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Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
ISSN : 14114283     EISSN : 26855062     DOI : https://www.doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia is a collection of publication journals, covering all aspects of Pharmaceutical sciences, including Technology of Formulations, Excipients Optimization, Extract and Herbal Standardizations, Pharmacological activity determination on natural sources, Drug Synthesize and Development, Molecular Biology, Antibiotic Screening, Metabolite Profiling and Quantification, Clinical Pharmacy, Health and Environmental issues, published by Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. We look forward to working with pharmaceutical community of researchers as we are intended to serve as a major resource for pharmaceutical information
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 38 Documents
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Sunscreen Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Jengkol Leaves (Pithecellobium lobatum Benth.) Ethanolic Extract Normaidah; Fitriana, Mia; Fadlilaturrahmah; Kurniasari, Winda Tri; Izma, Hayatun; Ratnapuri, Prima Happy
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i1.5662

Abstract

Exposure to UV rays can cause several skin problems, such as redness, sunburn, erythema, and ageing. The dangerous effects of UV radiation require more protection of the skin, such as sunscreen. Jengkol leaves (Pithecellobium lobatum Benth.) are a plant that contains phenolic compounds that can absorb UV radiation, so they can act as sunscreens. This study aimed to determine the activity of sunscreen using in vitro methods in the ethanol extract of P. lobatum leaves based on the sun protection factor (SPF),% transmission of erythema (% Te), % transmission of pigmentation (% Tp) and its total phenolic content by UV-vis spectrophotometry. The best sunscreen activity of the ethanolic extract of P. lobatum leaves was at a concentration of 400 ppm with an SPF value of 28.29 ± 0.034 (ultra), % Te and % Tp were included in the sunblock category. The total phenolic content of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of P. lobatum was 394.45 ± 6.40 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram extract (mg GAE/g extract). The ethanolic extract of the Pithecellobium lobatum leaves has great potential as a sunscreen product.
Irritation, Hedonic, and Antioxidant Activity Testing of Sunkist Orange Peel (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Peel-Off Gel Mask Formulation Nofita, Nofita; Sofyan, Shefira; Saputra Yasir, Angga
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i2.3130

Abstract

Sunkist orange peel is a rich source of antioxidants beneficial for skin protection, making it a promising ingredient in cosmetic products like peel-off gel masks. This study investigated the sensory profile, primary irritation index (PII), and antioxidant activity of peel-off gel mask formulations containing Sunkist orange peel extract (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). The extract was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol, with a mean yield of 9.95 ± 1,2 %. Phytochemical analysis identified the presence of polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids. The extract was incorporated into peel-off gel mask formulations and evaluated for quality parameters (organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, and drying speed), sensory characteristics, PII, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. All formulations fulfilled the required quality standards. Sensory evaluation indicated that Formula III (FIII) was the most favored by respondents across all stages of application (before, during, and after use). The irritation index test on 25 volunteers revealed no irritation, with PII values ranging from 0 to 0.4, classifying the preparations as non-irritating. Antioxidant evaluation showed that the peel-off gel with 2% extract exhibited an IC-50 value of 23.38 ppm, categorizing it as a very strong antioxidant. These findings highlight the potential of Sunkist orange peel extract in peel-off gel masks, combining excellent antioxidant properties with favorable sensory and safety profiles. Further optimization may enhance its application in skincare products.
Bibliometric Analysis of Parents' Health Belief Model Study of Vaccine Administration of Covid-19 Handayani, Eka Wuri; Perwitasari, Dyah Aryani; Dermawan Purba, Fredrick; Irham, Lalu Muhammad
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i2.4209

Abstract

A bibliometric analysis was conducted to assess the interest and significance of research on the Health Belief Model. The bibliographical information provides insights into the Health Belief Model concerning parents of children receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. As of January 25, 2023, data for the study were obtained from the Scopus database. Our analysis identified 876 articles with the keywords: Health Belief Model, Parents, and COVID-19 Vaccine. Articles were exclusively selected in English, and the analysis was performed using the R Studio 4.2.2 application for Bibliometric Analysis. China hosts the top five most productive authors, with Peking University contributing the highest number of articles (66 in total). The Vaccines Journal emerges as the primary publisher, while the majority of collaborative research on COVID-19 involves authors from the United States. Frequently used keywords include Human, Female, Male, Adult, COVID-19, and Article. The increasing trend in Health Belief Model articles related to the COVID-19 vaccine from 2020 to 2023 underscores the widespread interest in and appeal of this subject for discussion. Given the study's limitation, including only publications released before January 25, 2023, it is plausible that some more recent publications were unintentionally overlooked.
Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Mango Bud (Mangifera indica L. var. Arum Manis) Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Mulangsri, Dewi Andini Kunti; Nisa, Maurizka Chairun; Sugihartanti, Diana Nuraini; Hidayah, Arini Ulfa
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i2.4697

