Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Marriage Dispensation Justifies the Exploitation of Underage Marriage Gazali, Resky Mutiarani; Nurhaedah, Nurhaedah; Sahban, Sahban
ADVANCED PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): ADVANCES PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS (APRIL)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/8jec7678

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan dispensasi kawin yang menitikberatkan pada pertimbangan hakim terkait penerapan prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi dikabulkannya permohonan dispensasi kawin. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum empiris. Penelitian ini menawarkan kebaruan dengan menampilkan data terbaru mengenai dispensasi kawin serta mengungkap adanya perubahan sosial, yaitu pergeseran inisiatif pengajuan dispensasi yang tidak lagi didominasi oleh orang tua, melainkan berasal dari anak sebagai pemohon. Fenomena ini merupakan temuan yang relatif baru dan masih jarang dibahas dalam penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak sebagai dasar utama dalam memutus permohonan dispensasi kawin dengan mempertimbangkan aspek kesehatan, psikologis, keberlanjutan pendidikan, dan perlindungan terhadap janin serta pertimbangan hubungan kedekatan para pemohon. Disamping faktor kehamilan di luar perkawinan, pertimbangan hakim juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosial dan budaya, seperti tekanan keluarga, stigma sosial, praktik perkawinan dini yang mengakar, serta pergeseran inisiatif pengajuan dispensasi. Hasil ini mengindikasikan adanya perbedaan praktik yang terjadi di UPTD PPA yang cenderung menempatkan kehamilan di luar nikah sebagai pertimbangan utama dalam pemberian surat rekomendasi nikah. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar hakim dan UPTD PPA dalam menangani perkara dispensasi kawin lebih memprioritaskan kepentingan terbaik bagi anak dengan memperhatikan dampak jangka panjang serta perlindungan terhadap janin jika terjadi kehamilan. Selain itu, diperlukan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai kriteria “alasan mendesak” agar masyarakat memahami dasar pemberian dispensasi kawin dan dapat mencegah terjadinya perkawinan yang dipaksakan terhadap anak. Abstract This study aims to determine the implementation of marriage dispensation that focuses on the judge's consideration regarding the application of the principle of the best interests of the child and the factors that influence the granting of marriage dispensation requests. The research method used is empirical legal research. This study offers novelty by presenting the latest data on marriage dispensations and revealing social changes, namely a shift in the initiative to apply for dispensations, which is no longer dominated by parents but comes from children as applicants. This phenomenon is a relatively new finding and has rarely been discussed in previous studies. The results of the study show that the principle of the best interests of the child is the main basis for deciding on marriage dispensation requests, taking into account aspects of health, psychology, educational continuity, and protection of the fetus, as well as the closeness of the relationship between the applicants. In addition to the factor of pregnancy outside of marriage, the judge's considerations are also influenced by social and cultural factors, such as family pressure, social stigma, deep-rooted practices of early marriage, and shifts in the initiative to apply for dispensation. These results indicate differences in practice at the UPTD PPA, which tends to place pregnancy outside of marriage as the main consideration in issuing marriage recommendation letters. This study suggests that judges and UPTD PPA in handling marriage dispensation cases should prioritize the best interests of the child by considering the long-term impact and protection of the fetus in the event of pregnancy. In addition, a clearer explanation of the criteria for “urgent reasons” is needed so that the public understands the basis for granting marriage dispensation and can prevent forced marriages of children.

