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Puspawan Hariadi
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Sinteza
Published by Universitas Hamzanwadi
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27978133     DOI : https://doi.org/10.29408/sinteza
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Sinteza, ISSN (online) 2797-8133, is a peer-reviewed journal in pharmacy. Established 2021, the journal is an open access of published articles to support greater exposure of scientific knowledge. Sinteza published online twice a year by Faculty of Health, Universitas hamzanwadi. Sinteza accepts various fields of research in pharmacy including community and clinical pharmacy, pharmaceutics, pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutical chemistry, and pharmaceutical biology. Manuscript accepted in Sinteza written in both Bahasa Indonesia and English
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Farmasi
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February" : 8 Documents clear
Skrining Fitokimia dan Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Biji Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) asal Lampung Barat Handayani, Kiki Yuli; Setiawan, Rudi; Capah, Agitha Casanova; Putri, Natasya Armelia; Prayuda, Peggy Ivana; Fitria, Suci
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.31794

Abstract

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is one of Indonesia’s leading agricultural commodities, with West Lampung serving as a major production center. Besides its economic significance, robusta coffee has garnered scientific attention due to its potential as a source of bioactive compounds. Among these, flavonoids stand out for their well-documented antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties, making them highly relevant for applications in cosmetic and personal care products, particularly in hair care formulations. Flavonoids are known to play a crucial role in maintaining scalp health, preventing oxidative damage to hair follicles, and promoting overall hair vitality. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile and quantify the total flavonoid content in Coffea canephora bean extract originating from West Lampung. Phytochemical screening was conducted qualitatively to detect the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids. For the quantification of total flavonoid content, a UV-Visible spectrophotometric method was employed, using quercetin as the standard reference compound. The extract was first macerated with 96% ethanol, followed by filtration and evaporation to obtain a concentrated sample. The results revealed the presence of key bioactive compounds, including tannins, saponins, and notably, flavonoids. The total flavonoid content was found to be 784 mg QE/g extract. These findings support the potential utilization of Coffea canephora from West Lampung as a functional raw material in cosmetic formulations, particularly for hair care products aimed at protecting against oxidative stress and enhancing scalp and hair health. Further studies are recommended to explore the extract’s mechanism of action and its compatibility in cosmetic bases.
Pengaruh Faktor Risiko terhadap Efek Samping Hipotensi Ortostatik pada Pasien Hipertensi dengan Komorbid Diabetes Mellitus Utami, Primanitha Ria; Pratiwi, Elasari Dwi; Ayuning Tiyas, Danur Sukma
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.31990

Abstract

Orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect of antihypertensive therapy that can lead to serious outcomes such as falls, injuries, and death. The risk increases in patients with comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, which affect autonomic regulation and often require multiple medications (polypharmacy). This study aimed to assess the influence of risk factors gender, age, duration of use, body mass index, and polypharmacy on the incidence of orthostatic hypotension in hypertensive patients with comorbidities at the Lamongan District Health Center. Using a cross-sectional design, 78 Prolanis program participants were observed from January to March 2025. Data were collected through direct observation, medical records, and the Naranjo algorithm questionnaire, then analyzed with Spearman Rank correlation. Results showed that most respondents experienced possible (41.03%) to very certain (39.74%) side effects of orthostatic hypotension linked to antihypertensive use. Age (ρ=0.698; p=0.000), gender (ρ=0.308; p=0.006), and polypharmacy (ρ=0.277; p=0.014) were significantly associated with orthostatic hypotension, with age as the strongest factor. Duration of use (ρ=0.122; p=0.287) and body mass index (ρ=−0.006; p=0.961) showed no significant correlation. These findings highlight the need for heightened vigilance in elderly patients and those on multiple medications to prevent orthostatic hypotension. Further studies with larger samples and longer follow-up are recommended. Educating patients on proper medication use is crucial to reduce adverse effects.
Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Kadar Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pulai (Alstonia scholaris) dengan Metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) Wahyuningsih, Sri; Sari, Nur Indah; Wahid, Hilmiati; Azima, Azima
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.31992

