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CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies)
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 2085563X     EISSN : 25021044     DOI : https://doi.org/10.20961/cmes
Core Subject :
The CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies) journal is a distinguished peer-reviewed academic publication dedicated to advancing rigorous scholarly research on Middle Eastern studies. It publishes high-calibre research articles, theoretical studies, and critical reviews that engage with both contemporary and historical issues relevant to the region, employing a multidisciplinary approach. The CMES journal serves as a dynamic intellectual platform for researchers, academics, and practitioners to exchange innovative findings and perspectives, advancing Middle Eastern studies through a multidisciplinary framework grounded in the epistemological foundations of the humanities and social sciences. In the humanities, the journal emphasises linguistics, literature, and Middle Eastern culture. At the same time, the social sciences focus on politics, economics, education, religions, and the social dimensions of Middle Eastern societies. CMES encourages scholarly work that engages these disciplines through monodisciplinary inquiry, interdisciplinary synthesis, or transdisciplinary dialogue, fostering conceptual integration and methodological interaction across disciplinary boundaries. Manuscripts submitted to CMES must be pertinent to Middle Eastern studies and demonstrate clear engagement with the epistemic traditions of their respective fields. Submissions are expected to exhibit rigorous methodology, original insights, and significant contributions to regional studies, while appealing to a global academic audience.
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Articles 163 Documents
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THE NORMALIZATION OF TURKEY–SAUDI ARABIA RELATIONS IN THE ERDOĞAN ERA: STRATEGIC INTERESTS AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES Muhammad Hayyi Lana Alkhan; Ahmad Fauzi; Aning Kesuma Putri
CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies) Vol 18, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.18.1.97112

Abstract

The relationship between Turkey and Saudi Arabia has undergone a significant transformation in recent years, particularly under the leadership of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. This article seeks to analyze the underlying factors behind the normalization process between the two countries, considering not only political, economic, and security dimensions but also the often-overlooked ideological aspect. Historically, Turkey and Saudi Arabia have maintained opposing ideological stances, particularly regarding their positions on Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood. This study employs a qualitative methodology based on a comprehensive literature review and secondary data analysis. The findings indicate that the normalization is driven by multiple factors, including political alignment, ideological recalibration, economic interests, and security concerns. Moreover, international responses to this normalization have been mixed, with some countries expressing support while others remain critica.
HIKAYAT ALFU LAILAH WA LAILAH: ANALISIS STRUKTUR NARATIF Sangidu Sangidu
CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies) Vol 7, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.7.2.13458

Abstract

The stories of the Arabian Nights were written by many people over the course of hundreds of years. The core of original stories came out of Persia and India in the earlyeighth century. They were translated into Arabic and given the name Alfu Laylah walaylah or The Thousand Nights and One Night. This set of stories was few in number andfell far short of living up to the number in its title.  The Arabian Nights stand near the top of the list of literary works that haveinfluenced western literature. The first stories from the Nights to reach Europe did soaround the 12th century. Chaucer's Horse, for example, is evidently The Enchanted Horsefrom the Arabian Nights. The reaal influence began, however, Galland's translationbrought the full set of the tales to Europe in the early 1700's.  The application of narrative structure to alfu lailah wa can be conducted byfocusing on the study of the plot which makes up series of events. The analysis is madeon the experiences undergone by King Syahriar and his wife, Syahrazad from thebeginning to the end of the story.  The result of the analysis shows that generally the narrative structure of the storycan be divided into three parts, namely prologue, body, and epilogue. In the body of thestory, there are many stories of which narrative structures are different among them.Beside that, the Arabian Night's Entertainments stand out as one of the stellarachievements in literature. Hundreds of people contributed to their form and substancesover the hundreds of years of their development. The result has entertained andinfluenced readers for generations.
MODUS KALIMAT PERINTAH DAN LARANGAN DALAM “ASBAB WURUD AL-HADITS” KARYA IMAM SUYUTHI KAJIAN PRAGMATIK Ahmad Jazuli
CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies) Vol 12, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.12.1.34870

Abstract

This article aims to explain the commands and prohibitions of the prophet Muhammad in hadits by using Searle's speech act theory. The purpose of this study focused to describe the commands and prohibitions of the prophet Muhammad in seen from sentence mode. Results of this study indicate that there are several characteristics of the use of the phrase mode commands and prohibitions of the Prophet Muhammad such us declarative sentences mode with verb sentence form and noun sentence form; Imperative sentences mode with fi‘lul-amri form, ismu fi‘lil-amri form, dan la an-nahiyah form; and the interrogative sentences mode with using “َ ”أand “.”
MEANING SHIFTS IN THE TRANSLATION OF FIGURATIVE EXPRESSIONS IN NAJIB AL-KILANI’S AMÂLIQATU ASY-SIMÂL Silmi Malina Binta; Khairon Nahdiyyin; Muhammad Fadhil Syahridho
CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies) Vol 16, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.16.2.56822