The Contractual Relationship of Online Motorcycle Taxis in Contract Law: Imbalance, Liability, and the Crisis of Legal Certainty Djamaluddin, Muh Faizhol Fadhlur Rohman; Djamaluddin, Muhammad Faizhol Fadhlur Rohman; Rahman, Sufirman; Salmawati, Salmawati
ADVANCED PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): ADVANCES PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS (APRIL)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/wqyjk806

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis relasi kontraktual ojek online dalam perspektif hukum perjanjian serta mengkaji perlindungan hukum konsumen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Bahan hukum yang digunakan meliputi bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, bahan hukum sekunder berupa literatur dan jurnal ilmiah, serta bahan hukum tersier. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif-kualitatif untuk menguraikan dan menafsirkan ketentuan hukum yang berlaku. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis hubungan hukum tripartit yang melahirkan dua bentuk perjanjian elektronik, yaitu perjanjian kemitraan dan perjanjian pengangkutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedudukan hukum ojek online terbentuk melalui hubungan hukum tripartit yang melahirkan dua bentuk perjanjian, yaitu perjanjian kemitraan antara pengemudi dan perusahaan aplikasi serta perjanjian pengangkutan antara pengemudi dan konsumen. Kedua perjanjian tersebut sah secara hukum karena memenuhi syarat Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata dan diakui sebagai kontrak elektronik. Perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen dan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, namun masih terdapat hambatan berupa ketidakjelasan tanggung jawab, kontrak baku yang merugikan, kesulitan pembuktian, dan tidak adanya jaminan kualitas layanan yang konsisten. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan perlunya regulasi khusus dan penguatan mekanisme perlindungan hukum guna menciptakan kepastian dan keadilan bagi seluruh pihak. Abstract This study aims to analyze the contractual relationships of online motorcycle taxi (ojek online) services from the perspective of contract law and to examine consumer legal protection. This research is a normative legal study using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The legal materials employed consist of primary legal materials in the form of laws and regulations, secondary legal materials in the form of literature and scientific journals, and tertiary legal materials. The analysis is conducted descriptively and qualitatively to describe and interpret the applicable legal provisions. The novelty of this research lies in the analysis of a tripartite legal relationship that gives rise to two forms of electronic agreements, namely a partnership agreement and a transportation agreement. The results show that the legal status of online motorcycle taxi services is formed through a tripartite legal relationship that produces two types of agreements: a partnership agreement between the driver and the application company, and a transportation agreement between the driver and the consumer. Both agreements are legally valid because they fulfill the requirements of Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code and are recognized as electronic contracts. Consumer legal protection has been regulated in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions; however, there are still obstacles such as unclear liability, disadvantageous standard-form contracts, difficulties in evidence, and the absence of consistent service quality guarantees. This study concludes that there is a need for specific regulations and the strengthening of legal protection mechanisms in order to create legal certainty and justice for all parties.

The Dilemma of Digital Music Royalties: Between Public Creativity and Creators’ Rights Rahman, Nur A'limah; Qahar, Abdul; Asriati, Asriati
ADVANCED PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): ADVANCES PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS (APRIL)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/e7xd1875

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sinkronisasi pengaturan royalti atas praktik cover lagu dan pemutaran musik di ruang publik guna memberikan perlindungan terhadap hak ekonomi pencipta di tengah perkembangan monetisasi digital. Dinamika distribusi musik berbasis platform menghadirkan tantangan baru, khususnya terkait batas penggunaan komersial dan nonkomersial yang belum dirumuskan secara eksplisit. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual guna menilai konsistensi norma serta relevansinya terhadap praktik aktual. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis terhadap norma kabur dan kekosongan norma parsial dalam klasifikasi penggunaan digital yang berimplikasi pada ketidakpastian hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun sistem pengelolaan royalti telah diatur dan dilembagakan, implementasinya masih menghadapi tantangan berupa ambiguitas parameter komersialisasi, rendahnya kesadaran hukum pengguna, serta kebutuhan peningkatan transparansi dalam distribusi royalti. Kesimpulannya, perlindungan hak ekonomi pencipta telah tersedia secara normatif, namun efektivitasnya dalam menjamin kepastian hukum masih memerlukan penguatan pada aspek implementatif. Rekomendasinya, diperlukan penegasan parameter monetisasi digital, harmonisasi pengaturan klasifikasi penggunaan komersial, serta penguatan transparansi dan akuntabilitas sistem pengelolaan royalti guna mewujudkan kepastian hukum yang lebih adaptif dan berkeadilan di era digital. Abstract This study aims to examine the synchronization of royalty regulations on song cover practices and music playback in public spaces in order to protect the economic rights of creators amid the development of digital monetization. The dynamics of platform-based music distribution present new challenges, particularly regarding the boundaries between commercial and non-commercial use, which have not been explicitly defined. This study uses a normative legal method with a legislative and conceptual approach to assess the consistency of norms and their relevance to actual practices. The novelty of this study lies in its analysis of vague norms and partial normative gaps in the classification of digital use, which have implications for legal uncertainty. The results show that although the royalty management system has been regulated and institutionalized, its implementation still faces challenges in the form of ambiguity in commercialization parameters, low legal awareness among users, and the need for increased transparency in royalty distribution. In conclusion, the protection of creators' economic rights is available normatively, but its effectiveness in ensuring legal certainty still needs to be strengthened in terms of implementation. The recommendation is that it is necessary to clarify the parameters of digital monetization, harmonize regulations on the classification of commercial use, and strengthen the transparency and accountability of the royalty management system in order to achieve greater legal certainty that is more adaptive and equitable in the digital era.

