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Dinia R Dwijayanti,
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Biotropika
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 23027282     EISSN : 25498703     DOI : 10.21776/ub.biotropika.
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology invites research articles, short communication, and reviews describing new findings/phenomena of biological sciences in tropical regions, specifically in the following subjects, but not limited to biotechnology, biodiversity, microbiology, botany, zoology, biosystematics, ecology, and environmental sciences.
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Articles 14 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 14 no. 2 (2026)" : 14 Documents clear
Effect of PGPB (Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria) and NPK Fertiliser on the Growth of Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum) Infected with Fusarium sp. Suryanti, Erma; Chusniasih, Dewi; Arliani Nur Anisa, Hida; Anbar Istiadi, Khaerunissa; Restiati, Nawang; Anggria Sari, Dian
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2026.014.02.01

Abstract

The long-term use of NPK fertiliser harms the environment, therefore, the use of NPK fertiliser needs to be balanced with biological fertilisers. The biological fertiliser used was PGPB (Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria) TNAP1, TNCP1, and ANAP1 isolated from pineapple plants. This study aimed to determine the antagonistic activity of TNAP1, TNCP1, and ANAP1 isolates, assess the viability oF PGPB bacteria in the carrier material (Biochar) during storage, and evaluate the effect of NPK and PGPB fertiliser combination on the growth of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) infected with Fusarium sp. This study conducted antagonism tests between PGPB isolates, PGPB antagonism with Fusarium sp. in vitro, formulation of PGPB fertiliser on the carrier material, viability test of bacteria, Fusarium sp. infection in tomato plants, fertilisation, and observation. The observed growth parameters were plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, number of fruits, and chlorophyll content. The results of this study showed that the three bacterial isolates had synergistic properties, the viability of PGPB bacteria was above 107 CFU/g and met the requirements of the Regulation of the Ministry of Agriculture No. 70 of 2011, and the P2 treatment with a combination of fertilisers (50% NPK + 50% PGPB) gave the best results for all growth parameters and did not differ significantly from the positive control.
Prevalence and Clinical Manifestations of Cattle Foot and Mouth Disease in Wajak Subdistrict, Malang Regency Adikara, Yuanara Augusta Rahmat; Tuska, Habib Syaiful Arif; Brahmantya, Chandra; Karaman, Yulinar Risky; Abdurrahman, Farid; Mufa, Romy Muhammad Dary; Atmaja, Baluh Medyabrata; Widodo, Wahyu
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2026.014.02.02

Abstract

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals with significant economic implications. Following a disease-free status since 1986, Indonesia experienced a resurgence of outbreaks in 2022, including in the Malang Regency. This study aimed to analyse the prevalence and clinical manifestations of FMD in the cattle population of Wajak Subdistrict, Malang Regency. The research employed a cross-sectional observational design with a total sample of 405 dairy cattle from various farms (n=15) in Wajak Subdistrict, Malang Regency, selected based on outbreak history and accessibility. Comprehensive clinical examinations were conducted to identify FMD manifestations using a severity-based scoring system. Serological confirmation using Non-Structural Protein (NSP) test kits was performed on a subsample of 20 animals to detect FMD virus exposure. Results indicated an FMD case prevalence of 1.2% (5 out of 405 animals), with all cases exhibiting complete clinical manifestations, including high fever (average 40.62°C), vesicular lesions in the oral cavity (score 2), lesions on feet (score 1), hypersalivation (score 2), severe appetite loss (60% score 4), and milk production decline with varying severity. The NSP test kit examination of the subsample showed 100% positive results, indicating widespread FMD virus circulation in the study area, despite clinical manifestations appearing in only a small proportion of the population. This study demonstrates that although the clinical FMD case prevalence is relatively low (1.2%), virus circulation remains high in the cattle population of the Wajak Subdistrict, indicating the presence of subclinical infections. Comprehensive FMD control strategies require a combination of mass vaccination, strict biosecurity measures, and continuous surveillance, including subclinical infection detection.
Agronomic and Physiological Adaptation of Robusta Coffee Clone BP-308 to Lampung Highland Conditions Sari, Sismita; Nurmayanti, Sri; Widiani, Dimas Prakoswo; Erfandari, Ovy; Fajriani, Annisa Fitri
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2026.014.02.03

