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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education {PISSN 2085-191X| EISSN 2338-7610} published scientific papers on the results of biology and biology education research {see Focus and Scope}. Editor accepts the article has not been published in other media with the writing format as listed on page manuscript writing guidelines {see Author Guidelines}. The journal published three times a year, on April, August & December and published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Pendidikan
Articles 107 Documents
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The Phytochemical and Biological Activities of Two Phyllanthus Species: Insights into Metabolit, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity Araújo, Otilda Fátima; Kristiani, Elizabeth Betty Elok; Kasmiyati, Sri; Nugroho, Laurentius Hartanto
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.13944

Abstract

Phylanthus species, including P. niruri and P. urinaria have pharmacological potential due to their rich phytochemical composition. People usually used this plant for medicinal treatments. This study aimed to compare the phytochemical and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of two Phyllanthus species. The whole of plants was extracted using maceration method with ethanol as solvent. Phytochemical content analyzed using spectrophotometer.  The reagent used for each compounds that were Folin-ciocalteu for phenolics, AlCl3 for flavonoid, dimethyl sulfoxide for chlorophyll and carotenoid. Bioactivity analysis using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method for antioxidant activity and Kirby-Bauer method for antibacterial activity. The highest flavonoid content (12.22 mg QE/gram extract) and total chlorophyll (43.2 µg/ml extract) in P. niruri while phenolic content (80.8 mg GAE/gram extract) in P. urinaria. The carotene of both Phyllanthus were similar (11.9 µg/ml extract. The IC50 values of P. urinaria (6.16 ± 0.42 μg/ml) and P. niruri (17.72 ± 0.80 μg/ml), which indicated very strong antioxidant activity. P. urinaria leaf extract had stronger inhibition against Escherichia coli than Staphylococcus aureus (>20 mm) and P. niruri leaf extract could inhibit E. coli and S. aureus bacteria at all concentrations (11-20 mm). This study found that phenolic compounds strongly influenced the antioxidant and antibacterial abilities of Phyllanthus, while chlorophyll and carotenoids had only a slight influence. These findings open up opportunities to utilize P. niruri and P. urinaria as antioxidant and antibacterial agents.
Effects of Seasonal Transitions on Population Dynamics of Fruit Flies in Capsicum annuum and Solanum lycopersicum in Batu City, Indonesia Agustina, Dwi Kameluh; Leksono, Amin Setyo; Yanuwiadi, Bagyo; Rizali, Akhmad; Abdullah, Saiful Arif; Abdullah, Muhammad
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i1.14288

Abstract

Fruit flies remain a persistent threat to horticultural production, especially in tropical regions where seasonal shifts can significantly affect their population dynamics. This study investigated the species composition, diversity, and environmental drivers of fruit fly populations infesting Capsicum annuum and Solanum lycopersicum over a one-year period in Batu City, Indonesia. Using weekly sampling across four seasonal phases—dry-to-rainy transition, rainy season, rainy-to-dry transition, and dry season—fruit fly specimens were collected, reared, and identified. Environmental variables, including temperature, humidity, rainfall, light intensity, and pesticide application frequency, were monitored and analyzed in relation to fruit fly abundance using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression. A total of four species were recorded: Bactrocera carambolae, Bactrocera dorsalis, Atherigona sp, and Silba sp, with the latter representing a new regional record for East Java. Population peaks occurred during the rainy season and its transitional periods, while significant declines were observed during the dry months. Regression models revealed that temperature and humidity supported population growth, whereas pesticide use had a consistently suppressive effect—particularly for B. dorsalis and Atherigona sp. However, the models explained only 20–50% of the variation, suggesting that additional ecological factors may be at play. These findings deepen our understanding of fruit fly ecology in tropical systems and highlight the importance of integrating climatic and agronomic data in pest management strategies. The discovery of Silba sp. further enriches current biogeographical knowledge and signals the need for adaptive, interdisciplinary approaches to sustainable pest control.
Selection of Potential Lignin-Degrading Bacteria and Fungi Isolates from the Gunung Lumut and Sungai Wain in East Kalimantan Ruhimat, Riki; Kumala Dewi, Tirta; Noviana, Zahra; Sutisna, Entis; Mulyani, Nani; Juwari, Micha; Sufaati, Supeni; Antonius, Sarjiya; Verchius, Eric
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i1.14755

