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Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
ISSN : 14114283     EISSN : 26855062     DOI : https://www.doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia is a collection of publication journals, covering all aspects of Pharmaceutical sciences, including Technology of Formulations, Excipients Optimization, Extract and Herbal Standardizations, Pharmacological activity determination on natural sources, Drug Synthesize and Development, Molecular Biology, Antibiotic Screening, Metabolite Profiling and Quantification, Clinical Pharmacy, Health and Environmental issues, published by Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. We look forward to working with pharmaceutical community of researchers as we are intended to serve as a major resource for pharmaceutical information
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 38 Documents
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The Quality of Life Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy and The Factors Affecting It in a Regional Hospital in Gianyar Yuliawati, Agustina Nila; Dewanti, Ni Putu Natasya; Ratnasari, Pande Made Desy
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i2.6914

Abstract

The effects of breast cancer and chemotherapy can impact the quality of life (QOL) of patients. However, QOL can also be influenced by various characteristics directly related to them. This study aimed to analyze the QOL of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and the factors that can affect it. It was cross-sectional study conducted at a hospital in Gianyar, Bali in May-June 2024, with a sample of 135 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, selected using the purposive sampling method. The inclusion criteria required patients to have complete medical records and to agree to participate in the study, while those who did not fully complete the questionnaire were excluded. The research instrument used the EORTC QLQ C-30 and EORTC QLQ BR-23 questionnaires to assess QOL, as well as data collection sheets for personal and clinical information. Data were analyzed using  Spearman's  rho test, Eta test,  and Mann-Whitney U-test, (CI 95%). Findings showed the majority of the respondents were <60 years old (84.4%), female (100.0%), had completed elementary school (46.7%), were employed (56.2%), lived far from health facilities (75.6%), had stage 2 cancer (48.1%), received treatment >3 times per month (51.9%), had no comorbidities (96.3%), underwent a combination of injection and oral chemotherapy (37.8%), and had an average QOL score of 93.2±8.9. Type of chemotherapy and comorbidities correlated with the QOL of the patients (p<0.001), while sociodemographic characteristics did not. Positive support from health workers, family, and the patient's environment was suspected to contribute to a good QOL.
Advances in Antibiotic-Loaded Nanofibers for the Treatment of Bone Infections: A Review Imanto, Teguh; Nonni Soraya Sambudi; Khadijah Zai; Teuku Nanda Saifullah Sulaiman
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i2.6986

Abstract

Antibiotic-loaded nanofiber-based drug delivery systems represent a novel approach to treating complex bone infections, particularly osteomyelitis caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These systems offer localized, sustained drug release, significantly reducing systemic side effects and mitigating the development of antibiotic resistance. This review evaluates advancements in electrospun nanofibers with biodegradable polymers like Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and Polycaprolactone (PCL), which ensure controlled drug release while supporting bone regeneration. A systematic search using PRISMA guidelines across ScienceDirect and ACS Publication databases (2020-2024) identified 42 relevant studies. The inclusion of bioactive agents such as hydroxyapatite in nanofibers was found to enhance antibacterial properties and accelerate tissue regeneration. The review demonstrates that antibiotic-loaded nanofibers offer a promising, targeted therapeutic alternative to conventional treatments, particularly for osteomyelitis and similar challenging bone infections. Future research directions will focus on optimizing nanofiber compositions and functionalities to better meet clinical needs, ensuring more efficient and personalized management of severe bone infections.
Literature Review: Formulation and Characterization of Nanoemulgel for Anticellulite Treatment Ulayya, Hanidya Fidela; Erindyah Retno Wikantyasning
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i2.7157

Abstract

Cellulite, a skin condition characterized by a dimpled, orange-peel appearance, commonly affects the thighs, abdomen, hips, and buttocks. Nanoemulgel, a combined system of nanoemulsion and gel, has gained attention as an effective topical drug delivery system, particularly for lipophilic drugs. This review examines the potential of nanoemulgel formulations in treating cellulite, focusing on their physical characteristics, drug delivery efficiency evaluated through skin penetration and anti-cellulite effects, specifically their ability to inhibit adipogenesis and reduce triglycerides. A total of 5 articles were selected for further review as they met the eligibility criteria, including nanoemulgel formulations containing active ingredients with potential anti-cellulite properties and in vitro or in vivo testing for anti-cellulite effectiveness. The results show that nanoemulgel formulations could be a new way to deliver lipophilic drugs to specific areas of the skin for treating cellulite.
Phytopharmaceutical modification of papaya (Carica papaya) seed extract on sperm quality using self-nano emulsion as contraception potential : Phytopharmaceutical of papaya seed extract self-nano emulsion as contraception Shiyan, Shaum; Nuria , Siti Azzahra; Alzuraiqi, Lutfi Muhammad; Pratiwi, Galih; Nalindra, Wahyu Naga; Aisyah , Jasmine Rani
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i2.7467

