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Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Published by Global Health Science Group
ISSN : 27149749     EISSN : 27151972     DOI : https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr
Core Subject :
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research is a open access, peer reviewed and refereed international journal. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research aim to publish original research paper devoted to various area of all health sciences. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research provides a forum for sharing timely and up-to-date publication of scientific research, health care and promoting the development of nursing, public health, community, environmental and occupational health. The journal publishes original research papers of health sciences. High priority will be given to articles on public, nursing, adolescent, community, environmental and occupational health, pharmaceutical technology, social pharmacy, traditional medicine, pharmacology, and so on.
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Articles 1,005 Documents
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The Effect of Using Smart Diabetes Calendar (SDC) on the Self-Efficacy of Diabetes Mellitus Patients Tantri Widyarti Utami; Yunani Sri Astuti; Nurhalimah Nurhalimah; Yasmin Kusumaningtyas
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 7 No. 6 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v7i6.723

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the fastest growing health emergencies worldwide in the 21st century and has the second largest negative impact on life expectancy. Diabetes management, such as increasing knowledge about the disease, treatment, and lifestyle modifications, is an efficient and effective way to manage the disease. Self-efficacy is the cultivation of patients' confidence in managing their disease so that their quality of life improves. Objective to determine the effect of using the Smart Diabetes Calendar (SDC) on the self-efficacy of patients with diabetes mellitus Method, The design used was a “quasi-experimental pre-post test with control group” with the intervention of a smart diabetes calendar (SDC). The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Researchers selected respondents based on inclusion criteria and research objectives The inclusion criteria for this study were type 2 diabetes patients,  aged 35-75 years, taking anti-diabetic drugs, not undergoing treatment in a hospital, and able to read and write. The research instrument used the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale. The sample size was 93 respondents. Data analysis used independent t-tests and paired t-tests. The results of this study showed an increase in the self-efficacy of DM patients after using SDC (p-value=0.000). The conclusion of this study is that the use of a smart diabetes calendar (SDC) increases the self-efficacy of diabetes mellitus patients. DM patients also increased their compliance and discipline in managing their disease.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Accessibility of Health Services Regarding HIV/AIDS Dimas Agung Nugroho; Edi Purwanto
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i1.726

Abstract

HIV/AIDS remains a global health problem that requires special attention regarding the accessibility of health services. Limited access due to several factors impacts the quality of life of people with HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Objective: To analyze the factors that influence the accessibility of health services for HIV/AIDS. Method: This study employed a cross-sectional design using data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey, involving 2,944 respondents, with data analysis conducted through bivariate chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. The independent variables in this study were residence, gender, sources of HIV knowledge from health workers, health insurance status, and access to HIV testing facilities. Results: The results of this study indicate that factors that influence the accessibility of health services for HIV/AIDS, including residence (OR = 1.011; 95% Cl = 0.806-1.268), sources of knowledge from health workers (OR = 1.008; 95% Cl = 0.851-1.194), health insurance status (OR = 0.776; 95% Cl = 0.663-0.907), are more risky than other factors. The conclusion of this study is that community accessibility to health services related to HIV/AIDS is still limited, there are several factors that influence this condition. Conclusion: The most dominant factors related to inaccurate access to health services for HIV/AIDS are the variables of gender, residence, and sources of HIV knowledge from health workers. Meanwhile, the variable of health insurance access status has a significant relationship.
Correlation between Gut Microbiome and the Development of Diabetic Kidney Disease Belinda Mufidah; Muthia Ara Agusti Ayu; Muhammad Al Qarni; Laila Fitria Djaimi; Khairina Azlina; Kevin Tandarto
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.729

