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Arifah Sri Wahyuni
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Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
ISSN : 14114283     EISSN : 26855062     DOI : https://www.doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia is a collection of publication journals, covering all aspects of Pharmaceutical sciences, including Technology of Formulations, Excipients Optimization, Extract and Herbal Standardizations, Pharmacological activity determination on natural sources, Drug Synthesize and Development, Molecular Biology, Antibiotic Screening, Metabolite Profiling and Quantification, Clinical Pharmacy, Health and Environmental issues, published by Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. We look forward to working with pharmaceutical community of researchers as we are intended to serve as a major resource for pharmaceutical information
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 38 Documents
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Mechanism and Target Therapy of Rituximab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Literature Review Listiadewi, Afifah; Suharjono
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 22, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v22i1.8103

Abstract

The malignant condition known as lymphoma affects the lymphoid tissues, bone marrow, and blood. Between 2009 and 2013, the incidence rate of lymphoma in the United States was approximately 22 per 100,000 individuals. Hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia are among the hematologic symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a highly diverse disease. Rituximab (RTU) and other monoclonal antibodies that target β cells are used as off-label therapy for SLE. Rituximab is a human CD20-specific chimeric monoclonal antibody. Rituximab can be utilized as an alternate therapy for SLE in addition to providing treatment for lymphoma. Rituximab has demonstrated positive effects and potential as a treatment for SLE in several clinical trials. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of action of rituximab as a therapeutic agent targeting β cells in patients with SLE. The methodology used in this study is a literature review. The literature retrieval and search strategies were conducted using electronic means. A literature review of seven periodicals was produced by employing keywords to retrieve scientific material using the Boolean approach. Rituximab depletes and inhibits the activation of β cells in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus by binding to the Fc gamma IIβ receptor on both β cells and macrophages.
Antioxidant and Total Phenolic Testing of Ethanolic Extract of Lime and Kaffir Lime Peel Waste and Peel Off Mask Formulation Laili Nailul Muna; Erna Wulandari; Farhatul Uyun; Enny Riyan Hasni
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 22, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v22i1.8421

Abstract

The use of synthetic ingredients in cosmetics causes many side effects such as premature aging, skin irritation, acne, blackheads and so on. So it is necessary to develop cosmetics from natural ingredients, such as using citrus waste to make peel-off masks. Development of peel-off mask preparations using active ingredients from kaffir lime peel and lime peel waste which have antioxidant activity and total phenolic content.   The preparation of peel-off masks from citrus peel waste was carried out by extracting phenolic compounds from citrus peels using the maceration method with ethanol solvent and continued by formulating peel-off mask preparations with PVP and PVA bases.   Furthermore, the peel off mask preparation was tested which included organoleptical, pH, adhesion, spreadability and viscosity tests. The method used to analyze the total phenolic content using Folin Ciocalteau method, while the antioxidant activity analysis was tested with DPPH method. The results of this study showed that the measurement of total phenolic content by Folin Ciocalteau method resulted in a value of 862.05 µg/ml per 1000µg of extract, while the measurement of antioxidant activity by DPPH method using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 515.5 nm amounted to 63.13 µg/ml with a positive control of vitamin C of 50.17 µg/ml. The peel off mask developed has good physical properties with the value of the preparation obtained pH 6, the value of spreadability 10.35 ± 0.41 grams.cm/s, the value of stickiness 8.00 ± 0.00 seconds, the value of viscosity 2,110.07 ± 83.97 cPa.
Antibiotics in Children with Pneumonia: a Review Kurniasih, Fatimah Intan; Hanifah, Suci
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 22, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v22i1.8491