Cyber Notary and the Digital Transformation of Authentic Deed Formation in Indonesia Afifah, Putri; Arief, Anggreany; Arsy, Muhammad
ADVANCED PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): ADVANCES PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS (APRIL)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/zhmapp73

Abstract:This research aims to examine and describe the regulatory issues encountered by notaries in the process of drafting authentic deeds online, as well as to identify and analyze the main challenges in regulating the online execution of authentic deeds by notaries. The study adopts an empirical research method, which is based on direct observation and actual experiences in the field. The primary objective is to obtain concrete data or evidence through scientific methods such as observation, interviews, surveys, experiments, or case studies. The research findings indicate that the regulation of Cyber Notary is stipulated in Article 15, Paragraph (3) of the UUJN; however, its implementation in Indonesia is still hindered by the lack of clear regulations. Changes are required in the definition of notarial deeds, the authority of notaries concerning electronic deeds, and adequate digital procedures. Furthermore, data security and the verification of parties’ identities are crucial to prevent cybercrime. Therefore, harmonization between the UUJN, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), and other relevant regulations is key to the successful implementation of Cyber Notary. The challenges in implementing Cyber and Electronic Notary encompass substantive, structural, and legal culture aspects. Substantively, regulations must be updated to include provisions on online presence and electronic identity verification. Structurally, secure technology, integrated infrastructure, and capacity building for notary human resources are necessary. Meanwhile, from the perspective of legal culture, public trust in the security and validity of electronic transactions must be established. Consequently, inter-institutional collaboration and regulatory adjustments are essential steps to support the readiness of notaries and a reliable system. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menggambarkan pengaturan yang dihadapi oleh notaris dalam proses pembuatan akta otentik secara onlie serta untuk mengetahui dan menggambarkan tantangan utama yang ada dalam mengatur pembuatan akta otentik secara online oleh notaris. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian empiris, yaitu penelitian yang didasarkan pada pengamatan langsung atau pengalaman nyata di lapangan. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh data atau bukti konkret melalui metode ilmiah, seperti observasi, wawancara, survei, eksperimen, atau studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pengaturan Cyber Notary diatur dalam Pasal 15 Ayat (3) UUJN, namun penerapannya di Indonesia masih terhambat oleh kurangnya regulasi yang jelas. Diperlukan perubahan pada definisi akta notaris, kewenangan notaris terkait akta elektronik, serta prosedur digital yang memadai. Selain itu, aspek keamanan data dan identitas para pihak sangat penting untuk mencegah kejahatan siber. Oleh karena itu, harmonisasi antara UUJN, UU ITE, dan regulasi lainnya menjadi kunci keberhasilan penerapan Cyber Notary. Tantangan implementasi Cyber dan Electronic Notary mencakup aspek substansi, struktur, dan kultur hukum. Secara substansi, regulasi harus diperbarui agar mencakup kehadiran online dan verifikasi identitas elektronik. Dari segi struktur, dibutuhkan teknologi yang aman, infrastruktur yang terintegrasi, serta peningkatan kapasitas SDM notaris. Sementara itu, dari sisi kultur hukum, perlu dibangun kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap keamanan dan keabsahan transaksi elektronik. Untuk itu, kolaborasi antar lembaga dan penyesuaian regulasi menjadi langkah penting dalam mendukung kesiapan notaris dan sistem yang andal.