Abstract

Ethyl acetate extracts of Mangifera indica leaves had chemical constituents such as saponins, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and diterpenes. Purified extract of Mangifera indica leaves had antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. This research aimed to know the antibacterial activity of mango bud (Mangifera indica L. var Arum Manis) against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and their multidrug resistant spesies. Arum manis mango bud simplicia powder was extracted by maceration method used ethyl acetate solvent. This extract tested to flavonoids and alkaloids by qualitative methods. Antibacterial activity used disc diffusion method and the concentration of this extract such as  10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%. Data of antibacterial activity was analyzed by descriptively. Arum manis mango bud extract had antibacterial activity against all of tested bacteria with diameter of zone of inhibition at 6.76 – 12.20 mm. The arum manis mango bud extract contained flavonoids and alkaloids.
Potential of Hydroxysafflor yellow A, the main compound of Kasumba Turate (Carthamus tinctorius ) as Anti-Inflammatory in Lung, Liver and Cardiac Tissues: A Literature Review Hansur, Lismayana; Aras, Dara Ugi; Endah Dwijayanti
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i2.4908

Abstract

Inflammation is the body's physiological response to stimuli such as infection, trauma and chronic disease. Its exacerbation can lead to deterioration in health and damage to tissues in organs such as the lungs, kidneys and liver. The drive behind the development of anti-inflammatory drugs is to improve treatment efficacy and reduce adverse effects. The primary aim of this article is to deliberate on the pharmacological properties of compound from C.tinctorius as an anti-inflammatory agent. Through an extensive study of data we made a literature review of 17 research conducted to unravel the potential of compound from C.tinctorius as an anti-inflammatory agent. The ability of Carthamus tinctorius to alleviate inflammation is demonstrated by its ability to inhibit the activation of the NF-κB pathway and suppress the binding of the TGF-β1 promoter. These molecular processes hold the promise of ameliorating lung injury by attenuating the inflammatory response through suppression of the TLR 4-dependent signalling pathway, thereby improving the health of rats suffering from pulmonary fibrosis, a condition characterised by inflammation and vascular tissue repair. In addition, compounds in C. tinctorius are effective in reducing T lymphocyte (CD4) apoptosis in sepsis through their anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism is also demonstrated by reducing inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 in the lungs, kidneys and liver.
Narrative Review: Extraction and Characterization of Collagen from Various Fish Species Mufidah, Aidatul; Rahayu, Wiranti Sri; Utami, Pri Iswati
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i2.5391

Abstract

Collagen is a significant biomaterial in medical applications because of its unique properties, such as biodegradability and low antigenicity. As a result, collagen has been used in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering. Most commercial collagen is derived from cow skin, pig skin, or chicken waste. These terrestrial animal sources are inappropriate for many religious and ethnic groups, present regulatory and quality control challenges, and might contain contaminants and biological toxins, including BSE (mad cow disease). This review summarizes an overview of recent research conducted from 2014 to 2024 on collagen extraction from fish. Data were retrieved from online publications on the Pubmed database and covered fish collagen, extracts, and characterization. Fish by-products have been shown to be useful for producing collagen that can substitute porcine and bovine sources. Collagen extracted from fish body parts is classified as type 1. Some typical marine collagen characterization methods thats are often used are FTIR and SDSPAGE. Fish by-products have been proven to be valuable to produce collagen which can replace porcine and bovine sources. Fish by-products may be an alternative to the more prevalent collagen extraction methods.
Review Selaginella's Potential for Anticancer amin, Rosa; Faghfirlie; Maryati; Primada Hari Anugrahini, Cita
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i2.5686

Abstract

Selaginella is a popular herbal remedy for its antioxidants, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and chemopreventive properties. Several studies have reported Selaginella's potential as an anticancer and co- chemotherapy agent. This narrative review aims to investigate Selaginella's potential as an anticancer agent and co-chemotherapy with doxorubicin. Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. In total, 27 articles were selected. The results showed that Selaginella extract had cytotoxic activity against cancer cells T47D, MCF-7, A549, LLC, HeLa, Bel-7402, HT-29, 7721, P-388, and NCI- H460. One of the compounds contained and studied its mechanism is amentoflavone. Amentoflavone induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Amentoflavone also inhibited invasion and migration of A549 and HT29 cancer cells. The combination with doxorubicin indicates that Selaginella and amentoflavone extracts could increase the anticancer effects of doxorubicin in vivo by decreasing the tumor volume in the cancer cell-induced animals. These results demonstrate Selaginella's potential as a chemotherapeutic agent to enhance the anticancer effects of doxorubicin. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to have more insights and evidence regarding its activity.
Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Curcumin Content Obtained from E-Commerce Dwi Framono, Indra; Hardani, Prisma Trida; Purbosari, Ira
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i2.6162