Abstract

Pneumonia is one of the most common infections in children; at the same time, it's also a case that consumes lots of days in hospitals with antibiotics. Essentially, antibiotics are medicines that specifically combat infection produced by bacteria, turning out to be some of the important discoveries in the entire history of medicine. This review aims to analyze the types of sensitive and resistant antibiotics in the management of pneumonia in children. Antibiotic resistance is one of the most dangerous health hazards facing the global community, which has grave consequences economically. The literature search in this study is adopted from both Google Scholar and PubMed. While on Pubmed, the keyword used includes "pneumonia", "antibiotics", "children", "PICU"; on Google Scholar, the word used is antibiotics, pneumonia, pediatric, and intensive care joined by using "AND" or "OR". The inclusion criteria in this literature search include published literature within less than 10 years, between 2014 and 2024; antibiotic articles on use scheme in the PICU; literatur of pneumonia in pediatric; and study review about bacterial type examinations. Thus, other articles were excluded that did not represent any empirical data regarding the study of antibiotics, or those that focused only on one kind of antibiotic sine the contextualization of its usage design. From the outcome of the review, the following bacteria types have been identified to be present in pneumonia patients: M. pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and K. pneumoniae. Tetracycline and fluoroquinolone groups are effective choices of antibiotic classes. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a common bacteria in pneumonia patients with CAP, is resistant to macrolides, leading to the recommendation of combination therapy or tetracycline antibiotics. Meropenem, widely used in VAP patients, is now limited and recommended for other types.
Cost Analysis of Inpatient Stroke Treatment at Panembahan Senopati Bantul Regional General Hospital Based on INA-CBG's tariff in 2023 Hadning, Ingenida; Mouretha, Vrizca; Viviandhari, Daniek; Kusumaningtyas, Triana Arum
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 22, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v22i1.8551

Abstract

Stroke in Yogyakarta has the second highest prevalence rate in Indonesia, which requires long-term care and rehabilitation at a high cost. Stroke patients treated in classes 1, 2 and 3 are known to have experienced an increase in INA-CBG rates based on Minister of Health Regulation Number 3 of 2023. However, some hospitals often experience discrepancies between actual costs and INA-CBG's rates. Therefore, this study is the first to assess the cost of inpatient stroke treatment using the INA-CBG's tariff based on the Minister of Health Regulation Number 3 of 2023. This study aims to determine the average actual cost, the appropriateness of the average actual cost, and the difference in actual costs at a Regional General Hospital according to the INA-CBG's tariff in 2023. The research method used an observational design with a cross-sectional approach and retrospective data collection on stroke patients hospitalized from January to September 2023. Data were analyzed using the descriptive analysis method and one sample t-test if the data were normally distributed and the Wilcoxon test if the data were not normally distributed. Based on the study's results, it is known that the average actual cost does not exceed the INA-CBG tariff, so the hospital is profitable.
Evaluation of Calcium and Protein Content in Powder and Gummy Candy from Anchovy Extract (Stolephorus commersonnii) Hermawati, Ema; Ismyama, Dian Farida; Handayani, Marybet Tri Retno
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 22, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v22i1.10541

Abstract

Anchovies (Stolephorus commersonnii) are a good source of calcium and protein. Intake of these nutrients is associated with child height. According to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia's Nutrition Status Study Report, the prevalence of stunting among Indonesian children in 2022 was 21.6%, which is still higher than the World Health Organization's (WHO) standard of <20%. This study aims to optimize the formulation of anchovy extract gummy candies that meet quality standards and contain high levels of calcium and protein. Anchovy powder contains 328.64 mg/kg of calcium, 28.46% protein, 0.12% ash, and 5.3% moisture. The anchovy extract was prepared using the maceration method with a 70% ethanol solvent. Four gummy candy formulations were made based on variations in anchovy extract concentration: 10%, 7.5%, 3%, and 1.5%. Formulation 4 (F4) with 1.5% anchovy extract produced the best physical quality, with a standard deviation (SD) of <5% for the weight uniformity test. The organoleptic test results for F4 are as follows: the anchovy taste is mild, the color is dark purple, the smell is slightly aromatic, the shape is consistent with the mold, and the texture is chewy. F4 gummy candies contain 1,490.64 mg/kg of calcium, 27.49% protein, 9.17% ash, and 3.96% moisture.  A serving size of one gummy (1.5 g) contains 2.24 mg of calcium, 0.41 g of protein, 0.06 g of total fat, 0.07 g of carbohydrates, 0.55 g of sugar, and 4.18 mg of sodium. F4 meets quality standards and is high in calcium and protein.
Antioxidant Activity of DPPH and ABTS Methods, from Jackfruit Leaf Extract and Fraction (Artocarpus heterophyllus) with ELISA Reader Subekti, Istiara; Sujono, Tanti Azizah; Suhendi, Andi
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 22, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v22i1.10549

