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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2745455X     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/ijpther.10147
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy (IJPTher ) is a scientific journal which published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI). IJPTher is an open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal published three Issues a year. IJPTher aims to communicate high-quality articles in the fields of pharmacology. IJPTher publishes original articles, review articles, case reports and book reviews in the fields of pharmacology including basic pharmacology, clinical pharmacology, pharmacotherapy, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, pharmacoeconomic, toxicology and toxicogenomics.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 107 Documents
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Pharmacogenomic of warfarin and its implication on international normalized ratio and dosing: A narrative review Wicaksono, Agil Wahyu; Selma Mutiara Hani
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 5 No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.4712

Abstract

Genotype is an important factor in warfarin dosing requirements and affects the risk of excess anticoagulant use due to its narrow treatment window, high drug interactions, and frequent bleeding. The CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes have a strong and consistent association with warfarin dose requirements, and the algorithms of dosing incorporating genetic and clinical information are stable warfarin dose predictions. The review article aimed to investigate the association between the genotype of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 and the current relevant dosing recommendations for warfarin in various patients. The secondary purpose was to correlate genotype with the international normalized ratio (INR). It was a narrative review of the most recent reference (observational, trial study, and RCT) on the clinical application of pharmacogenomic testing for warfarin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and its impact on INR over the last 5 yr from the PubMed and SAGEPub databases. Six studies were included in this review and showed how the genetic polymorphisms and dosage responses of different groups differed. Pharmacogenetic algorithms meet non-inferior and superior criteria for reducing dose titration compared to traditional dosing approaches, and predict actual maintenance doses well. Bleeding mostly occurred in the first mo of treatment, with no significant difference in the frequency of total bleeding between groups. Genotype-based dosing of warfarin increased the proportion of time in the therapeutic INR range (% TTR) and reduced the time to reach a therapeutic INR. Administration of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes based on warfarin may be beneficial in patients with atrial fibrillation, mechanical valve replacement, and bleeding prophylaxis for hip or knee arthroplasty. Stable warfarin doses were achieved in statistically more patients in the genotype-targeted group (47%) than in the traditional group (22%).
Total flavonoid content and analgesic activity of ethyl acetate fraction of Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana lamk) leaves Tenda, Priska Ernestina; Fatmawati Blegur; Lely A.V Kapitan
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 3 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.4894

Abstract

Indian jujube leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk) have various potential biological activity. Previous studies have proven that ethanol extracted from Indian jujube (Z. mauritiana Lamk) leaves had analgesic activity. This study aimed to determine the total flavonoid content and analgesic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of Indian jujube (Z. mauritiana Lamk) leaves ethanol extract. Tested fraction was prepared by maceration using ethanol as solvent followed by fractionation using ethyl acetate. Identification of active compounds was performed using color reaction, and determination of total flavonoids by colorimetric method. Ethyl acetate fraction was further tested for its analgesic activity using the writhing method. Swiss-Webster white male mice were divided into 5 treatment groups consisting of negative control contained sodium-CMC, positive control contained sodium diclofenac, while groups 3-5 were given ethyl acetate fraction of Indian jujube (Z. mauritiana Lamk) leaves with doses of 50, 150, and 200 mg/kg BW. All interventions were administered as a single oral dose. 0.7% (w/v) acetic acid was used as a pain inducer. Analgesic activity was measured by calculating the percentage of writhing protection as a measure of the analgesic effect produced by each intervention. The data were analyzed using one-way Anova to compare analgesic activity between treatment groups. Results showed that ethyl acetate fraction of Indian jujube (Z. mauritiana Lamk) leaves at doses of 50, 150, and 200 mg/kg BW gave an effect that was not significantly different from sodium diclofenac as positive control. The ethyl acetate fraction of Indian jujube (Z. mauritiana Lamk) leaves ethanol extract contained flavonoids, saponin, and tannins with total flavonoid content of 22.41 ± 1.16% w/w. It can be concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction of Indian jujube (Z. mauritiana Lamk) leaves have analgesic activity in mice.
Comparison between metformin and glibenclamide as antidiabetic oral in gestational diabetes mellitus: a review Ridhayani, Firda; I Dewa Agung Ayu Diva Candraningrat; Ilmi Nurhafizah; Karina Nurlitasari; Mardiana Siregar
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 4 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.5867