Abstract

The agronomic and physiological characteristics of Robusta coffee, particularly in superior clones, are essential for assessing growth potential, productivity, and adaptability. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the agronomic and physiological responses of the Robusta coffee clone BP-308 at different altitudes. The research was conducted in two locations: Ulu Belu District (557 m a.s.l.) and Tribudi Syukur Village, Kebun Tebu District, West Lampung Regency (877 m a.s.l.). Field observations were carried out using a survey and direct measurement approach, and data were analysed descriptively and inferentially using the Shapiro–Wilk, Levene, and ANOVA tests, followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 5% significance level. Pearson correlation analysis was also performed to assess the relationships between environmental factors and various plant traits. The results indicated that altitude significantly affected plant height and primary branch length, while physiological traits such as chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen were higher at lower elevations. Coffee plants at 877 m a.s.l. showed greater chlorophyll and nitrogen content, while those at 557 m a.s.l. exhibited stronger structural growth. It is concluded that Robusta clone BP-308 performs optimally at mid- to low-altitude areas, with adaptive agronomic management recommended to maximise productivity and physiological efficiency.
Integrative Phytochemical and Computational Study of Curcuma aeruginosa as a Natural PI3K/AKT-1 Inhibitor Against HCC Khairi, Elvina Rashida; Widyananda, Muhammad Hermawan; Dwijayanti, Dinia Rizqi; Annisa, Yuslinda; Ulfa, Siti Mariyah; Widodo, Nashi
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2026.014.02.04

Abstract

Curcuma aeruginosa RoxB., a medicinal plant known for its diverse pharmacological properties, has shown promising anticancer potential. In this context, the search for multitarget natural compounds remains a key strategy for developing safer and more effective therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, this study aimed to characterise the phytochemical composition of C. aeruginosa ethanolic extract and its fractions, and to investigate their potential molecular mechanisms against HCC through in silico approaches. Phytochemical quantification revealed that the ethanolic extract contained high levels of phenolic compounds, consistent with the LC-HRMS detection of phenol and phenylpropanoid derivatives. Conversely, the low total terpenoid content may be due to the use of linalool as a single standard, as the LC-HRMS results indicated abundant terpenoid constituents. Drug-likeness and bioactivity screening of the identified compounds revealed eight candidates with potential anticancer properties, including PTOX, 4’-demethylepipodophyllotoxin, dehydrocostus lactone, tretinoin, and vitamin A. Network and molecular docking analysis indicated that these compounds primarily target proteins involved in apoptosis and cancer-related pathways, particularly PI3K and AKT1. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of the selected protein-ligand complexes, with PTOX and 4’-demethylepipodophyllotoxin showing the most favourable interactions with both target proteins. Collectively, these findings highlight C. aeruginosa, especially its crude ethanol extract, as a potential source of multitarget natural inhibitors against PI3K and AKT1, supporting its potential role as a promising candidate for the development of natural-based anti-HCC agents.
Diversity and Abundance of Butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in Forest and Residential Areas on the Slopes of Mount Karang, Banten Jasmi, Riski Andrian; Musthopa, Muhamad Huda; Hanafiah, Raihan Imam; Febryansyah, Azmy; Badaruddin, Alfito; Iqramifta, Abil; Sari, Herlina Putri Endah
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2026.014.02.05

Abstract

Butterflies play an important ecological role as pollinators and as biological indicators of habitat quality. However, information on butterfly diversity and abundance in the Mount Karang region of Banten has never been reported, creating a gap in the baseline biodiversity data for this area. This study aims to analyse the diversity, abundance, and distribution patterns of butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in two contrasting habitat types: the Canggoang Forest and the residential area of Juhut Village on the slopes of Mount Karang. Field sampling was conducted over eight days between September and October 2025 using direct capture methods (insect nets) in the morning and afternoon. Butterfly communities were analysed using biodiversity indices, and structural comparisons between the two habitats were assessed using the Jaccard and Bray–Curtis indices. A total of 23 species were recorded in the forest and 28 species in the residential area. Nymphalidae and Pieridae dominated both locations, while Papilionidae, Lycaenidae, and Hesperiidae were found in smaller numbers. Diversity values indicated a moderate level of species richness, with low dominance and high evenness. Species richness was categorised as high in both habitats. Variation in vegetation structure, availability of host plants, and microclimatic factors—particularly temperature, humidity, and wind speed—were identified as the main factors shaping butterfly communities. These findings provide the first comprehensive baseline data on butterfly biodiversity in the Mount Karang area and highlight the importance of maintaining heterogeneous habitat conditions to support both generalist and specialist species. The results also underscore the relevance of integrating butterfly diversity assessments into local conservation strategies and landscape management.
Correlation Analysis of Cocopeat Planting Media with Plant Height, Stem Diameter, and Number of Leaves of Oil Palm Plants (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Abdullah, Umar Husein; Mulyanti; Keumalasari, Sofia; Yana, Dewi; Aufa, Putro Nurun
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2026.014.02.06