Abstract

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by progressive renal damage driven by metabolic, hemodynamic, and inflammatory mechanisms. Recent studies highlight the gut–kidney axis as a crucial pathway linking intestinal dysbiosis to DKD progression. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between gut microbiome alterations and the progression of DKD, as well as to explore potential mechanistic pathways linking microbial dysregulation to renal injury. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar up to August 2025. Eligible studies included English-language human and experimental research evaluating the relationship between gut microbiota composition and DKD pathogenesis. From 241 retrieved articles, 22 studies met inclusion criteria. Most demonstrated significant gut dysbiosis in DKD, with decreased Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Butyricicoccus, and increased Escherichia-Shigella, Hungatella, and Enterococcus. Reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and accumulation of uremic toxins—such as indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, and phenyl sulfate—were strongly associated with inflammation, fibrosis, and renal decline. The analysis was conducted through qualitative synthesis of study methodologies, microbial profiles, and biochemical markers to identify consistent patterns linking gut dysbiosis to DKD progression. These findings suggest that microbial imbalance and altered metabolite profiles play pivotal roles in DKD development. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota, including probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary fiber, may offer renoprotective benefits through restoration of SCFA-producing bacteria and reduction of uremic toxins. Gut dysbiosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) disrupts metabolic and immune balance by reducing beneficial short-chain fatty acid–producing bacteria and increasing pathogenic species, leading to inflammation, proteinuria, and progressive renal decline.
Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality Reduces Pain, Fatiwue and Enhances Comfort and Sleep in Paediatric Oncology Sumarti Endah Purnamaningsih Maria Margaretha; Iswanti Purwaningsih; Zeni Widiastuti
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 7 No. 6 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v7i6.733

Abstract

Pediatric cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy often experience a range of adverse effects, include discomfort, fatigue, pain, and poor sleep quality. These symptoms can have a detrimental effect on the patients’ physical and psychological well-being. Semi-immersive virtual reality (SVR) has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological approach to enhance comfort and reduce treatment-related distress. To examine the effectiveness of SVR in improving comfort, reducing fatigue and pain, and enhancing sleep quality among pediatrics cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study was conducted with 52 children aged 6–14 years receiving outpatient chemotherapy. The sampling technique used is using purposive sampling.  Instruments included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Shortened General Comfort Questionnaire (SGCQ), Child Fatigue Scale 24 Hours (CFS-24), and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain. Data were analyzed descriptively to compare pre-intervention and post-intervention scores. The validity test used was KMO–Bartlett and Factor Loading (EFA), while the reliability test used Cronbach's Alpha. Following the SVR intervention, improvements were observed across all variables. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) improved, with “very poor” decreasing from 31% to 0%, “poor” from 37% to 25%, “fair” increasing from 33% to 63%, and “good” from 0% to 12%. Pain intensity (NRS) decreased, with “moderate” pain dropping from 67% to 0% and “mild” pain increasing from 33% to 100%. Fatigue (CFS) improved: “very high” decreased from 25% to 0%, “high” from 48% to 6%, “moderate” from 27% to 0%, and “low” increased from 0% to 94%. Comfort (SGCQ) increased, with “low” decreasing from 31% to 0%, “medium” from 69% to 50%, and “high” increasing from 0% to 50%. Semi-immersive virtual reality effectively enhances comfort, reduces fatigue and pain, and improves sleep quality among pediatrics cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. SVR can serve as a complementary, non-pharmacological intervention to support children’s well-being the course of cancer treatment.
The Effect of Body-Weight Squat Exercise on Increasing Lower-Limb Muscle Strength and Reducing the Risk of Falls in Elderly Women Govinda Vittala; Ni Luh Nopi Andayani; Ni Luh Putu Gita Karunia Saraswati
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i2.735

Abstract

The decline in estrogen levels among elderly women leads to increased bone fragility and joint degeneration, making them more susceptible to osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. One of the most serious consequences of reduced musculoskeletal function in older women is an increased vulnerability to falls. Therefore, to improve the quality of life of elderly women, it is essential to implement exercise programs that are easy to remember, simple to perform, safe, and feasible to conduct independently at home. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of body-weight squat exercises in improving lower limb muscle strength and reducing the risk of falls among elderly women. This study employed an experimental design using a randomized controlled trial with a pre-test and post-test control group design. A total of 30 elderly women participated as samples and were randomly assigned into two groups: the intervention group and the control group. Participants in the intervention group performed body-weight squat exercises for four weeks, with a training frequency of four times per week. Outcome measures included lower limb muscle strength, assessed using the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSTS), and fall risk, assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). Measurements were taken before and after the intervention. The study was conducted in Mengwi District, Badung Regency, Bali, from July to September 2025. Data were analyzed using SPSS, based on the pre-test and post-test measurements. The statistical analyses employed were the Paired Sample T-Test and the Independent Sample T-Test. The results demonstrated a significant increase in lower limb muscle strength (p = 0.000) and a significant reduction in fall risk (p = 0.000) in the intervention group, as analyzed using the Paired Sample T-Test. Performing body-weight squat exercises four times per week for four consecutive weeks effectively increases lower limb muscle strength, as measured by the FTSTS test, and reduces the risk of falls, as measured by the TUG test, among elderly women in Gulingan Village, Mengwi District.
The Effect of Balance Exercises and Mozart Music Therapy on Elderly Anxiety and Balance Mubayinul Khoeroh
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i2.737

