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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 19, No. 5" : 15 Documents clear
The Correlation of Age with Thrombocytes and D-Dimer Values in COVID-19 Patients at Hospital X in Jakarta, Indonesia Prasetyoningsih, Nanik; Gani, Ascobat
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, spread globally, with research indicating that prognosis severity can be assessed by thrombocyte and D-dimer levels; while, patient age serves as a mortality predictor. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between age with thrombocytes and D-dimer in COVID-19 patients. This cross-sectional study used laboratory testing samples from 667 COVID-19 patients at Hospital X in Jakarta, Indonesia, collected from August 2020 until May 2021. The data was collected using cluster random sampling and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi square test (95% CI). The results showed that age and thrombocytes positively correlated with the D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients (p-value
Systematic Review of Factors Related to PM2.5 Exposure on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Salma, Rifka Putri; Fitria, Laila
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in many countries, and most of them are type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Air pollution is thought to contribute to the T2DM incidence, and one of the most important pollutants is PM2.5. This study aimed to determine factors related to PM2.5 exposure and individual factors in increasing the risk of T2DM based on a systematic review. The PRISMA was used as a method of data collection and selection. Of 176 relevant articles identified and screened, 12 articles from various countries published in 2013-2021 were synthesized in this study. Results showed that long-term PM2.5 exposure, high PM2.5 concentrations, and living in densely-populated areas, close to roads, and in areas with industrial activity could increase the risk of T2DM. Population with an older age (>40 years) and a BMI of overweight or obese were more vulnerable. However, men and persons who stopped or never smoked were also at higher risk; thus, further studies need to be carried out along with other risk factors. A future study is recommended to determine the effects of PM2.5 exposure on the incidence of T2DM in Indonesian populations.
Ambient Particulate Matter with Blood Pressure in Adult Women Living in Urban City Aliyyah, Nurusysyarifah; Kusnoputranto, Haryoto; Wispriyono, Bambang; Fitria, Laila
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Abstract

Ambient air pollution, especially from fine particles, contributes to human mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, for which high blood pressure (BP) is a major modifiable risk factor. This study aimed to analyze the influence of ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) on the risk of high BP leading to hypertension. This study used a cross-sectional design on 118 adult women living in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Participants were selected from a 1-km radius of the nearest air quality monitoring station with available data PM2.5. Linear regression was analyzed to examine the relationship between PM2.5 and systolic and diastolic BPs adjusted for potential confounders. The annual means of PM2.5 concentration was 36±5.74 μg/m3. The linear regression model showed that PM2.5 exposure was associated with systolic BP after controlling with age and body mass index (r = 0.408; R2 = 0.167). The second model showed that exposure to PM2.5 concentration could explain about 10.9% variation of diastolic BP after controlling with age, length of stay, body mass index, smoking status, and diabetes mellitus record. Ambient air PM2.5 has a risk of BP and hypertension among adult women in Central Jakarta.
Health and Environmental Pollution: A Literature Review Yuniarti, Elsa; Exposto, Levi Anatolia S.M.; Dewata, Indang; Nugraha, Fitra Arya Dwi; Alfitri, Alfitri
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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This study aimed to review various studies focusing on pollution that could adversely affect health, including sources, types, and mitigation efforts. The data used were obtained through a search on the Scopus website using the keywords "Health" AND "Pollution" from 2016 to 2023. Using these two keywords, 72 titles and abstracts of papers were successfully found. The results of this literature review were then analyzed with the assistance of NVivo 12 Pro, which grouped the findings based on their impact on health, reasons for pollution, types of pollution, and preventive measures. It was identified that the most common disease was respiratory disorder. One of the leading causes was vehicle combustion, emitting carbon monoxide due to the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, such as petroleum and natural gas. This study also revealed that the dominant focus of those studies was on air and water pollution. These studies also indicated that solutions to pollution-causing diseases generally include using renewable fuels, waste management, public health literacy, and adopting electric vehicles.
Capitation Management Through Performance-Based Capitation Mechanism of Primary Health Care in Malang, Indonesia Purnamasari, Ayu Tyas; Ningrum, Herlinda Dwi; Ardhiasti, Anggi; Zahroh, Asri Hikmatuz
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Abstract

