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Nexus Biomedika
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
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Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
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Articles 292 Documents
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The Effect of Granules of Spring Onions Extract (Allium fistulosum L.) to the Mortality of Anopheles aconitus Larvae Riko Saputra; Sri Haryati; Bagus Wicaksono
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 1 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Nowadays the prevalence of malaria in Indonesia is still high. Anopheles aconitus is one of the vector of malaria. Insecticide is a way which government uses to kill the Anopheles aconitus mosquitoes, but it can cause the resistence of the mosquitoes, because of that we need an alternative way to kill them, and we can use larvacide to kill the Anopheles aconitus larvae. Spring Onion contains substances that can be larvacide, so the researcher wanted to prove that granules of Spring Onions extract had effects to kill the Anopheles aconitus larvae. Methods:This research used laboratory experimental design with post test only control group design. The subject of this research was Anopheles aconitus larvae that were divided into 7 groups, each group contained 25 larvae and the research was repeated in 4 times. For the negative control group we used 100 ml water. The other six groups contained a different number of granules of Spring Onions extract; they were 850 mg, 1000 mg, 1150 mg, 1300 mg, 1450 mg, and 1600 mg. The observation was held after 24 hours, then, the number of dead larvae was counted. The data were analyzed using Linear Regression and Probit test. Results:Linear Regression test showed that the R correlation score was 0.984 and R2 score was 0.969, this meant that the effect of the number of granules of the Spring Onions extract to kill larvaes was 96.9% and the rest 3.1% was effected by the others variables. Probit test showed LC50 (Lethal Concentration) was 820.573 mg and LC99 was 1671.886 mg. Conclusion:There is effect of granules of Spring Onions extract to the mortality of Anopheles aconitus larvae. The LC50 is 820.573 mg and the LC99 is 1671.886 mg, while the effect of the number of granules to influence is R2: 96.9% and the correlation between the number of granules and mortality is R: 0.984. Keyword: granules, Spring Onions extract, Anopheles aconitus larvae, mortality
Effect of Bilimbi Fruit Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) on Renal Histological Structure in Mice Induced by Reheated Palm Oil Exposure Purnomo Andimas Edoryansyah; Muthmainah .; Lilik Wijayanti
Nexus Biomedika Vol 5, No 2 (2016): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Introduction: Oxidative stress has a role in various kidney diseases, such as chronic renal disease, chronic renal injury, and progresivity of renal injury. Oxidative stress can be caused by the influx of free radicals into the human body through food that fried using reheated palm oil. Bilimbi fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) contains antioxidants, such as flavonoid, saponin triterpenoid, vitamin A, and vitamin C that have the ability to neutralize free radicals. This research aimed to investigate the protective effect of bilimbi fruit extract on histological structure damage of renal cells induced by reheated palm oil and protective effect of increasing dose of bilimbi fruit extract. Methods: This was laboratory experimental research with post test only control group design. This research was done in Histology Laboratory of UNS Medical Faculty. Samples were Swiss webster mice, 2-3 months old and each weight 20 g. Samples were 30 mice and obtained by incidental sampling. Samples divided randomly into five groups, each group consisted of six mice. The normal control group (KKn) was given distilled water only. The negative control group (KK(-)) was given reheated palm oil only with 0,2 ml/20 g BB dose. The first treatment group (KP1), the second treatment group (KP2), the third treatment group (KP3) were given bilimbi fruit extract with the dose of 5.6 mg/20 g weight, 11.2 mg/20 g weight, 22.4 mg/20 g weight respectively and induced by reheated palm oil with 0,2 ml/20 g BB dose for 14 days. At the 15th day, mice were sacrificed then right and left kidney were taken for preparation with HE staining. Renal cells damage were identified by counting the pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis nucleus of proximal tubule cells from 50 renal cell mice. Data were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons-LSD (?=0.05). Results: There were differences in the number of damaged nucleus (pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis) of proximal tubule epithelial cells between five groups and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.000). LSD test showed that there were significant differences between KKn-KK(-), KKn-KP1, KKn-KP2, KKn-KP3, KK(-)-KP1, KK(-)-KP2, KK(-)-KP3, KP1-KP2, KP1-KP3, and KP2-KP3 (p<0.05). Conclusions: Bilimbi fruit extract shows the protective effect to the histological structure damage of mices renal cells induced by reheated palm oil. The increasing of dose of the Bilimbi fruit extract improves the protective effect to mices renal cells. Keywords: Averrhoa bilimbi L., reheated palm oil, renal histological damage