Abstract

Many elderly individuals deal with anxiety about their declining bodies and fears of social isolation. Such changes can contribute to a decline in the quality of life in multiple dimensions. The study incorporated 12 balance exercises to enhance one’s balance and decrease the risk of falls. To address anxiety, the research utilized Mozart’s classical music therapy. Music has the ability to heal and restore the body, mentally and physically, and stimulate the production of calming endorphins. The study’s aim was to evaluate the effect of 12 balance exercises and Mozart classical music therapy to elders in determining the risk of falling and the level of anxiety. Quasi-experimental 2 groups, control and treatment. The sample was 28 elders. The control group, consisting of 14 people, only received the music therapy, while the treatment group of 14 people received 12 balance exercises along with Mozart music therapy. The intervention was carried out 2 sessions/week for 4 weeks. Data were collected using valid and reliable instruments; the Berg Balance Scale (BBS: r = 0.98; α = 0.97) was used to measure the risk of falling and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS: r = 0.81; α = 0.92) was used to measure anxiety. Paired t-tests and independent t-tests were used to analyze data and assess pre–post changes and differences within and between groups. The treatment group showed significant improvements in BBS score (p < 0.001) and a significant reduction in HARS scores (p < 0.001) in contrast to the control group. In conclusion, 12 Balance Exercises and Mozart music therapy improved balance and reduced anxiety in elderly people.
The Effect of Intermittent Electrical Stimulation and Effleurage Massage using Canola Oil on the Risk of Pressure Ulcer in Stroke Patient Rizaldi Nanda Wiguna; Wiwin Haryati; Rika Andriani; Zakiyah Zakiyah; Erlia Rosita; Sorayati Dwi Utami
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i2.738

Abstract

Stroke is a sudden disease that disrupts blood flow in the body, a brain condition causing disability, immobility, and prolonged paralysis, which reduces blood supply to tissues, especially in patients with prominent bones, increasing the risk of pressure ulcers. This study aimed to identify the effect of intermittent electrical stimulation and effleurage massage using canola oil on the risk of pressure ulcers in stroke patients at Kesdam Iskandar Muda Hospital. The study employed a Quasi-Experimental design with a pretest and posttest approach. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling, specifically convenience sampling, with a total of 60 participants. The instrument used was the Waterlaw Scale. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test. The study showed that the risk of pressure ulcers in ischemic stroke patients before the intervention was as follows: severe risk (70.0%), mild risk (20%), moderate risk (6.67%), and very severe risk (3.33%). After the intervention, the risk distribution changed to mild risk (60%), severe risk (33.33%), moderate risk (3.33%), and very severe risk (3.33%).%). Statistical analysis revealed a p-value of 0.001 (<0.05), indicating that intermitten electrical stimulation and effleurage massage using canola oil significantly affects the risk of pressure ulcers in stroke patients. This study confirms that intermitten electrical stimulation and effleurage massage using canola oil has a significant effect on reducing the risk of pressure ulcers in stroke patients.
Profile of Esophageal Cancer Management Saskia Andiani; Rizka Fathoni Perdana; Budi Widodo; Puguh Setyo Nugroho
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i2.743