Abstract

The novel Amâliqatu asy-Simâl by Najib al-Kilani narrates the true story of the civil war in Nigeria during British colonization. The linguistic and cultural differences that form the story's background necessitate a specific translation method for translating figurative expressions in the novel. This article examines the types of figurative expressions in the novel and the shifts in meaning that occur in translation. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method with an al-bayan science approach and the theory of meaning shifts. The results show 17 expressions containing majaz, including ten forms of 'isti'arah, three majaz mursal, and four kinayah. The translation achieves shifts in meaning through adding, replacing word class, and substituting due to semantic proximity.
KARAKTERISTIK TOKOH UTAMA DALAM BAGIAN PERTAMA NASKAH DRAMA AHLUL KAHFI KARYA TAUFĪQ AL-CHAKĪM: ANALISIS PSIKOLOGI SASTRA Lia Yuniartha, Eva Farhah
CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies) Vol 11, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.11.1.26002

Abstract

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik tokoh utama dalam bagian pertama naskah drama Ahlul Kahfi karya Taufīq Al-Chakīm dengan menggunakan pendekatan psikologi kepribadian Carl Gustav Jung. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, metode penelitian ini mengikuti langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: (1) Pembacaan karya yang menjadi objek penelitian, (2) Perumusan masalah, (3) Penentuan data objek, (4) Pengumpulan sumber data, (5) Pengkajian struktur, (6) Analisis data, dan (7) Penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil yang didapat adalah para tokoh utama memiliki karakteristik yang didominasi fungsi dan sikap jiwa yang beragam seperti pikiran, perasaan, ekstravers, introvers, dan perpaduan antara kedua sikap tersebut.
دور أسلوب التقديم والتأخير في تحسين اللغة العربية Talqis Nurdiyanto
CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies) Vol 8, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.8.1.11616