Abstract

Oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of free radicals is a key factor in the development of degenerative diseases. Jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus), which are rich in polyphenolic compounds, have the potential as natural antioxidants. This study aims to activate the antioxidant activity of jackfruit leaf extracts and fractions. The study was conducted by extraction using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent and fractionated by vacuum liquid chromatography into polar, semi-polar and non-polar fractions. Antioxidant activity was measured in vitro, using 3 methods including DPPH, ABTS and FRAP which were read with an ELISA Reader with vitamin C as the reference standard. The results showed that the crude extract had strong antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 31.93 µg/mL (DPPH) and 29.59 µg/mL (ABTS), as well as the highest antioxidant equivalent ascorbic acid (AEAC) levels in the FRAP test. The polar fraction showed moderate antioxidant activity, while the semi-polar and non-polar fractions showed weak activity. These findings suggest that polar compounds such as flavonoids and phenolics play a role in the antioxidant effects of jackfruit leaves. In conclusion, jackfruit leaf extract and its polar fractions have significant antioxidant activity and show promise for further development as natural antioxidant agents in nutraceutical formulations aimed at preventing oxidative stress-related diseases.
The Relationship Between Rational Antibiotic Use and Theurapeutic Outcomes in Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia Fortuna, Tista Ayu; Nuraini, Filla Rizky; Karuniawati, Hidayah
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 22, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v22i1.11678

Abstract

Pneumonia is an infection caused by microorganisms. Antibiotics are one of the treatments given to patients with pneumonia caused by bacterial infections. Rational use of antibiotics will prevent resistance. This study aims to determine the relationship between the rationality of antibiotic use and therapeutic outcomes in community-acquired pneumonia patients. We used a cross-sectional study and retrospectively collected data using purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria are non-ICU community pneumonia patients have complete medical record data, while the exclusion criteria are patients who died or had other infections. We evaluated the rationality of antibiotics using the Gyssens method. Based on the results, there are 240 patients, with 210 patients receiving rational therapy and 30 patients receiving irrational antibiotics. Based on the results, 6 patients did not receive antibiotics on time, 4 patients received the wrong dose, 2 patients did not get the correct interval, 16 patients received a dose that was too short, and 2 patients were prescribed alternative antibiotics that were more effective. The results of the analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between the rationality of antibiotic use and the therapeutic outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia patients (p-value < 0.001; OR 14.36).
Nothopanax scutellarium: Natural Hair Growth Plant Wijianto, Diski Wahyu; Wahyuni, Arifah Sri; Sukmawati, Anita; Bakar, Fazleen Izzany Abu
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Volume 22, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v22i1.11693

Abstract

Hair plays an important role in supporting appearance and self confidence, but problems with hair loss and slow hair growth still often occur; Mangkokan leaves (Nothopanax scutellarium) are known to contain flavonoids such as quercetin which can stimulate hair growth through various mechanisms, and nanoemulsion formulations have been shown to increase the absorption of these active compounds, so this study aims to examine the effectiveness of mangkokan leaves on hair growth through a systematic review based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines with a literature search until November 16, 2024 in the Emerald Publishing, SpringerLink, EBSCO, Cochrane, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed databases, of the 68 articles found, only 5 studies met the inclusion criteria after screening, and the results showed that the formulation of mangkokan leaves in the form of ethosomal gel or phytosome lotion at a concentration of 25% was most effective in stimulating hair growth with a mechanism involving the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to increase blood supply to follicles, regulation of nitric oxide (NO) balance and decreased inflammation by quercetin, inhibition of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase to reduce dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels, as well as increasing the expression of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which overall support the extension of the anagen phase (active hair growth phase) and improve hair health, so that mangkokan leaves have high potential as an active ingredient in hair care products, although further research is still needed to ensure their long-term safety and effectiveness.

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