From Inactive to Inaccessible: Legal Protection of Dormant Accounts in the Banking System Dzaputra, Muhammad Dzakwan; Arif, Mohammad; Ma'ruf, Tri Abriana
ADVANCED PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): ADVANCES PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS (APRIL)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/hzmejg73

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukun normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang dianalisis secara preskriptif untuk menjelaskan ketentuan hukum yang berlaku serta memberikan argumentasi dan rekomendasi normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaturan pemblokiran rekening nasabah di Indonesia belum dirumuskan secara eksplisit dan komprehensif dalam satu ketentuan khusus, melainkan tersebar dalam berbagai ketentuan yang bersifat umum, terutama terkait prinsip kehati-hatian dan rezim pencegahan tindak pidana keuangan. Absennya pengaturan yang secara jelas mengatur kewajiban, prosedur, dan batas waktu pemblokiran menyebabkan perlindungan hukum preventif terhadap nasabah menjadi lemah dan berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakpastian bagi nasabah dalam mengakses dananya. Perlindungan hukum setelah pemblokiran pada dasarnya bersifat represif, melalui mekanisme pengaduan, reaktivasi rekening, dan upaya hukum perdata. Namun tanpa fondasi preventif yang jelas dan tegas, perlindungan represif tersebut belum sepenuhnya menjamin kepastian hukum dan keseimbangan kedudukan antara bank dan nasabah. Rekomendasi penelitian ini menekankan perlunya Otoritas Jasa Keuangan meningkatkan efektivitas penerapan POJK Nomor 24 Tahun 2025 tentang Pengelolaan Rekening pada Bank Umum, khususnya terkait kewajiban pemberitahuan, standar rekening dormant, dan prosedur reaktivasi rekening, serta mendorong perbankan untuk menerapkan kebijakan pemblokiran dengan tetap menjunjung prinsip kehati-hatian, transparansi, dan perlindungan konsumen. Abstract: This study aims to examine and analyze the legal regulations governing the blocking of customer accounts by banks, as well as the forms of legal protection provided for dormant customer accounts after they have been blocked by banks. This research is normative legal research with a legislative and conceptual approach. The legal materials used consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials that are analyzed prescriptively to explain the applicable legal provisions and provide normative arguments and recommendations. The results of the study show that the regulation of customer account blocking in Indonesia has not been explicitly and comprehensively formulated in a specific provision, but is scattered in various general provisions, especially those related to the principle of prudence and the regime for the prevention of financial crimes. The absence of regulations that clearly stipulate the obligations, procedures, and time limits for blocking accounts has resulted in weak preventive legal protection for customers and has the potential to cause uncertainty for customers in accessing their funds. Legal protection after blocking is essentially repressive, through complaint mechanisms, account reactivation, and civil law efforts. However, without a clear and firm preventive foundation, such repressive protection does not fully guarantee legal certainty and balance between banks and customers. This research recommendation emphasizes the need for the Financial Services Authority to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of POJK Number 24 of 2025 concerning Account Management at Commercial Banks, particularly in relation to notification obligations, dormant account standards, and account reactivation procedures, as well as encouraging banks to implement blocking policies while upholding the principles of prudence, transparency, and consumer protection

When Goods Are Defective, Should Sellers Be Relieved of Liability in E-Commerce? Rahman, Khaerunnissa Jaura; Hasbi, Hasnan; Saputra, Imran Eka
ADVANCED PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): ADVANCES PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS (APRIL)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/atazx184