Abstract

Among the curcuminoid compounds, curcumin is the dominant component and has promising hepatoprotective activity. Although the curcumin content in turmeric rhizomes varies, it is not less than 3.82%. The pharmacological effectiveness of curcumin is highly dependent on accurate and consistent dosage. Along with the rise of traditional medicine sales through e-commerce, determining curcumin levels is crucial to ensure product safety, efficacy, and quality. This study aims to measure the curcumin content in turmeric capsules obtained from e-commerce using the reversed-phase HPLC method with octadecylsilane stationary phase (C18), mobile phase HPLC grade methanol: 0.5% phosphoric acid (60:40), flow rate 0.8 ml/min with a wavelength of 425 nm. The validation parameters tested were selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ. The results showed that the reversed phase HPLC method has good selectivity with the same Rt value 2.624 and Rs ≥ 1.5 on curcumin standard obtained RS of 1.70 and 1.88 on the sample. The linearity test results obtained an R value of 0.9999 means that it meets the requirements of R > 0.99. The accuracy test with 80% addition is 96.141% ± 0.682, 100% addition is 94.081% ± 5.789 and 120% addition is 94.591% ± 5.723. In the repeatability test % RSD values obtained were 0.789%, 6.153%, and 5.500% respectively, which means that the %RSD < 8% is qualified. In the LOD and LOQ results obtained 0.917 µg/mL and 3.058 µg/mL. Validation of analytical methods in accordance with established requirements. The curcumin content produced in samples that have a BPOM license is higher at 12.757% ± 0.7177 than those that do not have a BPOM license which is 0.187633% ± 0.00583.
The Effect of Banana Pell (Musa paradisiaca L) Ethanol Extract on The Blood Glucose Level of Diabetic Mice with Alloxan Induction Jazilah, Nur; Fifteen Aprila Fajrin; Hidayati, Sholihatil; Usman, Mohammad Rofik
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i2.6555

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to abnormalities in insulin secretion, insufficient insulin hormones, or the inability to use insulin effectively. One of the traditional medicine use with DM is to control their blood glucose levels using herbal plants, namely the banana peel plant (Musa paradisiaca L.) which is rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract banana peel EEBP on glucose levels in mice with alloxan induction. The design of this study was a laboratory experiment, using male white mice (Mus musculus L) Balb/c strain, which were induced with alloxan at a dose of 200 mg/kg.bw. The mice were divided into six groups, namely normal, negative (CMC Na 0.5%), positive (glibenclamide 5 mg/kg.bw), and three groups of EEBP at a dose of 100 mg/kg.bw, 200 mg/kg.bw, and 400 mg/kg.bw. Blood glucose levels were evaluated on day 3 after induction, as well as day 7 and 14 after treatment. Blood glucose level data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by LSD post hoc test with 95% confidence level. The 400 mg/kg.bw dose of banana peel ethanol extract showed the highest percentage reduction in blood glucose levels, namely 65.83% ± 0.800, compared to other doses. Based on LSD statistical test, doses of 200 mg/kg.bw and 400 mg/kg.bw of EEBP showed no significant difference compared to the positive control (p>0.05). The optimal dose for reducing blood glucose levels in DM mice induced by alloxan is the treatment of EEBP in doses of 200 mg/kg.bw and 400 mg/kg.bw
Antioxidant Activity of Peel-off Mask from Pangasius Catfish Gelatin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) with Astaxanthin Yus Nasution, Azlaini; Sari, Novia Novita; Fauzana, Annisa
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v21i2.6665

Abstract

Peel-off face masks are a type of mask that contains elastic materials such as gelatin, making them easy to apply and remove. These peel-off masks are applied to the face by spreading them to form a thin, transparent film layer. Pangasius catfish gelatin serves as the gelling agent in the formulation of the peel-off mask, and astaxanthin is added as an antioxidant. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment with a molecular structure similar to β-carotene, exhibiting stronger antioxidant activity compared to β-carotene in neutralizing free radicals. The purpose of this research is to determine the antioxidant activity of peel-off gel masks made from pangasius catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) gelatin supplemented with astaxanthin using the DPPH method. Astaxanthin extract was used as the active ingredient in the production of the peel-off gel mask, with an astaxanthin extract concentration of 0.5%. The results of the antioxidant activity test for the peel-off gel mask made from pangasius catfish gelatin supplemented with astaxanthin yielded an IC50 value of 7572.84 µg/mL, while the IC50 value for the comparative mask (Brightening lemon blackhead brand) was 5045.74 µg/mL. These results indicate that the mask produced has lower antioxidant activity compared to the comparative masks available in the market.

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