitigate structural challenges and risks within BARMM. This study concludes that constitutional asymmetry functions as a strategic mechanism in the construction of peace from within and provides an analytical paradigm to explain ethnopolitical diversity within the socio-political structure of the society.
Community-based tourism development in Baluran National Park as a sustainable tourism destination Yadi, Muhammad Hafif; Aulia, Rezki; Rudiya, Hadi; Wiranto, Agus
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 6 No. 5 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Privietlab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v6i5.1624

Abstract

Tourism is a sector that has grown significantly in recent years after the Covid-19 pandemic. BaluranNational Park is one of the contributors to foreign exchange in the tourism sector in the conservationarea. The increasing potential for visits to Baluran National Park needs to be balanced with thedevelopment of tourist attractions to continue to increase tourist visits and have a greater impact on theeconomy of the surrounding community. This study aims to determine the readiness and preferences ofthe community in order to analyze recommendations for the development of tourist attractions in BaluranNational Park. Data on natural resource potential was collected using observation and literature studymethods. Visitor preference data was collected using a questionnaire method. Community readiness datawas collected using interviews to explore information related to the focus of the study. Baluran NationalPark and the surrounding villages have great potential to support community-based tourism developmentin Baluran National Park. The community is ready to support the development of tourist attractions inBaluran National Park, especially those that will definitely provide maximum benefits and profits withoutdamaging the natural resources in Baluran National Park. The research resulted in two recommendationsfor the development of community-based tourist attractions in Baluran National Park, namely educationaltourism and local cultural tourism. Educational tourism can be developed and conceptualized in line withconservation programs so that natural resources remain preserved. Empowerment that can supporteducational tourism includes handicrafts that depict the culture of the community and the history ofBaluran National Park, as well as innovative and environmentally friendly means of transportation such aselectric vehicles or horse-drawn carriages, which are traditional means of transportation for thecommunity.
Immersed to buy: The mediating effect of flow experience on impulsive buying in TikTok live streaming Qurniawati, Rina Sari; Nurohman, Yulfan Arif; Saputra, Riyan
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 6 No. 5 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Privietlab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v6i5.1649

Abstract

Impulsive purchasing tendencies among Generation Z are increasingly shaped by live streaming commerce, which combines promotional incentives, entertainment, and real-time interaction into a digital shopping experience. This study examines the psychological mechanisms underlying impulsive buying behavior among Gen Z consumers in the context of TikTok Live. Using a quantitative survey approach, data were collected through purposive sampling from Generation Z consumers in Salatiga and Semarang who actively watch and shop through TikTok Live. Primary data were gathered using a digital survey and analyzed using PLS-SEM to test the structural relationships in the research model. The findings show that social presence does not directly influence impulsive buying behavior, whereas sales promotion has a significant, direct, and positive effect. However, both social presence and sales promotion significantly affect impulsive buying through the flow experience. Flow experience fully mediated the relationship between social presence and impulsive buying and partially mediated the relationship between sales promotion and impulsive buying. This indicates that immersion, enjoyment, and focused attention during live-streaming sessions increase consumers’ tendency to make spontaneous purchases. This study highlights flow experience as a critical mediating mechanism in Gen Z’s impulsive buying behavior on TikTok Live. The findings suggest that experiential immersion matters more than social cues alone, while sales promotion continues to exert a direct persuasive influence beyond its experiential effect. The main contribution of this study lies in showing that social and promotional stimuli influence impulsive buying differently: social presence requires full experiential mediation, whereas sales promotion retains an independent and direct pathway. These findings enrich the consumer behavior literature by clarifying the conditions under which flow mediates impulsive buying in live streaming commerce. Practically, sellers and content creators should prioritize immersive and engaging live-streaming experiences, while policymakers and researchers should consider experiential factors when examining consumer behavior on emerging social commerce platforms.
The effect of capital adequacy ratio and loan to deposit ratio on return on assets: Banking companies implementing green banking Kurnia, Liyanita Dewi; Hardianto, Ade Manggala; Novitasari , Yuli
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 6 No. 5 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Privietlab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v6i5.1715