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan mengenalisis tanggung jawab penjual terhadap risiko kerusakan atau kehilangan barang dalam transaksi e-commerce, serta untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tanggungjawab penjual terhadap resiko kerusakan atau kehilangan dalam transaksi e-commerce menurut perspektif Hukum Perdata. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum Normatif. Kabaharuan dari penelitian ini terletak pada fokus penelitiannya terhadap resiko kerusakan ataupun kehilangan ketika melakukan transaksi di e-commerce serta mengkaji lebih dalam terkait dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tanggung jawab penjual dalam melakukan transaksi e-commerce. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tanggung jawab penjual dalam transaksi e-commerce pada prinsipnya didasarkan pada ketentuan perjanjian antara pihak, ketentuan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen, serta kebijakan platform e-commerce yang digunakan.Penjual wajib menyerahkan barang dalam keadaan baik dan sesuai kesepakatan. Apabila barang rusak atau hilang sebelum diterima pembeli ,maka penjual pada umumnya tetap bertanggung jawab memberikan ganti rugi berupa penggantian barang atau pemgembalian dana . Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tanggung jawab penjual antara lain perjanjian atau kesepakatan para pihak, penggunaan jasa pengiriman, sistem pembayaran, ketentuan platform e-commerce, asas itikad baik, serta ketentuan hukum perdata dan perlindungan konsumen yang belaku. Kesimpulannya bahwa . Pelaku usaha bertanggung jawab memberikan ganti rugi atas kerusakan atau kehilangan, pencemaran, dan/atau kerugian konsumen akibat mengkonsumsi barang dan/atau jasa yang dihasilkan atau diperdagangkan. Serta terdapat beberapa factor yang mempengaruhi tanggung jawa penjual mulai dari perjanjian para pihak, waktu peralihan risiko, peran jasa pengiriman, karakteristik barang, ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, kebijakan platform e-commerce, hingga itikad baik para pihak. Oleh karena itu penentuan tanggung jawab penjual harus dilakukan secara menyeluruh dengan mempertimbangkan seluruh faktor tersebut. Abstrak: This study aims to explain and analyze the seller’s responsibility for the risk of damage to or loss of goods in e-commerce transactions, and to examine the factors influencing the seller’s liability for such risks from the perspective of Civil Law. The research method used is normative legal research. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on the risk of damage or loss occurring in e-commerce transactions and in its deeper analysis of the factors that influence the seller’s responsibility in conducting e-commerce transactions. The results of the study indicate that the seller’s responsibility in e-commerce transactions is fundamentally based on the contractual provisions agreed upon by the parties, the provisions of the Civil Code, Consumer Protection Law, and the policies of the e-commerce platform used. In general, the seller is responsible for the risk of damage to or loss of goods. It can therefore be concluded that the seller is liable for losses resulting from damage to or loss of goods until the goods are received by the buyer in good condition, unless otherwise stipulated in the agreement. The factors influencing the seller’s responsibility include the agreement or mutual consent of the parties, the use of delivery services, the payment system, the provisions of the e-commerce platform, the principle of good faith, and applicable civil and consumer protection laws. In conclusion, business actors are responsible for providing compensation for damage, loss, pollution, and/or consumer losses resulting from the consumption of goods and/or services produced or traded. Several factors influence the seller’s responsibility, including the agreement between the parties, the time of transfer of risk, the role of delivery services, the characteristics of the goods, statutory regulations, e-commerce platform policies, and the good faith of the parties. Therefore, determining the seller’s liability must be carried out comprehensively by considering all these factors.