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most frequent clinical complications during pregnancy that affects up to 6% of women with pregnancies around the world. Gestational diabetes mellitus treatment used insulin as first-line therapy. In addition, several professional associations are also considering treatment using antidiabetic oral which has equivalent efficacy compared with insulin. However, many oral antidiabetic recommendations have been administered to treat GDM, including metformin and glyburide or glibenclamide. This article’s review aims to compare the usage between metformin and glyburide or glibenclamide in GDM patients. This review compared research results from PubMed as literature resources and the PRISMA flow chart as the protocol for the article selection process. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria there are six research articles that are appropriate to the article’s topic and aim. Metformin is superior compared with glyburide or glibenclamide administration as antidiabetic oral in GDM. Metformin showed a significant effect in lowering preprandial and postprandial glucose level, elevating insulin sensitivity, while glibenclamide administration decreased dynamic pancreatic β-cell responsivity significantly and had a higher risk compared with insulin and metformin.
Adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) in health workers who receive COVID-19 vaccination at Academic Hospital Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta Lestari, Ade Febrina; Sitaresmi, Mei Neni; Haspitaningrum, Anjarsari; Rachmasari, Kusuma Ayu; Wulandari, Ratih; Sari, Shinta Kusumalarna; Ridhayani, Firda
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 4 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.6860

Abstract

COVID-19 is a new viral infection that has become a global pandemic, resulting in extremely high mortality and morbidity rates worldwide, including in Indonesia. Vaccination is one of the strategies for preventing COVID-19 infection promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The Indonesian government supports the implementation of vaccination and conducts mass vaccination as a strategy to overcome the pandemic in Indonesia. The high immunization coverage resulted in increased use of vaccines, and events following immunization (AEFI) also increased. Reports on follow-up AEFI are needed as government policy references and information for the public. This study aims to describe the following events after the COVID-19 vaccine immunization and the incidence of the infection post vaccination. The study design was a cross-sectional study using primary and secondary data. The data were analyzed descriptively and statistically using Chi Square method by identifying association between demographic data and AEFI incidence. A total 131 respondents were included. Most respondents experienced AEFI after giving the first (77.1%) or second (71.9%) vaccine with the Sinovac vaccine. However, all reported mild AEFI. Most reported AEFIs were pain (48.8% and 49.6%), hungry (37.4% and 10.0%), and drowsiness (32.1% and 23.7%) after the first and the second vaccine. In conclusion, the prevalence of AEFI in the first and the second dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine is higher than that reported in the clinical trial study although the all AEFIs are considered as mild.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma post total thyroidectomy: a case report Darwito; Ardha, Doglas Rama Bayu; Sari, Ika Puspita; Ridhayani, Firda
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 4 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.6980

Abstract

Thyroid malignancies are considered rare but it is the most common type of endocrine malignancy that increase rapidly over the past decades. Specifically, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in the pyramidal lobe is extremely rare. Herein, we described a case of recurrence case of PTC in the pyramidal lobe post total thyroidectomy with category VI T2N1M1 (Bethesda classification) with right neck lymph nodes metastasis at once and attempt to determine both clinical presentation and therapeutical strategies to overcome this case to diminish the possibility of tumor recurrence and optimize therapeutic outcomes for PTC recurrence. It was reported a 28 yo female with a diagnosis of PTC from the pyramidal lobe post-total thyroidectomy procedure. A definite diagnosis of PTC is important to understand the patient's condition and as a consideration to decide the appropriate procedure to cure it. The management of PTC with total thyroidectomy followed by removing the possible root source of recurrent PTC, such as the pyramidal lobe, is mandatory to minimize the residual thyroid tissue that dan influenced PTC recurrent. Even though almost all PTC has an excellent prognosis, periodic follow-up after surgery, and patients’ adherence to their medication are still required.
Safety monitoring of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients in Indonesia on QT prolongation: hospital based monitoring study Jarir At Thobari; Togi Junice Hutadjulu; Tri Asti Isnariani; Umi Sa'adatun Nikmah; Lukman Ade Chandra; Pompini Agustina Sitompul; Anggoro Budi Hartopo; Rizki Amalia Gumilang; Luhur Pribadi; Deva Bachtiar; Anwar Santoso
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 4 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.7148