Abstract

The increasing demand for high-quality oil palm seedlings requires nursery growing media that are both effective and sustainable. Cocopeat, an abundant agricultural by-product, is widely used as a planting medium, however,  its linear relationship with key seedling growth parameters is not fully understood. This study aimed to analyse the correlation between cocopeat application rates and plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves of oil palm seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The experiment was conducted under controlled nursery conditions in Aceh Besar, Indonesia, using a randomised block design with cocopeat doses ranging from 0 to 400 g, combined with equal amounts of soil and NPK fertiliser. Pearson bivariate correlation analysis showed that variations in the cocopeat dosage generally did not exhibit significant correlations with plant height, stem diameter, or leaf number, indicating a non-linear growth response. However, the highest cocopeat dose (400 g) showed a significant positive effect on stem diameter. These results suggest that cocopeat does not proportionally enhance all growth variables but may improve specific structural traits once a threshold level is reached. The study concluded that cocopeat acts as a threshold-based modifier of the physical properties of growing media rather than a linear driver of oil palm seedling growth, providing practical guidance for optimising nursery media formulations.
Analysis Physicochemical and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of White Pomegranate Peel Extract (Punica granatum L.) Azizah, Nur; Ma'rifah, Shofia Jannatul; Jamilah, Zahrotul; Syarivah, Thoifatus; Harmono Putri, Nabiilah Rifda; Ramadhan, Majida; Faisal
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2026.014.02.07

Abstract

Antibacterial agents from natural biological compounds can originate from phenolic compounds found in plants, including the white pomegranate fruit. However, the use of white pomegranate peel is still relatively unknown to the public, so it is often discarded, even though this part contains phenolic compounds and flavonoids that have potential as natural antibacterial agents. This study aimed to analyse the physicochemical characteristics of white pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum L.) and evaluate its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Peak absorption, wavelength, and functional groups were analysed using UV-Vis and FTIR, while antibacterial activity was tested using the well-diffusion method. The extract was tested at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% as the treatment factors. The physicochemical test results showed that the moisture content of the simplicia was 3.378%, which met the quality criteria of good simplicia, while the ash content of 19.27% indicated a fairly high mineral content. The UV-Vis spectrum showed absorption at wavelengths of 230–295 nm, indicating the presence of flavonoid compounds, while FTIR results confirmed the presence of alcohol and phenolic functional groups. Antibacterial tests showed that white pomegranate peel extract inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus with the largest inhibition zones at a concentration of 100%, measuring 20 mm and 23 mm, respectively. Based on the inhibition strength category, this extract was strong against E. coli and very strong against S. aureus. Thus, white pomegranate peel extract has the potential to be developed as an effective natural antibacterial agent.
Ecological Characteristics and Community Utilisation of Mangrove Ecosystems in West Biak, Central Papua, Indonesia Likumahua, Engly Sisilya; Boli, Paulus; Pattiasina, Selfinus; Pattiasina, Thomas Frans; Purba, Gandi Yantri Sevantina
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2026.014.02.08