Abstract

This study examines and analyzes the effect of the capital adequacy ratio and loan-to-deposit ratio on return on assets in the context of green banking, specifically for banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2022-2024 period. This study aims to provide empirical evidence on how financial performance indicators, particularly the capital adequacy ratio and liquidity, influence bank profitability within the framework of sustainable banking practices. In this study, the capital aspect is measured using the capital adequacy ratio, which reflects a bank’s ability to absorb potential losses and maintain financial stability. The liquidity aspect is measured using the loan-to-deposit ratio, which indicates the bank’s effectiveness in channeling funds from deposits into loans. Meanwhile, profitability is measured using return on assets, which shows the bank’s ability to generate profits from its total assets. The data used in this research are secondary data obtained from published financial statements and annual reports of banking companies. The sampling technique applied is purposive sampling, based on specific criteria aligned with the research objectives, from a total population of 47 banking companies listed on the IDX, 12 companies were selected as the final sample, resulting in 36 observations over the three-year period. This study employs panel data regression analysis to examine the relationship between variables, and the data processing is conducted using E-Views version 13 software. Panel data analysis was chosen because it allows for a more comprehensive examination by combining cross-sectional and time-series data, thereby increasing the accuracy and reliability of the results. The findings of this study indicate that the capital adequacy ratio does not have a significant effect on return on assets in green banking. This suggests that the level of capital adequacy ratio held by banks does not necessarily determine their ability to generate profits from assets. Similarly, the loan to deposit ratio is also found to have no significant effect on return on assets, indicating that the bank’s level of liquidity and lending activities dose not directly influence profitability in the context of green banking. These conditions may play a more dominant role in determining bank profitability.
Analysis of the role of fair compensation in improving employee performance: A systematic literature review Mahfud, Imam
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 6 No. 5 (2026): May 2026
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v6i5.1741

Abstract

Fair compensation has been increasingly recognized as a strategic lever for enhancing employee motivation, satisfaction, and performance in contemporary organizations. This study systematically synthesizes theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence on the role of fair compensation in improving employee performance, with particular attention to how strategic human resource management (HRM) fosters a productive and harmonious work environment. Drawing on a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) between 2014 and 2024, complemented by foundational theoretical works, this study applied predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria covering distributive, procedural, and interactional fairness, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and individual and team performance metrics to identify relevant studies. The synthesis demonstrates that (1) financial and non-financial compensation jointly predicts employee performance, with non-financial recognition strengthening the effect of pay-for-performance on engagement; (2) perceptions of internal and external pay equity mediate the relationship between compensation systems and discretionary effort; and (3) effective HRM bundles, integrating workforce planning, training, performance appraisal, and transparent reward design, constitute the boundary conditions for compensation to translate into sustainable performance. Although classical scholars (e.g., Rivai, 2015) emphasize direct financial compensation as the principal driver of short-term productivity, contemporary meta-analytic evidence (Cerasoli et al., 2014; Gerhart & Fang, 2014) suggests that the joint optimization of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards yields superior long-term performance outcomes. This study contributes to HRM theory by integrating equity, expectancy, two-factor, and self-determination perspectives into a coherent fairness–performance framework and offers practical guidance for designing transparent, performance-based, and contextually fair compensation systems.
Free nutritious meals program or Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) and the rural political economy: A theory-driven literature review of urban bias, spatial justice, and fiscal dynamics in rural–urban relations Ariyanto, Komang; Saharuddin, Saharuddin
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 6 No. 5 (2026): May 2026
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v6i5.1803