Abstract

Manusia dengan tabiatnya memiliki kemampuan berbeda dalam mengelola kosakata dalam bingkai bahasa komunikasinya, terkadang terjadi pembalikan kata bermakna senang disampaikan pada kondisi marah, kata yang seharusnya di awal kalimat diposisikan di tempat lain. Penutur yang menempatkan kata tertentu diawal atau diakhir bukan semata untuk keindahan nada saja, tapi menunjukkan betapa pandainya dalam mengekpresikan keinginannya dengan tingkat seni bahasa yang tinggi. Retorika dalam berbicara dengan gaya bahasa taqdim dan takhir pada kalimatnya memiliki kekuatan makna dan keindahan ungkapan untuk diperhatikan. Meremehkan peran gaya bahasa taqdim dan takhir  dapat mengurangi kekuatan makna yang harus dikuatkan dengannya, menghilangkan ruh  dan kenikmatan dalam berkomunikasi sehingga ungkapannya terkesan kering jauh dari kaidah bahasa Arab serta gersang dari guyuran fashahah dan balaghah. Stilistika bahasa Arab dalam kerangka ilmu balaghah memiliki peran dalam memperhalus susunan kalimat berbahasa Arab yang rapi dengan balutan makna yang kuat, berpengaruh pada pendengar, mudah dipahami dan tidak rancu tidak alasan untuk menolaknya. Penelitian ini berjudul peran susunan gaya bahasa dengan taqdim dan takhir  dalam memperindah bahasa Arab menitikberatkan pada kajian pustaka kebahasa Araban dalam ilmu balaghah. Kalimat yang menggunakan gaya bahasa taqdim dan takhir memiliki arah pada (1) memperindah susunan kalimat dan maknanya, (2) memperindah maknanya saja, (3) memberi makna biasa saja, dan (4) memperancu makna. Kata kunci: uslub, at-taqdîm, at-ta`khîr, tachsîn, al-lughah ‘arabiyyah. AbstractHuman has a natural behavior and different ability to manage vocabularies in the language communication paradigm. Occasionally, the word which has meaning of happy was delivered or spoken by the condition of fury. Based on the language structure, there are some words that actually in the beginning were positioned in the other part. The speakers are using the word in the first or last position in their speech, not only for the aesthetics purposes, but also for the great capability in expressing their desire or purpose using the high level of art. The rhetoric in the speech using the language style of taqdim and takhir in the sentence has a power in meaning and aesthetic expression to be noticed. The underestimate of role in the language style of taqdim and takhir can be reduced the power of meaning that should be strengthened with both styles, and also can effect the lose of soul and enjoyable in the communication act , with the result of that, the expression can be impressioned dryly and by far from the Arabic language grammatical, the splash of fashahah and balaghah. Arabic language stylistics in the Balaghah paradigm has the significant role in managing the structural of senteces smoothly, orderly, using the power of meaning which has the great effect to the audience understandably, not ambiguously, and there is no reason to rejection.This research under the title of “the role of language style structure using taqdim and takhir through Arabic language rethoric and aesthetic was appointed in the literature studies toward Arabic language and Balaghah. The sentences using the language style of taqdim and takhir have many aims, such as: (1) managing the structure and meaning of sentence attractively, (2) just managing only the meaning attractively, (3) giving the meaning commonly, and (4) managing the meaning ambiguously.  Keywords: style, taqdim, takhir, aesthetics, Arabic language.Manusia dengan tabiatnya memiliki kemampuan berbeda dalam mengelolakosakata dalam bingkai bahasa komunikasinya, terkadang terjadi pembalikan katabermakna senang disampaikan pada kondisi marah, kata yang seharusnya di awal kalimatdiposisikan di tempat lain. Penutur yang menempatkan kata tertentu diawal atau diakhirbukan semata untuk keindahan nada saja, tapi menunjukkan betapa pandainya dalammengekpresikan keinginannya dengan tingkat seni bahasa yang tinggi. Retorika dalamberbicara dengan gaya bahasa taqdim dan takhir pada kalimatnya memiliki kekuatanmakna dan keindahan ungkapan untuk diperhatikan. Meremehkan peran gaya bahasataqdim dan takhir dapat mengurangi kekuatan makna yang harus dikuatkan dengannya,menghilangkan ruh dan kenikmatan dalam berkomunikasi sehingga ungkapannyaterkesan kering jauh dari kaidah bahasa Arab serta gersang dari guyuran fashahah danbalaghah. Stilistika bahasa Arab dalam kerangka ilmu balaghah memiliki peran dalammemperhalus susunan kalimat berbahasa Arab yang rapi dengan balutan makna yangkuat, berpengaruh pada pendengar, mudah dipahami dan tidak rancu tidak alasan untukmenolaknya. Penelitian ini berjudul peran susunan gaya bahasa dengan taqdim dan takhirdalam memperindah bahasa Arab menitikberatkan pada kajian pustaka kebahasa Arabandalam ilmu balaghah. Kalimat yang menggunakan gaya bahasa taqdim dan takhirmemiliki arah pada (1) memperindah susunan kalimat dan maknanya, (2) memperindahmaknanya saja, (3) memberi makna biasa saja, dan (4) memperancu makna.Kata kunci: uslub, at-taqdîm, at-ta`khîr, tachsîn, al-lughah „arabiyyah.AbstractHuman has a natural behavior and different ability to manage vocabularies in thelanguage communication paradigm. Occasionally, the word which has meaning of happywas delivered or spoken by the condition of fury. Based on the language structure, thereare some words that actually in the beginning were positioned in the other part. Thespeakers are using the word in the first or last position in their speech, not only for theaesthetics purposes, but also for the great capability in expressing their desire or purposeusing the high level of art. The rhetoric in the speech using the language style of taqdimand takhir in the sentence has a power in meaning and aesthetic expression to be noticed.The underestimate of role in the language style of taqdim and takhir can be reduced thepower of meaning that should be strengthened with both styles, and also can effect thelose of soul and enjoyable in the communication act , with the result of that, theexpression can be impressioned dryly and by far from the Arabic language grammatical,the splash of fashahah and balaghah. Arabic language stylistics in the Balaghah paradigmhas the significant role in managing the structural of senteces smoothly, orderly, using theJurnal CMES Volume VIII Nomor 1 Edisi Januari – Juni 2015Program Studi Sastra Arab FIB UNS Surakarta5power of meaning which has the great effect to the audience understandably, notambiguously, and there is no reason to rejection. This research under the title of ―the roleof language style structure using taqdim and takhir through Arabic language rethoric andaesthetic was appointed in the literature studies toward Arabic language and Balaghah.The sentences using the language style of taqdim and takhir have many aims, such as: (1)managing the structure and meaning of sentence attractively, (2) just managing only themeaning attractively, (3) giving the meaning commonly, and (4) managing the meaningambiguously.Keywords: style, taqdim, takhir, aesthetics, Arabic lan
Errors in the Writing of Indonesian Sounds by Arabic Native Speakers Students at the University of Al Azhar, Cairo Moh Masrukhi
CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies) Vol 15, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.15.1.59428