Abstract

Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are the challenging drugs used for COVID-19. Several studies show its beneficial, however, both medications can prolong the QTc interval and increase the risk of patients for torsades de pointes and death. The Tisdale score is identified to have successfully predicted the at-risk population of side effects of these drugs. This study aim to evaluate the QT prolongation caused by the administration of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients and the association with the treatment outcomes based on their Tisdale score. We conducted an observational study on 213 hospitalized patients with confirmed or suspect COVID-19 in 6 referral hospitals in Indonesia. All baseline demographic such as age and gender, RT-PCR test result, severity of disease, history of cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypertension), serum kalium level at baseline, and the use of medication associated with risk QTc interval prolongation were collected. The Tisdale risk score was used for predicting high-risk patients for QT corrected (QTc) interval prolongation. Out of 213 patients who were treated with CQ/HCQ, there were 60 (28.2%) patients had QTc interval prolongation, included 43 patients (20.2%) who had normal QTc interval at baseline and at the end of treatment had prolong interval; or 17 patients (8.0%) who had QTc interval more than 470 msec at baseline and QTc interval prolongation was worsen at the end of treatment. Several factors, including age more than 50 years, COVID-19 confirm PCR, and had comorbidity heart failure, were statistically significant associated with QTc interval prolongation. The high-risk score of Tisdale score have increased risk significantly on QTc interval prolongation (RR: 2.15, 95%CI 1.07-4.32) and associated with risk of death (RR: 3.50, 95%CI 1.34-9.13) compared to low-risk score. Our findings showed that the treatment of CQ/HCQ in COVID-19 patients is associated with QTc prolongation. The Tisdale score can be used as a valuable tool to predict the COVID-19 patients’ outcome after treatment of these QTc-prolonging drugs.
The potency of kitolod leaves (Hipobroma longiflora) as traditional medicine for conjunctivitis during the COVID-19 pandemic: a brief review Yuliana; Ni Made Ersi Dwitami Barsua; Made Wulan Virgioni Putri; I Nyoman Satya Mahayana Putra
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 4 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.7542

Abstract

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, most activities have transformed into digital ones, including computer usage. The digital screen on the computer has blue light radiation which can activate inflammatory cytokines of the eye surface and cause various disorders including includes conjunctivitis. Kitolod leaves (Hippobroma longiflora) have been used traditionally to treat conjunctivitis. This paper aimed to describe the potency of kitolod leaves for conjunctivitis. This is a narrative literature review using publications gathering from PubMed and Google Scholar published since 2013 with exclusion criteria were the animal studies. The keywords of COVID-19 pandemic, blue light, conjunctivitis, H. longiflora, traditional therapy were used. Boolean logic "AND" was used to find specific international scientific publications in PubMed. Forty selected publications were gathered, summarized and then narrated. The kitolod leaves contains bioactive substances i.e. flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins which can inhibit S. aureus growth as the main cause of conjunctivitis. The mechanism of antibacterial of these bioactive substances through inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, disruption of cytoplasmic membrane function, and inhibition of energy formation process. Kitolod leaves is potential to develop as traditional medicine for conjunctivitis. However, further studies are required to obtain the best standardized extract and to evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety.
Prevalence and factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure in dialysis patients using antihypertensive: a narrative review Pulungan, Yulianasari; Nugroho, Agung Endro; Pramantara, I Dewa Putu
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 4 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.7768