Abstract

Carica papaya is known to reduce the quality of spermatozoa in morphology and viability of spermatozoa. Biochemical compound in Carica papaya is unstable and can easily degraded in disgetive track. Formulation of papaya seeds in the form of self-nano emulsion (SNE) is an alternative drug delivery system to increase bioavailability by lipophilic means. The sample consisted of 18 rats which were divided into 3 groups, namely the control group which was not given any treatment; the treatment group which was given papaya seed ethanol extract as much as 100 mg/kgBW and the treatment group which was given papaya seed extract-SNE as much as 100 mg/kgBW, the administration was carried out orally for 28 days. Examination of the quality of rat spermatozoa includes morphology, motility, and viability. Data analysis using One Way ANOVA and Chi-Square test. The results of the analysis showed that the decrease in morphology and viability of spermatozoa was significantly different with a result (p < 0.05) between treatment groups. As for motility, it does not have a significant difference with a result (p > 0.05) between treatment groups.. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the administration of papaya seed ethanol extract and papaya seed SNE extract significantly reduces the quality of spermatozoa in the form of morphology and viability, and does not significantly reduce the motility of Wistar strain white rat spermatozoa.
Perception And Readiness Of Pharmacy Faculty Students in Surakarta Central Java About Interprofessional Education Mutmainah, Nurul; Anisa Rachma Priyastiningrum; Nurus Hasta Rani
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i2.7521

Abstract

Interprofessional Education (IPE) is an important approach in health education to prepare students to work collaboratively in interprofessional teams in clinical practice. This study aims to determine the perception and readiness of Interprofessional Education among students of the Faculty of Pharmacy in Surakarta, Central Java and to determine the factors that influence differences in perception and readiness. This study used descriptive and cross sectional design. The population used was Pharmacy undergraduate students and pharmacist professional students. Sampling using purposive sampling technique. Measurement of perception using the IEPS (Interprofessional Education Perception Scale) questionnaire, while measuring readiness using the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Kruskall Wallis test. Of the 219 respondents, 87.2% were female, 81.2% were undergraduate students, 72.1% had one IPE experience. From the results of measuring perceptions, 96.7% had good perceptions and 3.2% had moderate perceptions. While from the measurement of readiness it was found that 99.5% had high readiness and 0.5% moderate readiness. From the IEPS results, the value of p=0.304 (gender), p=0.909 (student batch) and p=0.699 (IPE experience) was obtained and results on RIPLS obtained a value of p=0.122 (gender), p=0.58 (student batch) and p=0.693 (IPE experience) so it can be concluded that there are no differences in perception and readiness between gender, batch and IPE experience.
Optimization of Microgel Formula Combination of Snail Mucus and Catechin to Accelerate Wound Closure Azizah, Adinda Fayi; Astuti, Ika Yuni; Syarifah, Arini; Kumalasari, Raudia; Agistya, Lusyahaura; Talitarahma, Anindya Tian
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i2.7562

Abstract

Incised wound healing is a crucial process that requires effective treatment solutions. A microgel containing snail mucus and catechin seems a promising approach to accelerate healing and improve recovery outcomes. This study aimed to develop a microgel preparation contain snail mucus (Achatina fulica) and catechin. Formulation design is assisted using the Design Expert SLD method. The optimum formula was achieved with a carbopol to TEA ratio of 1.589:0.411, with estimated values of pH (4.506), viscosity (18,873 cPs), spread ability (5.477 cm), and adhesion (2.068 second). These estimated values showed no significant difference from the actual values obtained in the laboratory experiments. To evaluate the quality of the preparation, in vivo testing was performed on white mice, and the data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. The snail mucus and catechin microgels were proven to be effective in treating deep incision wounds.
Evaluation of Drug Management in the Planning, Procurement, and Distribution Stages at the Hospital Pharmacy Installation Sinaga, Clara Ritawany; Tikes, Roivelisko; Simanullang, Raymon
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 22, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v22i1.6395

Abstract

Pharmacy department is a very important part of the hospital because it is the center of drug management and a source of hospital income. This study aims to determine drug management at the planning, procurement, and distribution stages at the Hospital Pharmacy Installation. This type of research is a descriptive evaluative research with qualitative methods. Data collection was carried out retrospectively on drug management indicators at the planning, procurement, and distribution stages, prospectively by conducting direct interviews and using random sampling methods. Data analysis uses and according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2008, WHO in 1993 and Pudjaningsih in 1996. The validity test used is expert judgment. The results of the study showed that the conformity of drug items with the National Formulary was 18%, the frequency of procurement of each drug item was 5,6x/year, 13% invoice errors, the frequency of delayed payments by the hospital against the specified time was 70%, the level of drug availability was 46 months, the percentage of dead stock was 1%, the compatibility between drugs and stock cards was 100%. This shows that the indicators of drug management at the planning, procurement, and distribution stages are still not efficient, because there are still several indicators that do not comply with the established standards so that improvements need to be made.
Antioxidant Activity Test And Permeability Test of Antioxidant Cream Preparation of 96% Ethanol Extract of Kaffir Lime Fruit Peel (Citrus hystrix) With The Addition of Enhancer Meta Safitri; Syifa Afiatun Nisa; Firdanu Nupus; Mohammad Zaky; Nuriyatul Fathonah
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 22, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v22i1.6880