Abstract

Pulai leaves (Alstonia scholaris) are known to contain various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, so the choice of extraction method is a factor that affects the quality and quantity of bioactive compounds produced. This study aims to compare the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of pulai leaves obtained through two different extraction methods, namely maceration and reflux. This study is a laboratory experimental study using 96% ethanol solvent in both extraction methods. The flavonoid content was determined quantitatively using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with quercetin as the standard. The antioxidant activity test was performed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method based on the IC50 value. The results showed that the extract obtained using the reflux method had a higher flavonoid content of 17.11±0.03 mgQE/g and an IC50 value of 7.84±0.02 ppm, while the maceration method produced a flavonoid content of 8.42±0.02 mgQE/g and an IC50 value of 12.53±0.17 ppm. As a positive control, vitamin C had an IC50 value of 5.26±0.08 ppm. Based on these results, the extraction of pulai leaves (Alstonia scholaris) using the reflux method proved to be more effective in extracting flavonoid compounds and had higher antioxidant activity compared to the maceration method.
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Mouthwash Fraksi Metanol Daun Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans Penyebab Karies Gigi Zulhijjati, Mirzalina; Yuliana, Tri Puspita; Fatmayanti, Baiq Risma; Oktresia, Erma Ewisa
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.31994

Abstract

Streptococcus mutans is a bacterium found in the human oral cavity and is the primary cause of tooth decay. The effects of Streptococcus mutans bacteria can be eliminated with mouthwash formulated with natural ingredients, one of which is celery leaves, which are known to have antibacterial properties against the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The purpose of this study was to determine the best concentration of a mouthwash formulation using the methanol fraction of celery leaves based on the results of the physical properties evaluation test and to determine the antibacterial activity of a mouthwash formulation using the methanol fraction of celery leaves in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. This study was a quantitative study using a laboratory experimental method with a posttest-only control group design. This study is a quantitative study using a laboratory experiment method with a posttest-only control group design by observing the area of ​​the inhibition zone as the dependent variable. The area of ​​the inhibition zone of each formula was compared with the control using the ANOVA test. The results of the physical properties evaluation test, including ogrnanoleptic tests, pH tests, homogeneity tests, specific gravity tests, and cycling tests, met the requirements for good physical quality. The highest antibacterial activity results were found in formula III with a concentration of 1.5% celery leaf methanol fraction with an average inhibitory power of 23.63 mm with a Very Strong category.
Pengaruh Lokasi Tumbuh terhadap Perbedaan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Daging Buah Kepundung (Baccaurea racemosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Müll. Arg.) Permatasari, Lina; Aulia Rahmah, Diyani
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.32122

Abstract

Excessive exposure to free radicals can potentially trigger degenerative diseases in the body. Therefore, antioxidant compounds are required to inhibit free radical reactions. Several antioxidant compounds can be naturally obtained from plants. Kepundung fruit (Baccaurea racemosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Müll. Arg.) is one of the fruits reported to contain bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant properties. However, the study about the effect of different growing locations on the antioxidant activity of kepundung fruit pulp has never been conducted before. This study aimed to determine the influence of growing location on the antioxidant activity of kepundung fruit pulp from two regions, Lombok and Banyuwangi. Kepundung fruit samples from both locations were extracted with methanol p.a. using the maceration method. The antioxidant activity of each sample was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, with quercetin as the positive control. The IC₅₀ values of quercetin and the samples from both locations were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with a significance level of P < 0.05.The results showed that the IC₅₀ values of the methanol extract of kepundung fruit pulp from Lombok (EMBKL) and Banyuwangi (EMBKB) were 387.53 ± 2.67 µg/mL and 425.17 ± 16.98 µg/mL, respectively. A lower IC₅₀ value indicates higher antioxidant activity; thus, the extract from Lombok exhibited greater antioxidant activity. However, statistical analysis revealed that the antioxidant activity values of the two samples were not significantly different. Therefore, the growing locations of both samples likely share similar environmental conditions.
Formulasi Pil Kunyit (Curcuma Longa L.) Kombinasi Sari Jeruk Limau Kuit (Citrus Hystrix Dc.) Sebagai Antioksidan Citrariana, Shesanthi; Muhammad Priyadi; Anograh R, Defilia; Rahmman, Sudarman; Febrianto, Yahya; Irawan, Ahmad; June N, Franz; Elphasa H, Shavira; Adistia P, Allaya
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.32965