Primary health care (PHC) has one of the largest funding sources, capitation, which BPJS Healthcare Security transfers monthly. Capitation fund receipts were frequently insufficient due to failure to meet performance-based capitation/Kapitasi Berbasis Kinerja (KBK) targets, including for PHC in Malang City, Indonesia. This study aimed to examine the management and utilization of capitation funds through a KBK mechanism. This descriptive study used a qualitative approach supported by quantitative data. This study was conducted from July to August 2023 and purposely selected nine informants from BPJS Healthcare Security, the local health office, and PHC. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Three themes were identified from data analysis: revenue allocation, utilization allocation, and budget expenditure appropriateness. The use of capitation follows the Mayor's regulations, which allocate service and operational costs. However, remaining capitation funds always occur due to unavoidable conditions. Separating accounts between capitation and other funding sources is necessary to track capitation utilization. Therefore, BPJS Healthcare Security needs to participate in capitation reporting and monitoring.
Environmental Health Risk Analysis of SO2 and NO2 in Kemiri Muka Village, Depok City, Indonesia Aulia, Nuansa Dwika; Hartono, Budi
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Kemiri Muka is a village in Beji Subdistrict, Depok City, Indonesia. Based on a preliminary survey conducted in one of the neighborhood units of Kemiri Muka Village, the residential had a high density of houses and was close to traditional markets, toll roads, the main road of Depok City, and landfills. This caused the air quality in the village area to decline. This study aimed to analyze risks to public health and the environment from exposure to toxic substances, SO2 and NO2, which are high in the air due to transportation on the highway and population density. The sample from this study consisted of three age groups: 15 adults, 3 school-age children, and 5 toddlers. This study used the Environmental Health Risk Analysis to analyze the data. Based on the results, the risk quotient (RQ) of non-carcinogenic effects by exposure to inhalation of chemical agents, NO2 and SO2, were also included in safe risk because all RQ values were
Economic Loss of Leptospirosis: Is It Still Appropriate to be Tropical Neglected Zoonosis Disease? Nugraheni, Wahyu Pudji; Lestyoningrum, Sinta Dewi; Ristiyanto, Ristiyanto; Putro, Wahyu Gito; Pawitaningtyas, Indah; Nuraini, Syarifah; Putri, Linta Meyla; Faisal, Debri Rizki; Noveyani, Adhista Eka; Mikrajab, Muhammad Agus
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Leptospirosis is a tropical endemic disease that can reduce the productivity of sufferers. However, research on economic and productivity losses due to leptospirosis is rare. This study aimed to determine economic and productivity losses due to leptospirosis in the Banyumas District, Indonesia, as an endemic area. This study used a cross-sectional design and quantitative methods conducted in October 2022. Secondary data of medical records and billing information from 73 inpatients receiving treatment at a Public Hospital in the Banyumas District from February 2021 to September 2022 obtained from the hospital’s archives were used. This study examined the actual costs (direct and indirect costs) of treatment, average length of stay, and patient characteristics. Statistical tools were carried out to check the results. The results showed that over half of leptospirosis patients used insurance with an economic loss of USD 289.64 and a productivity loss value of USD 388,499. Patients infected with leptospirosis vary in age. Leptospirosis results in loss of patient productivity during treatment. Increasing prevention and control to prevent deaths and economic burdens on society and local governments is proposed to local governments.
Exercise to Improve Asthma Control and Lung Function in Stable Asthma: An Evidence-based Case Report Romdhon, Abdul Rois; Abraham, Andre Thadeo; Damayanti, Triya
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with respiratory symptoms that vary over time and intensity. Exercise-induced asthma patients are advised to avoid strenuous physical activity, which can trigger bronchospasm. However, appropriate exercise can improve asthma control and lung function in stable asthma patients. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, COCHRANE, and EMBASE databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines according to the specified eligibility criteria. Those studies were critically appraised using the Oxford Critical Appraisal Tool 4.0. Four articles were selected based on the PRISMA search strategy flowchart to assess their validity, importance, and applicability. There was a significant effect of aerobic exercise on lung function (p-value = 0.05) and asthma control (p-value = 0.004). There was a significant effect of breathing exercise on the quality-of-life outcome group (p-value <0.05) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1)% predicted (p-value <0.001). Physical exercise for 30 minutes two to three times per week or yoga exercise for 60 minutes per day for 3-5 days improves lung function and asthma control in stable asthma patients.
Multidrug-Resistant Organisms Infection on Mortality of Burn Patients at Public Hospital X in Jakarta: A Retrospective Study Veronica, Raja Merlinda; Kumalawati, July; Rumende, Cleopas Martin; Nainggolan, Leonard; Simadibrata, Marcellus; Shatri, Hamzah; Yunir, Em; Wardhana, Aditya; Nelwan, Erni Juwita; Rustam, Musfardi
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Abstract

Susceptibility to infection and increasing antibiotic resistance put burn patients at risk of developing infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). This condition can progress to sepsis, increasing morbidity and mortality. This retrospective cohort study employed the medical record data of patients treated at Public Hospital X in Jakarta, Indonesia, from January 2020 to June 2022. Of 160 subjects, most were aged <60 years (82.5%) and had comorbidities (16.88%). The most common cause of burns was fire (86.25%). The use of medical devices was 90.63%, with a 14-day median length of stay. The most common gram-negative MDRO pathogens were K. pneumoniae (29.91%), Enterobacter sp (22.32%), and Acinetobacter (20.54%); 45% of patients infected with MDRO died. The bivariate analysis found an increased risk of death due to MDRO infection in burn patients (RR 1.103; 95%CI 1.004-1.211, p-value = 0.046). After adjusting for role variables (age, comorbidities, total body surface area, use of medical devices, length of stay) and from multivariate analysis, the confounding variables for MDRO infection and mortality were length of stay and age. MDRO infection increases the mortality rate in burn patients. Mortality in burn patients due to MDRO infection is greater than non-MDRO.
Data Mining Analysis with Orange in the Development of Tuberculosis Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Bintang, Malahayati Rusli; Bachtiar, Adang; Candi, Cicilya
Kesmas Vol. 19, No. 5
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Abstract

Prevention and treatment of diabetes will have a positive influence on tuberculosis (TB) since people may get TB because they have diabetes mellitus (DM). Recording and reporting through the TB Information System are not run optimally because of many factors. The information system must be strengthened to be used by private health facilities. This study used secondary data from the 2013 and 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research (IBHR). The data was analyzed univariately and analyzed further using Orange Data Mining Tools to test the screening tool model used to predict TB in diabetic individuals. The total sample in this study from each data was 38,136 people. The 2013 IBHR stated that 749 people (2%) were diagnosed with pulmonary TB, while the 2018 IBHR stated that 97 people (0.3%) were diagnosed in the previous six months. The results of the Orange analysis showed that precision and recall calculations in this study were quite good, at 0.9. Therefore, the model would likely predict the occurrence of TB in diabetic individuals. According to Orange, the TB-DM electronic screening tool model tends to estimate the incidence of TB in diabetic individuals.

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