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity, levels contained in kaffir lime peel extract, and penetration test on the antioxidant cream preparation of kaffir lime peel extract. This research method is experimental with descriptive analysis and SPSS. This extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol and then standardizing the specific and non-specific extracts. The dosage form made is a cream with an extract concentration of 15% and modified enhancer variations F0 (without enhancer), F1 (10% propylene glycol), F2 (10% oleic acid), and F3 (5% propylene glycol and 5% oleate). The cream preparation was tested for physical evaluation of the preparation, % inhibition antioxidant activity using the DPPH technique and permeability test activity using Franz diffusion. The results showed that there were hesperidin levels of 25.34 mg/g, naringin 1.94 mg/g. Physical evaluation tests show that the cream fulfill all appropriate physical requirements, including homogeneity and organoleptic, pH, viscosity, spread ability, stickiness, cream type. The antioxidant activity of vitamins based on the inhibition percentage value is greater when compared to antioxidant cream, namely 41.604. The SPSS test uses One Way Anova, and the permeability test results of the largest cumulative amount and flux value were found in F2 with values ​​respectively 341.983 µg/cm2, 0.928 µg/cm2/minute. It can be concluded that the cream preparation made has antioxidant activity and permeability with the addition of 10% oleic acid enhancer which can influence penetration into the skin.
In Vitro Cholesterol Reduction Activity Test Of 70% Ethanol Extract of Hiyung Cayenne Pepper Fruit (Capsicum frutescens L. var hiyung) Originating from Tapin South Kalimantan Mu'mina Hayati; Rizaldi, Gusti; Saputri, Revita
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 22, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v22i1.7025

Abstract

Kalimantan Island has an endemic plants that holds potential as a medical one of them namely hiyung cayenne pepper fruit (Capsicum frutescens L. var hiyung) the local commodity of Tapin, South Kalimantan and known as the hottest pepper in Indonesia. It containts secondary metabolites and capsaicin that has potential to lower cholesterol. This study aims to identify secondary metabolite compounds and cholesterol-lowering activity of 70% ethanol extract of hiyung cayenne pepper fruit. Cholesterol lowering test was conducted in vitro by cholesterol complex formation method with FeCl3 using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer at maximum wavelength of 525 nm. The results of the phytochemical screening test showed positively contained alkaloids, triterpenoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The result of cholesterol reduction test from concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 µg/mL were 53.62%, 58.30%; 64.19%; 70.02%; and 74.91%, respectively. So, the 70% ethanol extract of hiyung cayenne pepper fruit has the potential to reduce cholesterol with the lowest concentration being able to reduce cholesterol by more than 50%.
The Potential UV-B Filter of Gel Preparation Containing Ethanol Extract of Bidara Arab Leaf (Ziziphus spina-christi) Cultivated in Indonesia Mardhiyani, Dini; Aswatul Ulya; Eni Yanti Wulan Desri; Gendis Purno Yudanti; Muslim Suardi; Vonny Kurnia Utama; Kony Putriani; Isna Wardaniati
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 22, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v22i1.7487

Abstract

Bidara arab leaf (Ziziphus spina-christi) contains flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, and lipids that may act synergistically as natural UV filters. Flavonoids are highlighted for their ability to absorb UVA and UVB light, while other compounds may enhance photoprotection. Previous studies reported that its ethanol extract contains 1.53% flavonoids and exhibits strong antioxidant activity (LC₅₀ = 90.96 ppm). To formulate gel preparations containing Bidara Arab leaf ethanol extract and evaluate their physicochemical properties, sun protection factor (SPF), and photoprotective efficacy against UV-B–induced erythema. The extract was incorporated into gel at concentrations of 2.5% (F1), 5% (F2), and 10% (F3). Physicochemical tests included organoleptic assessment, pH, viscosity, and spreadability. In vitro SPF was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. In vivo testing involved UV-B–irradiated mice, and erythema was scored to assess protection. All gels met standard parameters (pH 5.34–6.51; viscosity 10.352–15.459 cP; spreadability 5.2–5.8 cm). SPF values were 19.26 (F1), 20.22 (F2), and 20.50 (F3), indicating medium UV-B protection. Erythema scores in all extract-treated groups were 0, with erythema areas of 0.50 mm², 0.38 mm², and 0.19 mm², respectively—significantly lower than in the blank gel (3.96 mm²) and untreated control (7.51 mm²) (p<0.01). Bidara arab leaf extract gel (2.5–10%) shows medium SPF protection and effectively prevents UV-B–induced erythema in mice. These findings support its potential as a natural sunscreen agent.

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