Abstract

Hypertension in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis is difficult to control leading to a significant risk factor for a cardiovascular event. The aimed of this review is to summarize the prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure in dialysis patients. This review hopefully can serve as a valuable reference and source of insight for clinicians in their efforts to attain controlled blood pressure in dialysis patients. The relevant literatures was undertaken from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies addressing the factor associated with uncontrolled blood pressure in hemodialysis patients using antihypertensives from 2013 to 2023. Combinations of search terms were "uncontrolled" and "blood pressure" and "dialysis" and "antihypertensive”. Any study in English, including randomized control trials, cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies was included. Uncontrolled blood pressure is very common among hypertension in dialysis patients (28.7 - 78.33% of cases). Factors affecting blood pressure in dialysis patients include age, obesity, and comorbidity (diabetes and stage of chronic kidney disease). Although the relationship between gender, the number of antihypertensive, the number of dialysis, and the length of dialysis sessions with blood pressure varies, some studies have shown a positive association.
Early drug-induced hepatotoxicity in newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients on ARV therapy: A retrospective follow-up study of liver function profiles Chandra, Lukman Ade; Subronto, Yanri Wijayanti; Thobari, Jarir At
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 4 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.7817

Abstract

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a primary therapeutic modality for managing individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, and its efficacy has been established. However, the safety profiles of ART need to be continually monitored, including early elevated liver function test (LFT) after antiretroviral (ARV) initiation. This study aimed to assess the incidence of abnormal LFT among HIV-positive patients receiving initial ARV and to identify factors associated with abnormal LFT. A retrospective cohort study without a control group summarised medical records from Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta between January 2014 and December 2021. The study subjects were adult HIV patients taking their first ARV and underwent follow-up visits for at least two weeks. Study outcomes were LFT levels, abnormal LFT, and factors associated with abnormal LFT during follow-up visits at 2 wk, 6 mo, and 12 mo. Univariate and multivariate analyses will be performed with a significance level of p<0.05. A total of 137 subjects with 203 visits were retrieved from medical records. The subjects' mean age was 33.4 years, predominantly male, younger, unmarried, in the early stage of HIV infection, and without comorbidities. The findings showed a significant increase in alanine transaminase (ALT) at all three follow-up visits: 2 wk (p=0.02), 6 mo (p=0.003), 12 mo (p=0.001) and an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) after 6 mo (p=0.007) and 12 mo (p=0.04). Abnormal LFT levels (AST and/or ALT) were observed in 23.4% of patients after a normal baseline, with ALT increase being more common. Furthermore, homosexuality was identified as a significant independent factor associated with abnormal LFT (AOR=3.1; 95% CI 1.27-7.51; p=0.01). The findings indicate exceptionally elevated LFT levels and the occurrence of abnormal LFTs among HIV-positive patients initiating ARVs. The increase in abnormal LFTs was significantly associated with patients identifying as homosexual, where hepatitis co-infection may be a contributing factor. The limited study design and measured variables warrant further investigation.
Improving hospital formulary drug decision making with multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA): case study from a national government hospital in Indonesia Kristin, Erna; Bustami, Mursyid; Pinzon, Rizaldy Taslim; Alfi Yasmina; Susanto, Agnes; Febrinasari, Ratih Puspita
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 4 No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.7932

Abstract

This study aimed to look at the applicability of the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework to improve hospital formulary drug decision-making. The case study method was used to investigate MCDA implementation in the National Brain Center Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia. A two stage-workshop was held on October 29th, 2019 and 5 February 5th, 2020, where participants conducted a hands-on experience in applying MCDA for selecting off-patent pharmaceuticals (OPPs) for the hospital formulary. The results of the workshop created awareness of MCDA that can be beneficial in transparently selecting OPP, which is not based only on price while involving multiple stakeholders. As a follow-up, MCDA was used during the drug selection process for the National Brain Center Hospital formulary in 2021 with criteria in accordance with the workshops, namely: 1) equivalence with the reference (originator) product; 2) real-world clinical or economic outcomes; 3) quality assurance; 4) reliability of drug supply; 5) stability and drug formulation; 6) pharmacovigilance, and 7) price advantages. In conclusion, the MCDA method can be implemented with customized criteria and weighting based on hospital needs to help with drug selection for the hospital formularies.

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