Abstract

This article presents a theory-driven literature review of the Free Nutritious Meals Program or Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG) through the lens of urban bias theory, structuring the analysis into four distinct pillars: economic opportunity, infrastructural constraints, political risk, and fiscal trade-offs. It examines whether the policy can reduce rural–urban disparities or reinforce the structural rural dependence on the central government. By systematically searching and synthesizing 22 core scientific publications from 2024 to April 2026 via the conceptual approaches of Snyder (2019) and van der Waldt (2021), guided by explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria, this review assesses the political‒economic implications of the MBG. The synthesis indicates that, based on policy projections and early modeling, MBG has the potential to serve as a rural economic stimulus through increased demand for local food, improvement in farmers’ terms of trade, and job creation within village-based food supply chains. Economic multiplier effects also emerge through household income redistribution and strengthening local agricultural product markets. However, the findings also reveal several structural constraints that may reinforce these biases. Documented logistical infrastructure limitations in 3T regions (disadvantaged, frontier, and outermost areas), such as the absence of cold chains and adequate food transportation access, create a reasonable inference that urban vendors will likely dominate food procurement in these areas. Furthermore, the centralized policy design increases the risk of local elite political patronage, the marginalization of microeconomic actors such as school cafeteria vendors, and potential budget leakage. From a fiscal perspective, the large allocation for the MBG creates pressure on financing sustainability and raises the risk of budget substitution away from productive rural sectors. This study concludes that MBG can become an effective instrument for reducing urban bias only if accompanied by governance decentralization, investment in rural logistics infrastructure, procurement transparency, and the integration of local economic actors. As a normative warning, without such reforms, the MBG risks becoming a consumptive policy that reinforces spatial inequality and rural dependence on the central government for funding.
Legal implications of changes to State Civil Servants or Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) regulations on personnel management systems in Indonesia Ansori, M. Tedi; Putra, Marta Deki; Triananda, Djorghi Samudra; Iskandar, Iskandar; Madinar, Madinar
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 6 No. 5 (2026): May 2026
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v6i5.1817

Abstract

The amendment of the State Civil Servants or Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) regulation through Law Number 20 of 2023 introduced significant normative changes to Indonesia’s personnel management system. This study examines the legal consequences of these regulatory changes from the perspective of state administrative law, focusing on the merit system, institutional oversight, talent management, and the reorganization of non-ASN staff. The methodology utilized in this analysis is normative juridical, employing both statutory and conceptual approaches grounded in secondary legal resources such as statutes, legal theories, academic publications, and formal institutional documents. The findings indicate that Law Number 20 of 2023 enhances the merit system by implementing national talent management and a unified digital system for personnel administration, while offering a more defined legal structure for the reorganization of non-ASN staff. Moreover, the new regulation proposes modifications to the institutional framework governing ASN oversight, including the revision of the supervisory function previously held by the State Civil Service Commission or Komisi Aparatur Sipil Negara (KASN). From an administrative law perspective, these alterations have legal implications for the principles of legality, certainty, accountability, professionalism, and neutrality within public administration. This research contends that while the recent regulation signifies a movement towards modernizing and reinforcing ASN governance, various normative challenges persist, especially in relation to institutional oversight, the harmonization of implementation regulations, and the reliability of merit system protections amid Indonesia's bureaucratic reform initiatives. Consequently, there is a need for comprehensive derivative regulations and enhanced administrative oversight to guarantee legal certainty and the effective execution of the ASN personnel management system.
Evaluating the economics of zero-waste retail: A case study on enhancing Indonesia’s economic diplomacy Ekananda, Bintang; Shenindita, Nadila Putri
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 6 No. 5 (2026): May 2026
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v6i5.1822