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems are increasingly threatened by human activities, such as tree cutting, waste disposal, and land conversion for various purposes. Similar pressures occur in the coastal region of West Biak, Papua, Indonesia. This study aimed to analyse the ecological condition of mangrove ecosystems and to identify community activities related to mangrove utilisation. The research was conducted over a three-month period, from March to May 2024, in Sopendo and Mamoribo Villages, West Biak District, Biak Numfor Regency, covering a total area of 52.91 ha. Mangrove vegetation data were collected using line transects and quadrat plots, while information on community activities was obtained through interviews and questionnaires. Mangrove vegetation structure was analysed using the Importance Value Index (IVI) while species diversity was assessed using the Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index. Interview data were analysed descriptively to identify patterns of community utilisation of mangrove resources. A total of twelve mangrove species were identified. Rhizophora apiculata showed the highest IVI values, reaching 85.66 in Mamoribo and 105.08 in Sopendo, indicating its strong dominance within the mangrove community structure. The ecological condition of the mangrove ecosystem is closely linked to community utilisation activities, where mangrove diversity and species dominance support various local livelihood practices. There are seven activities carried out within the mangrove forest area. Tree cutting, bark stripping, and waste disposal in coastal areas are activities that directly have detrimental impacts on mangrove forests. These findings highlight both the ecological significance of mangrove species in the region and the high level of community dependence on mangrove resources, emphasising the need for sustainable management strategies to maintain ecosystem integrity while supporting local livelihoods.
Analysis of Plankton Community Structure and Physical-Chemical Parameters in the Dumai River, Riau Province Chynthiana, Vera; Budijono, Budijono; Hamzah, Hadian Pratama
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2026.014.02.09

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the water quality of the Dumai River based on plankton community structure and physicochemical parameters. This research was conducted to understand the ecological response to long-standing environmental pressures in the Dumai River through community and industrial activities. This study was conducted by collecting water and plankton samples from the Dumai River using a plankton net in the downstream, middle, and upstream sections. The analysis results showed a significant decline in water quality in the downstream section, characterised by high Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) levels of 3270 mg/L and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) approaching the minimum limit. This condition reflects increasing anthropogenic pressures that are affecting ecosystem stability. The impact is visible in the plankton community structure, where Species Richness (R) decreases from upstream to downstream, allowing only species with high tolerance to these pressures to survive. Despite the decline in species abundance, Diversity (H') values remained relatively high with Evenness (E) increasing, indicating that the downstream section functions as an ecological filter producing a balanced but simpler community. Regression analysis identified a strong positive correlation (R² = 0.75–0.84) between H' and water quality parameters such as BOD, nitrate, DO, and TSS, confirming that habitat conditions in the moderate range are the main determinants of plankton diversity. These findings emphasise the need for continuous water quality monitoring to support more effective management of the Dumai River ecosystem.
Product Feasibility Test of Topical Hydrogel Containing Amniotic Membrane for Diabetic Wound Healing in Mice Pakpahan, Suyarta Efrida; Fadhilah, Fitri Rahmi; Fadillah, Aziz Taufik; Salsabillah , Marshanda Putri
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2026.014.02.10

Abstract

Chronic diabetic wounds are a major complication of diabetes mellitus and are characterised by delayed and impaired healing caused by neuropathy, vascular dysfunction, and persistent infection. Human amniotic membrane derivative (hAMD) has emerged as a promising biomaterial for wound management due to its anti-inflammatory properties and rich content of growth factors. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of an hAMD-based hydrogel as a wound dressing under hyperglycemic conditions. An in vivo experimental study was conducted in alloxan-induced diabetic mice treated with various hydrogel formulations, including a carbopol hydrogel, a commercial hydrogel, and an hAMD-based hydrogel. Wound healing was assessed through macroscopic evaluation of wound closure. Safety and biocompatibility were evaluated based on physicochemical properties (organoleptic characteristics, pH, and viscosity), mechanical performance (tensile strength), microbiological testing, and systemic toxicity assessment. Haematological parameters (haemoglobin and leukocyte counts) and biochemical markers of kidney and liver function, including urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), were also analysed. The results showed that the hAMD-based hydrogel achieved significantly faster wound closure, approximately 20% faster than the diabetic control group and 10–15% faster than the healthy control, carbopol-treated, and commercial hydrogel groups. The hAMD-based hydrogel demonstrated a favourable safety profile, with no evidence of systemic toxicity or organ dysfunction. It also met acceptable standards for physicochemical stability, mechanical integrity, microbiological safety, and physiological compatibility. In conclusion, the hAMD-based hydrogel shows strong potential as a safe and effective wound dressing for diabetic ulcers, supporting its further development for clinical wound care applications.

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