Unregistered and Unseen: The Marginalization of Children Lacking Birth Certificates Achmad, Mahenrawan; Risma, Andi; Arifin, Muhammad Ya'rif
ADVANCED PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): ADVANCES PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS (APRIL)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/vn7pf106

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis aturan atau norma yang mengatur tentang akta kelahiran sehingga dapat memahami anak yang tidak mempunyai akta kelahiran serta dampaknya bagi kehidupan anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan Adalah penelitian hukum normatif preskriptif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Dengan menganalisis bahan hukum primer berupa Undang-Undang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akta kelahiran adalah bukti autentik yang diakui oleh negara sebagai identitas anak tersebut, sehingga dapat mengakses hak-hak lainnya, namun akta kelahiran bukan syarat agar seseorang menjadi subjek hukum, akta kelahiran hanya berfungsi sebagai bukti autentik bukan sebagai penentu lahirnya kepribadian hukum. Akibat tidak adanya akta kelahiran pada anak berdampak tidak dapatnya mengakses layanan seperti Pendidikan, Kesehatan, sehingga berdampak pada masadepan anak. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, peneliti merekomendasikan pemerintah diharapkan dapat berperan aktif untuk memberikan fasilitasnya terhadap pemenuhan hak-hak masyarakatnya sehingga dapat menciptakan mekanisme yang mempermudah masyarakat. Pemerintah dan pembentuk Undang-Undang diharapkan dapat merevisi aturan-aturan yang ada ataupun menghapus aturan yang dapat menghambat masyarakat dalam memperoleh hak-haknya sebagai warga negara Indonesia. Abstract: This study aims to determine and analyze the rules or norms governing birth certificates so that they can understand children who do not have birth certificates and their impact on children's lives. The research method used is normative prescriptive legal research with a statutory approach. By analyzing primary legal materials in the form of laws. The results of the study show that a birth certificate is authentic evidence recognized by the state as the child's identity, so that they can access other rights, but a birth certificate is not a requirement for someone to become a legal subject, a birth certificate only functions as authentic evidence not as a determinant of the birth of legal personality. The absence of a birth certificate in children has an impact on not being able to access services such as education, health, thus impacting the child's future. Based on these results, researchers recommend that the government is expected to play an active role in providing facilities for the fulfillment of the rights of its people so that it can create mechanisms that make it easier for the community. The government and lawmakers are expected to revise existing regulations or eliminate regulations that can hinder the community in obtaining their rights as Indonesian citizens.

The Effectiveness of Legal Protection for Consumers Regarding Motorcycle Damage Rachman, Srirezky; Alam, Syamsul; Sapada, Andi Tenri
ADVANCED PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): ADVANCES PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS (APRIL)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/xsrz1n11

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas perlindungan hukum konsumen atas kerusakan sepeda motor dan menganalisis faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas perlindungan hukum konsumen atas kerusakan sepeda motor pada bengkel resmi Honda di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui kegiatan wawancara terhadap konsumen yang mengalami kerusakan sepeda motor, sedangkan data sekunder dihimpun dengan menggunakan peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur hukum, dan bahan pustaka yang signifikan dengan perlindungan konsumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen atas kerusakan sepeda motor, secara normatif telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, namun dalam praktik pelaksanaannya belum sepenuhnya efektif karena masih terdapat konsumen yang mengalami kerugian akibat penanganan kerusakan sepeda motor yang belum optimal. Hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu faktor hukum terkait kejelasan pengaturan garansi, faktor petugas teknisi dalam penanganan perbaikan, faktor sarana dan fasilitas bengkel, faktor masyarakat yang berkaitan dengan pemahaman konsumen terhadap kondisi kendaraan, serta faktor kebudayaan yang memengaruhi sikap dan kepercayaan konsumen. Rekomendasi penelitian ini yaitu perlunya peningkatan kesadaran konsumen terhadap hak dan kewajibannya dalam menggunakan sepeda motor serta meningkatkan kualitas pengerjaan teknisi sebagai pihak yang secara langsung menangani perbaikan sepeda motor milik konsumen, agar perlindungan hukum konsumen dapat berjalan lebih efektif. Abstract: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of consumer legal protection regarding motorcycle damage and to identify the factors influencing the effectiveness of consumer legal protection regarding motorcycle damage at official Honda service centers in Makassar. This study employs an empirical legal research method using a statutory approach and a case study approach. Primary data was collected through interviews with consumers who experienced motorcycle damage, while secondary data was gathered using legislation, legal literature, and relevant reference materials on consumer protection. The research results indicate that legal protection for consumers regarding motorcycle damage is normatively regulated under Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection; however, its implementation has not been fully effective in practice, as there are still consumers who suffer losses due to suboptimal handling of motorcycle damage. This is influenced by several factors, namely legal factors related to the clarity of warranty regulations, factors related to technicians in handling repairs, factors related to workshop facilities and equipment, societal factors related to consumers’ understanding of vehicle conditions, as well as cultural factors that influence consumers’ attitudes and trust. The recommendations of this study are the need to increase consumer awareness of their rights and obligations regarding motorcycle use, as well as to improve the quality of work performed by technicians who directly handle repairs to consumers’ motorcycles so that consumer legal protection can be implemented more effectively