Abstract

This study evaluates the economics of the zero-waste retail market as a strategic instrument for Indonesia’s 21st-century economic diplomacy. Utilizing a qualitative case study of a pioneering waste-free refill and supermarket network, the research examines how the transition from linear to circular retail models serves as a bridge between domestic sustainability policy and international economic engagement. Through SWOT analysis and an assessment of closed-loop logistics, the article analyzes the internalization of environmental externalities and the resulting competitive advantages in carbon mitigation and energy efficiency. Beyond operational metrics, the study explores how the scalability of the zero-waste retail market generates reputational capital for Indonesia. This empirical validation is positioned as a source of bargaining power for Indonesian diplomats navigating the UN Treaty on Plastic Pollution, providing a credible domestic 'proof of concept' for reuse-based economies in the Global South. However, the study also addresses the economic fragility of the model, specifically the trade-offs in reverse logistics and the infrastructure requirements for high-functioning reuse systems. By balancing economic viability with strategic foreign policy aims, the research concludes that zero-waste retail infrastructure acts as a pivotal instrument for state-led ESG leadership in an increasingly fragmented global trade environment.
Fragmented sovereignty and legal pluralism in Sri Lanka: Reconfiguring state authority after the 2022 economic crisis Shuhood, Fathima Adila; Marah, Thomas Sheku
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 6 No. 5 (2026): May 2026
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v6i5.1853

Abstract

In April 2022, Sri Lanka became the first South Asian state to default on its external debt in the post-independence period, triggering severe economic disruption, mass political protests, emergency governance measures and extensive intervention by international financial institutions. Beyond its fiscal dimensions, the crisis has produced a significant reconfiguration of state authority and legal governance. Existing scholarship has largely examined the crisis through political economy and macroeconomic frameworks, while insufficiently addressing how crisis governance reshapes the organization of sovereignty through interactions between domestic legal systems and transnational regulatory regimes. This study examines how the 2022 economic crisis redistributed legal and institutional authority across executive institutions, plural legal orders, and externally conditioned governance frameworks in Sri Lanka. Employing a qualitative case study design, the analysis draws on constitutional provisions, emergency regulations, fiscal reform legislation, International Monetary Fund (IMF)-linked policy frameworks, and institutional practices between 2022 and 2025. The findings demonstrate that crisis governance generated a fragmented structure of authority in which executive consolidation, externally embedded fiscal conditionalities, and strategic uses of legal pluralism became the central mechanisms of governance. This article conceptualizes this configuration as fragmented sovereignty, defined as the structured dispersion of authority across overlapping domestic and transnational legal regimes. This study contributes to debates on sovereignty, legal pluralism, and global governance by demonstrating how an economic crisis transforms the internal organization of state authority in postcolonial contexts. The findings highlight the governance risks associated with externally conditioned crisis reforms, including weakened accountability, regulatory inconsistency, and reduced transparency in public decision-making.
Navigating peace, conflict, and human security within the Switzerland-Slovakia sustainable energy framework under the 2060 Strategy Sutiono, Pribadi; Salsabila, Ghina Aulia; Shenindita, Nadila Putri; Pradana, Muhammad Andhika
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): April 2026
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v6i4.1878

Abstract

. As the global community approaches the 2026 UN Summit of the Future, international structures governing resources and energy face a profound legitimacy crisis, requiring integrated systems to ensure human security. This study evaluates the alignment of Switzerland’s 2060 strategy with emerging global mandates for equitable governance, specifically examining the tension between Swiss diplomatic neutrality and the developmental imperatives of the UN’s pact for the future. Utilizing a comparative policy analysis framework, the research leverages OECD data, Swiss federal policy instruments, and the UN’s proposed governance breakthroughs to analyze the Swiss-Slovak Cooperation Programme as a primary case study. The analysis reveals a significant convergence gap between Switzerland’s rhetoric of inclusive transformation and its institutional application. In the Slovak context, Swiss support is frequently confined to technical niches such as vocational training and environmental protection while maintaining a detached stance toward broader economic convergence and regional energy equity.  Findings indicate that current Swiss bilateral policy operates in a state of fragmentation that negates the multiplier effects intended by the UN Rescue Plan. This paper provides a strategic roadmap for reforming bilateral frameworks, ensuring that energy and resource-based contributions catalyze long-term economic stability and peacebuilding rather than merely funding projects.

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