Abstract

The enzymes laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP), and lignin peroxidase (LiP) are ligninolytic enzyme groups that have a crucial role in degrading lignin compounds. These complex components are abundant in plant biomass. This research aims to isolate and characterize microorganisms producing the enzymes Lac, MnP, and LiP from leaf litter, rhizosphere soil, and sediment in the Gunung Lumut Protected Forest (GLPF) and Sungai Wain Protected Forest (SWPF), East Kalimantan. The bacterial and fungal isolates obtained were cultured on NA and PDA media enriched with 0.05% guaiacol as a substrate. Initial selection was carried out based on the colony growth rate and the formation of a brownish discoloration zone, which indicates ligninolytic enzyme activity. The superior isolates were then tested for extracellular enzyme activity quantitatively using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Among the bacterial isolates, the highest Lac activity is isolated GLS 5.1.2 (173.44 U L-1); the highest MnP activity is isolated GLS 5.3 (177.41 U L-1); and the highest LiP activity is isolated GLS 5.1.2 (1034.05 U L-1). In the group of fungi, isolate SS2 was detected with the highest Lac activity (20.66 U L-1), MnP activity (333.75 U L-1), and LiP activity (2516.13 U L-1). Biodiversity sources in the Gunung Lumut Protected Forest (GLPF) and Sungai Wain Protected Forest (SWPF), East Kalimantan have the potential to produce microbial isolates with unique enzymatic characteristics that have never been reported before. The resulting microbial isolate can be used as a bioactivator in composting organic waste to produce high-quality organic fertilizer.
The Role of Endophyte Bacteria in The Growth and Yield of Various Rice Varieties in Rainfed Rice Lands Wiyono , Wiyono; Ambawati, Galih Saras; Priyadi, Sapto; Daryanti , Daryanti; Aziez, Achmad Fatchul; Ali, Mazhar
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.15286

Abstract

Rainfed land typically lacks essential nutrients, including nitrogen. An endophytic bacterial consortium can fix nitrogen from the air, potentially enhancing the growth and yield of lowland rice varieties. The aim of this research was to assess the growth and yield of various lowland rice varieties when treated with a consortium of diazotrophic endophytic bacteria in rainfed land. This study was conducted in rainfed rice fields in Demangan, Sambi, Boyolali, Central Java, Indonesia, to evaluate the growth of rice varieties at different doses of the endophytic bacterial consortium. A completely randomized block design was employed, featuring two factors and three replications. The first factor was the endophytic bacterial consortium, applied at doses of 0, 20, 30, and 40 L/ha/application. The second factor consisted of three rice varieties: Situbagendit, Ciherang, and Mekongga. The results indicated that (1) the dose of endophytic bacteria had a very significant effect on dry shoot weight, dry plant weight, 1,000 grain weight, and panicle length; (2) rice varieties had a significant effect only on fresh shoot weight; and (3) the interaction between the dose of endophytic bacteria and rice varieties did not significantly affect any of the observed parameters. This research suggests that to enhance rice growth and yield in rainfed rice fields, a dose of 40 L/ha/application of the diazotrophic endophytic bacterial consortium is recommended, along with the use of the Situbagendit, Ciherang, or Mekongga varieties.  
Mangrove Conditions Using Drones Along Several Rivers in Bengkalis Island, Riau, Indonesia Eki Ria Saputra; Sri Catur Setyawatiningsih; Radith Mahatma; Kozan, Osamu
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.16325

Abstract

Mangroves on Bengkalis Island experienced a decline between 2000 and 2019. This decrease in mangrove forest area was caused by anthropogenic activities and natural factors, such as coastal erosion. The objective of this study is to assess the current condition of mangroves on Bengkalis Island, Riau, Indonesia. The research was conducted in March 2024 across four rivers on Bengkalis Island, with each river containing three research stations: upstream, midstream, and downstream. Data collection involved capturing aerial photos of mangroves using drones over 100 m x 100 m. The photos were analyzed using the supervised image classification method to identify and assess mangrove land cover. A total of 11 mangrove species were identified along the rivers. The most widely distributed species across all locations were Rhizophora apiculata and Xylocarpus granatum. Canopy cover at all research sites was classified as dense, with coverage exceeding 75%. This study provides crucial information about the condition of mangroves on Bengkalis Island, serving as a guideline for future restoration efforts.
Dynamic Modelling Analysis of Vibrio sp. and Plankton Abundance in Intensive Shrimp Pond Ariadi, Heri; Mujtahidah, Tholibah; Tartila, Shobrina Silmi Qori; Azril, Muh.; Ayisi, Christian Larbi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.16465