Abstract

Learning Bahasa Indonesia (bI) for al-Azhar students is new knowledge. Indonesian language is considered a second language(L2) or third (L3) language after Arabic (Ar). Each of the languages being studied has its own system of rules. These differ significantly from one another on phonological, morphological, and syntactic levels. At the phonological level, for example, their mother tongue (B1), namely Arabic, does not have middle or middle cardinal vowels, does not have nasal sounds, such as (ə/elang), (ɛ/nènèk), (ng/datang) as in Indonesian language. This leads to errors and irregularities in the Indonesian language. Later issues include changes, omissions, and replacement of phonemes that should not be used in Indonesian vocabulary. Knowing which phonemes are a stumbling block and make the learning process difficult can help to prevent these defects from happening again. A number of research data were obtained from the results of reading and writing assignments for first semester students at Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Language and Translation in Cairo (FBT-UAC). Furthermore, the learners' changes, omissions, and replacement of phonemes in Indonesian sentences were classified using predetermined criteria. The obtained data were then analyzed using contrastive theory and error analysis. This theory is applied by comparing the phonemes used by learners with standard Indonesian phonemes. The results revealed that the errors that occurred were the emergence of vowel changes, consonant changes, phoneme omission, and the replacement of diphthongs with single phonemes. This error happens as a result of students' inadequate comprehension and lack of sufficient reading practice.
ACTANTIAL SCHEMA AND FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE IN SHORT STORY ṬABLĪYAH MIN AL-SAMĀ’ BY YŪSUF IDRĪS Mufti Zakwan Thoriq; M Faisol
CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies) Vol 18, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.18.2.103717

Abstract

This research analyzes the narrative structure of Yūsuf Idrīs’ short story  Ṭablīyah min al-Samā’ using A. J. Greimas’ structural narratology, with emphasis on the actantial model and functional structure. The story depicts social and spiritual tensions in rural Egypt through the character of Shaykh ʿAlī, who experiences marginalization and existential conflict. Employing a descriptive qualitative design, the research applies close reading and systematic note-taking for data collection. Through Greimas’ actantial scheme comprising six roles: subject, object, sender, receiver, helper, and opponent and a tripartite functional structure (initial situation, transformation, final situation), the analysis identifies five interrelated actantial patterns reflecting the protagonist’s shifting symbolic and social positions. These results highlight the effectiveness of structural narratology in revealing role dynamics, value transformations, and embedded social critique in modern Arabic literature. Furthermore, the study underscores the significance of Greimas’ model for interpreting both narrative and ideological dimensions of texts with strong socio-religious concerns. It concludes by recommending the broader application of structural narratology to modern Arabic works, ideally in combination with ideological or sociological perspectives to deepen textual analysis.
STIGMATISASI DAN PROPAGANDA ANTI-SYIAH: SOROTAN DESKRIPTIF GERAKAN ANNAS Ali Makhsum
CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies) Vol 12, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.12.2.37894

Abstract

The term anti-Shi'a is prejudice or hatred towards Shiite Muslims based on their religion and heritage. Anti-Shi'a efforts portray Shia as dangerous teachings by linking the Iraq and Syria conflicts, thus forcing some religious groups and the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) to issue heretical fatwas for Shi'ite teachings. How does anti-Shi'a propaganda manifest in describing Shi'ism? This paper describes the plot and context of anti-Shi'a in Indonesia. The anti-Shi'a container known as the National Anti-Shi'a Alliance (ANNAS) has become a new medium in campaigning for Shiite heresy. The sentiment of this movement adds a new list of Islamic boxes by giving birth to exclusive Islam. The participation of extremist, Salafi and conservative groups in the Shia stigmatization resulted in sentiments and propaganda towards Shia teachings.
REVISITING ZIONISM AS A STATE IDEOLOGY OF ISRAEL: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE ISRAEL—PALESTINE CONFLICT Sabiq Musthafa
CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies) Vol 17, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.17.1.53721

Abstract

This paper critically examines Zionism as the state ideology of Israel, with a particular focus on its role and impact within the Israel-Palestine conflict. Zionism, originally a movement for the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland, has evolved into a complex and contentious political ideology. This study revisits its historical roots, ideological foundations, and contemporary interpretations. By exploring the intersection of Zionism with nationalism, religion, and politics, the paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of how Zionism shapes Israeli policies and influences the ongoing conflict with Palestine. The analysis delves into the narratives and counter-narratives surrounding Zionism, addressing the perspectives of various stakeholders, including Israeli Jews, Palestinians, and the international community. Through a critical lens, the paper assesses the implications of Zionist ideology for peace prospects, human rights, and regional stability. The findings underscore the need to re-evaluate Zionism in light of its practical outcomes and ethical considerations. This study contributes to the broader discourse on state ideologies, conflict resolution, and Middle Eastern politics, offering insights into the possibilities for a just and sustainable resolution to the Israel-Palestine conflict.

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