Intellectual Property in Academic Research: Addressing Unauthorized Use of Scientific Works in Makassar Zulkarnain; Zulkarnain, Zulkarnain; Poernomo, Sri Lestari; Mursyid, Mursyid
ADVANCED PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): ADVANCES PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS (APRIL)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/gpdh7x91

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap penggunaan karya ilmiah yang dilindungi hak cipta serta mengkaji akibat hukum dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya pelanggaran hak cipta terhadap karya ilmiah, khususnya di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif empiris dengan pendekatan lapangan yang memadukan kajian terhadap bahan hukum dengan fakta yang terjadi di masyarakat. Data yang digunakan terdiri atas data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan pihak terkait pada instansi pemerintah dan lingkungan akademik, serta data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap berbagai literatur dan bahan hukum yang relevan. Pembaharuan penelitian ini terletak pada upaya mengkaji secara terpadu antara aspek perlindungan hukum, praktik penggunaan karya ilmiah di lingkungan akademik, serta faktor sosial dan teknologi yang mempengaruhi terjadinya pelanggaran hak cipta. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan terhadap karya ilmiah tidak hanya bersifat normatif, tetapi juga mencakup perlindungan administratif dan etik yang berkembang dalam praktik akademik. Berbagai bentuk pelanggaran dapat terjadi, seperti plagiarisme, penggunaan karya tanpa mencantumkan sumber, penggandaan karya tanpa izin, serta perubahan terhadap karya tanpa persetujuan pencipta. Kondisi tersebut dipengaruhi oleh rendahnya kesadaran hukum, terbatasnya pemanfaatan mekanisme perlindungan hak cipta, perkembangan teknologi digital, serta kurangnya pemahaman mengenai etika akademik. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan terhadap karya ilmiah masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, terutama dalam aspek kesadaran hukum dan implementasi perlindungan di lingkungan akademik. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi agar dilakukan peningkatan sosialisasi, edukasi, dan penguatan penegakan hukum guna mendorong terciptanya budaya akademik yang menghargai hak cipta dan integritas ilmiah. Abstract: This study aims to determine and analyze legal protection for the use of copyrighted scientific works and examine the legal consequences and factors that cause copyright infringement of scientific works, particularly in Makassar City. This study uses an empirical normative legal research method with a field approach that combines the study of legal materials with facts that occur in society. The data used consists of primary data obtained through interviews with relevant parties in government agencies and academic environments, as well as secondary data obtained through library studies of various relevant literature and legal materials. The renewal of this study lies in the effort to examine in an integrated manner between aspects of legal protection, the practice of using scientific works in academic environments, and social and technological factors that influence the occurrence of copyright infringement. The results of this study indicate that protection of scientific works is not only normative, but also includes administrative and ethical protection that develops in academic practice. Various forms of violations can occur, such as plagiarism, use of works without citing sources, duplication of works without permission, and changes to works without the creator's consent. This condition is influenced by low legal awareness, limited utilization of copyright protection mechanisms, the development of digital technology, and a lack of understanding of academic ethics. The conclusion of this study indicates that the protection of scientific works still faces various challenges, particularly in terms of legal awareness and implementation of protection in the academic environment. This study recommends increasing outreach, education, and strengthening law enforcement to encourage the creation of an academic culture that respects copyright and scientific integrity. Keywords: Legal Protection; Scientific Work; Copyright.