Abstract

Vibrio sp. and plankton are important microorganisms in shrimp pond ecosystems. The research aims to predict the dynamics of Vibrio sp. and plankton abundance in intensive shrimp pond ecosystems based on causal model analysis. The research method used is an ex-pose facto causal design concept with quantitative descriptive data analysis using causal dynamic modeling. The results showed the water quality in the pond has a high correlation, except Vibrio sp. and alkalinity. In the pond ecosystem 24 genus of plankton from 6 classes. Chlorella sp. is the dominant plankton genus with an abundance of 1.00E+05-4.00E+05 cells/ml. Vibrio sp. abundance in ponds ranged from 1.38E+03 - 1.31E+05 CFU/ml. Based on the results of dynamic modelling, the growth pattern of Vibrio sp. lasted for 30 weeks which was divided into 4 growth phases. The conclusion of this study is that Vibrio sp. will dynamically experience a pure growth rate for 30 weeks with details of the initial growth phase (1-7 weeks), logarithmic growth phase (8-14 weeks), exponential phase (15-21 weeks), and growth declination phase (22-30 weeks). The growth phase of Vibrio sp. has a high degree of similarity to the growth pattern of plankton in the pond water ecosystem correlatively. The novelty of this research lies in the discovery of an estimation model for the abundance of Vibrio sp. and plankton during the shrimp farming cycle. This finding can serve as a fundamental reference for farmers to optimize feeding processes and conduct regular siphoning during the peak abundance of Vibrio sp. and plankton.
Gold Nanoparticles of Lactobacillus kimchicus DCY51T Suppressed Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Inflammatory Reactions in RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells Sukweenadhi, Johan; Han, Yaxi; Jung, Dae-Hyo; Markus, Josua; Kim, Yeon-Ju; Kang, Se-Chan
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.17103

Abstract

Excessive inflammation can lead to chronic diseases, necessitating the development of effective anti-inflammatory therapies. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNps) synthesized using Lactobacillus kimchicus DCY51T, a probiotic strain from Korean kimchi. The objective is to explore the potential of DCY51T-AuNps in modulating inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Methods: AuNps were synthesized through a meticulous procedure involving the probiotic Lactobacillus kimchicus DCY51T. The isolation and subsequent cultivation of the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line in the DMEM medium formed the basis for the research methodology. Results: Following the establishment of the cellular platform, the cells were treated with DCY51T-AuNps, revealing a noteworthy reduction in the expression of key inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). A pivotal aspect of the study focused on the inhibitory effects of DCY51T-AuNps on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of the NF-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway within RAW264.7 cells. Conclusion: This inhibition was instrumental in modulating the inflammatory response, showcasing the potential therapeutic relevance of DCY51T-AuNps in combating inflammation. The novelty lies in using a probiotic-derived synthesis method, offering a sustainable and biocompatible approach to nanoparticle production. The benefit of this research not only underscores the anti-inflammatory prowess of DCY51T-AuNps on RAW264.7 macrophages but also contributes to the broader scientific discourse on the biomedical applications of gold nanoparticles synthesized from probiotic sources, potentially benefiting the development of new anti-inflammatory therapies and advancing nanomedicine.
Insecticidal Activity of Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) Leaf Extracts Against the Darkling Beetle Alphitobius diaperinus  Widiyaningrum, Priyantini; Nur, Wibowo Faria Fadillah; Indriyanti, Dyah Rini; Setiati, Ning
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.18770