Abstract

Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, often diagnosed at an advanced stage with limited therapeutic options. In Indonesia, particularly at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, data regarding esophageal cancer treatment remain limited. A better understanding of treatment profiles and patient characteristics is essential to improve clinical outcomes and develop early detection strategies. To analyze the profile of esophageal cancer treatment at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya during 2018–2023, including patient demographics, clinical manifestations, nutritional status, histopathological and anatomical characteristics of the tumor, TNM stage, metastasis, comorbidities, therapeutic modalities, serum albumin levels, and prognosis. This was a descriptive retrospective study using secondary data obtained from medical records of esophageal cancer patients at the Oncology Clinics of ENT-HN and Internal Medicine Departments, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, from 2018 to 2023. Total sampling was applied, with 65 patients meeting the inclusion criteria out of 157 cases. Data analyzed included demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, nutritional status, tumor type and location, TNM stage, presence of metastasis, comorbidities, therapy received, serum albumin levels, and treatment outcomes. The data were analyzed descriptively and presented as frequency distributions. The majority of patients were male and aged ≥60 years, presenting with dysphagia as the most common symptom. Most patients were diagnosed at advanced stages, with squamous cell carcinoma as the predominant histological type and the distal third of the esophagus as the most frequent tumor location. Common comorbidities included hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Many patients had hypoalbuminemia, reflecting poor nutritional status. Therapeutic modalities provided included gastrostomy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or their combination, although a substantial proportion received only supportive care. Mortality remained high, and curative outcomes were limited.  Esophageal cancer cases at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital were predominantly diagnosed at advanced stages with poor nutritional status and multiple comorbidities, resulting in limited curative treatment options and poor prognosis. Strengthening early detection, nutritional optimization, and multidisciplinary care are crucial to improving outcomes in esophageal cancer patients.
Determinants of Factors Influencing Medication Adherence among Tuberculosis Patients: A Literature Review Perwita Rameka Dewi; Wahyu Endang Setyowati; Dwi Retno Sulistyaningsih; Indah Sri Wahyuningsih
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i2.747

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The success of therapy is highly dependent on patients’ adherence to long-term treatment regimens. Non-adherence may lead to drug resistance, relapse, and treatment failure. Therefore, identifying factors that influence treatment adherence is crucial for designing effective interventions. This literature review aims to identify and analyze factors influencing medication adherence among tuberculosis patients based on empirical evidence from studies published between 2020 and 2025. The article search process followed the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches were conducted across four reputable international databases: Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Keywords used included ("tuberculosis" OR "TB") AND ("treatment adherence" OR "medication adherence" OR "treatment compliance") AND ("determinant factors" OR "associated factors" OR "predictors") AND ("patients"). Inclusion criteria consisted of original research articles employing cross-sectional or observational designs, involving active TB patients, and published in English between 2020 and 2025. Out of 1,610 identified articles, 410 duplicates were removed, leaving 1,200 articles for initial screening based on title and abstract. After full-text eligibility assessment of 180 articles, 16 studies met all criteria and were included in the final analysis. Findings from 16 studies revealed that TB medication adherence is influenced by sociodemographic, psychological, social support, and healthcare system factors. Family support and healthcare provider counseling were identified as the primary facilitators of adherence, although variations in sociocultural contexts across regions limit the generalizability of these findings. Medication adherence among TB patients is determined by patient-related, social, and healthcare system factors. Efforts to improve adherence require multidimensional approaches through education, psychosocial support, and community-based health service strengthening. These findings highlight the need for contextual and sustainable intervention strategies to optimize TB treatment outcomes.
Application of Foozma Therapy (Foot Massage Using Olive Oil) to Reduce Pain in Mothers after Cesarean Section Arvinda Dwi Nugraheni; Sulastri Sulastri
Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
Publisher : GLOBAL HEALTH SCIENCE GROUP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i2.748

Abstract

Post cesarean section procedures can cause pain sensations. Pain management involves a combination of self-care interventions and non-pharmacological foot massage therapy, which is safe and easy to administer. To improve circulation, reduce pain, relax muscles, and provide comfort to the patient. Foot massage therapy includes techniques such as effleurage (stroking), petrissage (kneading), tapotement (tapping), friction (rubbing), and vibration (vibrating).  In the case study of foot massage for post-cesarean section mothers, data was collected through direct observation and measurement of pain intensity using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) questionnaire. The assessment was conducted through interviews and observation of the patient's condition before and after foot massage therapy. Data analysis was performed descriptively by comparing pain scores before and after foot massage intervention to see changes in pain intensity experienced by patients. The results of the foot massage on the respondents over two consecutive days showed a decrease in pain levels from a score of 6 (moderate pain) to a score of 2 (mild pain). The application of foot massage therapy can help reduce pain experienced by post-cesarean section mothers.

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