Abstract

Turmeric contains the active compound curcumin, which has been studied for its various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. Kaffir lime is a plant commonly found on the island of Borneo and is used in traditional medicine and culinary flavors. Kaffir lime fruit and leaves contain various bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids (hesperidin, naringenin), essential oils (citronellal, limonene), and vitamin C. Flavonoids are known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that can boost the immune system. Pills are one of the oldest dosage forms in the pharmaceutical world and are still relevant, especially for herbal preparations due to their ease of manufacture and stability. This study aims to formulate pill preparations by combining turmeric and lime juice. The method used is wet granulation to make pills with varying turmeric concentrations, namely F1 0.26% and F2 0.52% using polyvinyl alcohol as a binder. Physical evaluations include water content, weight uniformity, pH, and disintegration time tests. The pills were then tested for antioxidant activity against DPPH. The results showed that the water content of F1 pills was 4.06% and F2 pills 3.75%, pill weight uniformity with RSD value criteria of F1 was 0.21% and F2 pills 3.40%, the average pH of F1 was 6.32 and F2 pills 6.22, and the disintegration time of F1 was 30 minutes and F2 pills 8.26 minutes. The results of the antioxidant activity of the pill preparations showed that the F1 IC50 was 6.36 ppm and the F2 IC50 was 5.53 ppm. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that F2 pill preparations have good physical properties and potential antioxidant activity.
What Solvent is Actually the Best for Extracting Andrographolide? – Computational Evaluation of the Atomic Behavior in Different Solvent Models Setiawansyah, Arif; Khairunnisa, Khairunnisa; Wilsya, Mayaranti
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.33127

Abstract

Andrographolide, a bioactive diterpenoid lactone from Andrographis paniculata, exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, making solvent selection critical for optimizing extraction efficiency while preserving bioactivity. This study aimed to identify the optimal solvent for andrographolide extraction through computational evaluation of solvation thermodynamics and electronic properties using density functional theory. Geometry optimization and solvation calculations were performed at the B3LYP/def2-SVP level using the Conductor-like Polarizable Continuum Model (CPCM) in ORCA version 6.0.1 across twelve solvent systems including water, alcohols, aprotic solvents, and non-polar media. Molecular properties including solvation free energy, frontier molecular orbitals, global chemical reactivity descriptors, dipole moment, atomic charge distribution, molecular electrostatic potential, and infrared spectra were systematically analyzed. Results demonstrated that water exhibited the most favorable solvation free energy at -76.64 kJ/mol, superior to all other examined solvents including acetonitrile (-75.30 kJ/mol), methanol (-75.05 kJ/mol), and significantly better than hexane (-33.52 kJ/mol). Water induces optimal dipole moment enhancement to 1.253 Debye while maintaining stable HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 5.009 eV and consistent global reactivity descriptors, confirming preservation of intrinsic chemical properties and bioactivity. Infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed complete structural integrity in aqueous environment. This computational study establishes water as the superior extraction medium for andrographolide based on exceptional thermodynamic favorability, optimal electronic stabilization, maintained molecular stability, and practical advantages including non-toxicity and environmental sustainability.
Evaluasi Tablet Effervescent Curcuma longa dan Tamarindus indica: Sifat Fisik, Analgesik, dan Toksisitas Akut Kautsari, Farah Widya; Emha, Maulida Rahmawati
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.33296

Abstract

Dysmenorrhea was a common complaint among adolescent women and was often treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), although long-term NSAID use could cause adverse effects. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica) had traditionally been used in Indonesia as the “kunyit-asam” herbal preparation due to their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. However, traditional herbal drinks such as jamu godhog had several limitations, including inconsistent dosing and low stability, which supported the need for developing modern dosage forms like effervescent tablets. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical quality and pharmacological activity of kunyit-asam effervescent tablets in three variations of turmeric extract concentrations, namely 250 mg, 500 mg, and 750 mg. The physical evaluations included organoleptic testing, weight uniformity, tablet hardness, and dissolution time, while pharmacological evaluations consisted of analgesic activity using the writhing test in male mice and acute toxicity testing to assess safety. The results showed that all three formulations met the required physical quality parameters. Analgesic testing indicated that doses of 2.6 mg/20 g BW and 3.9 mg/20 g BW produced analgesic effects comparable to paracetamol. Acute toxicity testing demonstrated that no mortality occurred in any treatment group. Overall, the developed kunyit-asam effervescent tablets exhibited good physical quality, were safe, and demonstrated potential as a modern herbal alternative for pain relief.

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