Abstract

Alphitobius diaperinus is a well-known insect pest in broiler farms. Larvae and adults of A. diaperinus act as disease vectors for poultry, and their presence has the potential to increase the risk of carcass contamination in slaughterhouses. Chemical insecticide control is still considered ineffective and environmentally unfriendly. Plant-based insecticide formulations offer a more environmentally friendly approach to pest control compared to chemical insecticides. The ethanol extract of Gamal leaves was tested on the darkling beetle A. diaperinus to determine its insecticidal activity. Five pairs of A. diaperinus were treated at five levels of extract concentration and then maintained in an insect container with wheat bran (pollard) food for 5 weeks. The insecticidal efficacy was measured based on the difference in mortality in the toxicity test and the reproductive ability of adult A. diaperinus by counting the number of larvae produced during the rearing period. The results showed that differences in extract concentrations significantly affected toxicity and the number of larvae produced. The more concentrated the extract, the higher the insect mortality, with the estimated LC50 value of the extract being 20.80% concentration within 72 hours. Reproductive ability showed that the higher the concentration of the extract, causing a decrease in the number of larvae produced, with the optimum concentration found in the 80% treatment. Thus, Gamal leaf extract has potential as a botanical insecticide for biological control of A. diaperinus pest.
Halotolerant Phosphat Solubilizing Bacteria from Paddy Saline Soil Eka Oktaviani; Purwanto, Purwanto; Susanti, Retna; Amalia, Dwi Ayu Lutfiana; Leana, Ni Wayan Anik; Oktaviani, Eka; Kurniawan, Ruly Eko Kusuma; Omer, Omer Ahmed Mohamed
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i3.22412

Abstract

Salinity stress on productive rice fields in coastal areas will have a negative impact on productivity through osmotic stress and nutrient deficiencies. Salinity stress causes high levels of Na and Cl in the soil, thus inhibiting phosphate absorption. Utilization of indigenous P-solubilizing bacteria from saline land is an alternative, environmentally friendly technology. The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize P-solubilizing bacteria from saline rice fields. Soil samples were taken from the rice rhizosphere in Nyamplungsari Village, Peraturkan District, Pemalang Regency. Isolation and characterization were carried out at the Agronomy & Horticulture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, UNSOED. The variables observed included P solubility index, P solubilizing ability, IAA production, and bacterial identification using the 16S RNA method. The results of the study obtained 7 isolates of P-solubilizing bacteria that had the ability to solubilize P and produce IAA. Isolate KF is a P-solubilizing bacterium that has the highest P-solubilizing ability and is identified as Priestia megaterium strain NRRL B-350. Priestia megaterium strain NRRL B-350 is a species of P-solubilizing bacteria that has the potential to be developed as a specific biological fertilizer for saline soil to increase the growth and yield of rice plants under saline stress.
Quantitative Literacy-based Laboratory Activity Design on the Effect of Color Spectra on Photosynthetic Rate Ningsih, Kurnia; Yuniarti, Anisyah; Supriatno, Bambang; Faturrahman, Mas Akhbar; Haruno, Mai
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i3.23949

Abstract

The Ingenhousz photosynthesis experiment conducted in schools aims to verify the concept of plants producing oxygen. However, opportunities to develop students’ quantitative literacy and train science process skills (SPSs) remain limited, as photosynthesis experiments commonly employed in schools are predominantly qualitative. This research aimed to develop an alternative photosynthesis laboratory activity design (LAD) based on an analysis of existing LADs to enhance students’ quantitative literacy and SPSs. Using the Research and Development (R&D) method, this research focused on the effect of color spectra on photosynthetic rate—an aspect that presents novelty of this research. The existing LADs were analyzed in terms of relevance, competence, knowledge construction, and practical aspects, resulting in 83.3% (very good), 43.1% (fair), 58.3% (fair), and 55.6% (fair), respectively. The analysis results of these four aspects are the basis for developing the alternative LAD. The alternative LAD was developed and then validated, resulting in a validity value of 0.915, which is categorized as valid. The alternative LAD trial demonstrated that it can collect quantitative data and enhance students’ quantitative literacy and SPSs, with the blue light spectrum producing the highest photosynthetic rate at 0.4 ml/g. The quantitative literacy-based LAD fosters data-driven thinking crucial for future scientific inquiry. This supports cultivating more analytically skilled students equipped to face real-world environmental and scientific challenges.

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