Legal Liability of Marketplaces for the Circulation of Counterfeit Goods Shihab, Shandy; Ulfah, Sitti; Said, Muhammad Fachri
ADVANCED PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): ADVANCES PRIVATE LEGAL INSIGHTS (APRIL)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56087/qy0m1531

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan tanggung jawab marketplace terhadap peredaran produk palsu serta bentuk perlindungan konsumen dalam transaksi perdagangan melalui sistem elektronik. Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, serta menganalisis bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier secara kualitatif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik menempatkan marketplace sebagai Penyelenggara Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik (PPMSE) yang bertanggung jawab memastikan sistemnya tidak digunakan untuk kegiatan ilegal. Pasal 22 PP No. 80 Tahun 2019 menegaskan tanggung jawab PPMSE atas konten ilegal dalam sistemnya, namun tanggung jawab ini bersifat terbatas dan bersyarat melalui penerapan prinsip notice and takedown. Meskipun demikian, regulasi ini masih bersifat umum dan belum mengatur standar kehati-hatian marketplace secara tegas dalam mencegah produk palsu, sehingga efektivitas perlindungan konsumen sangat bergantung pada kebijakan internal masing-masing marketplace. Diharapkan pemerintah dapat memperkuat regulasi dengan standar kehati-hatian yang lebih spesifik, sementara marketplace perlu meningkatkan sistem pengawasan internal dan mekanisme pelaporan. Konsumen juga dihimbau untuk lebih berhati-hati dalam bertransaksi. Abstract : This research aims to analyze the regulatory framework for the responsibility of marketplaces concerning the circulation of counterfeit products, as well as the forms of consumer protection in electronic commerce transactions. Employing a normative legal research method with legislative and conceptual approaches, and qualitatively analyzing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, this study finds that Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 concerning Electronic Commerce places marketplaces as Electronic Commerce Organizers (PPMSE) responsible for ensuring their systems are not used for illegal activities. Article 22 of PP No. 80 of 2019 affirms the PPMSE's responsibility for illegal content within its system, however, this responsibility is limited and conditional through the application of the *notice and takedown* principle. Nevertheless, the regulation remains general and does not strictly stipulate specific due diligence standards for marketplaces in preventing counterfeit products, thus the effectiveness of consumer protection heavily relies on the internal policies of each marketplace. It is expected that the government will strengthen regulations with more specific due diligence standards, while marketplaces need to enhance their internal supervision systems and reporting mechanisms. Consumers are also urged to exercise greater caution in transactions.

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name
Andika Prawira Buana

Contact Email
apriljournal.fh@umi.ac.id

Phone
+6282345766611

Journal Mail Official
apriljournal.fh@umi.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl Urip Sumohardjo, KM. 5, Kel. Panaikang, Kec. Panakkukang, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.

Location
Kota makassar,

Sulawesi selatan

INDONESIA

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Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Andika Prawira Buana

Contact Email apriljournal.fh@umi.ac.id

Phone +6282345766611

Journal Mail Official apriljournal.fh@umi.ac.id

Editorial Address Jl Urip Sumohardjo, KM. 5, Kel. Panaikang, Kec. Panakkukang, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.

Location Kota makassar, Sulawesi selatan INDONESIA

Abstract

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Abstract

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Abstract

Contact Name
Andika Prawira Buana

Contact Email
apriljournal.fh@umi.ac.id

Phone
+6282345766611

Journal Mail Official
apriljournal.fh@umi.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl Urip Sumohardjo, KM. 5, Kel. Panaikang, Kec. Panakkukang, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.

Location
Kota makassar,

Sulawesi selatan

INDONESIA