Efek Nefroprotektor Ekstrak Biji Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.) terhadap Kerusakan Histologis Sel Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Muvida Muvida; . Muthmainah; Yulia Sari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: Seed extract of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. contains saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and tannins that may exhibit significant protection of kidney cells from free radicals. In present study, Swietenia mahagoni was evaluated for its nephroprotector effect on paracetamol-induced kidney cells histological damage in mice (Mus musculus). Methods: This research used experimental laboratory studies with post test only controlled group design. Samples were 28 male Swiss webster mice (2-3 months old) weighing + 20 g and divided into 4 groups, 7 mice each group. Sampling technique in this research was incidental sampling. The negative control group (KK (-)) and the positive control group (KK (+)) of mice were administered aquadest for 14 days. The first treatment group (KP1) and the second group treatment (KP2) of mice were administered mahagony seed extract with the dose of 11,2 mg/20 g and 22,4 mg/20 g body weight of mice for 14 days, respectively. Paracetamol was administered to groups of KK (+), KP1, dan KP2 on the 12th, 13th, and 14th day. On day-15th, mice were sacrificed and their kidneys were taken and stained with hematoxilin eosin (HE) for histological study. The kidney cells histological features were assessed based on quantifying of pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis. Data were analyzed with the One-Way ANOVA test (? = 0.05) and Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons LSD test (? = 0.05). Results: The mean of kidney cells histological damage in mice for KK (-), KK (+), KP1 and KP2 were 9.57 + 0.701; 28.93 + 1.698; 9.28 + 0.873 and 27.79 + 1.651, respectively. Result of statistic analysis showed that there were significant differences of kidney cells damage score between KK (-) KK (+), KK (-) KP2, KK (+) KP1, KP1 KP2, and non significant differences between KK (-) KP1 and KK (+) KP2. Conclusions: Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. seed extract showed nephroprotector effect against paracetamol-induced kidney cells histological damage in mice. Keywords: mahagony seed extract, nephroprotector, kidney cells histological damage
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) dalam Mencegah Kerusakan Histopatologi Ginjal Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Gentamisin Rio Nanda Pratama; Ratih Puspita Febrinasari; Nur Hafidha Hikmayani
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 1 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background: The use of medicinal plants has been increasing in recent years following development of herbal industry and evidence on adverse effects of several chemical drugs, including nephrotoxic effect. Research on herbs with nephroprotective effect are needed to offer alternative therapy for drug-induced renal diseases. Mangosteen pericarp extract contains xanthone which has antiinflammation effect to prevent renal damages. This research aimed to examine the nephroprotective effect of mangosteen pericarp extract on renal structure. Methods: This research was a laboratory experiment with posttest only controlled group design. Subjects were white male Wistar-strain rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 2-3 months and weighed 150-230 grams. Subjects were randomly divided into five treatment groups. Normal control group was treated 0.5% NaCMC, while negative control group was treated nothing. The treatment groups 1, 2 and 3 were treated with extract of mangosteen pericarp at doses of 62.5 mg/kg-BW, 125 mg/kg-BW, and 250 mg/kg-BW, respectively. The treatments were maintained for 2 weeks. In the second week, the negative control group and the treatment groups 1, 2, and 3 were induced by gentamicin 100 mg/kg-BW. The subjects were later terminated and their kidneys were stained with hematoxicylin eosin. Histopathological renal damages were semi-quantitatively assessed by identification of pyknotic, karyorrhexic and karyolytic areas in proximal tubulus cells and were compared using one-way ANOVA test and followed by LSD test. Result: Result of one-way ANOVA test showed that proximal tubulus cellular damage differed significantly across five groups (p < 0.001). LSD tests further showed a significant difference between negative control group and other groups (p < 0.001). Renal damage in normal control group also differed significantly from those of treatment group 1 and 3 (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between normal control group and treatment group 2 (p = 0.972). Conclusion: Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp extract could prevent histopathological renal damage in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced gentamicin. Keywords: Mangosteen pericarp extract, Renal histopathology, Gentamicin.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) terhadap Waktu Kematian Cacing Ascaris suum, Goeze In Vitro Mira Rizki Ramadhan; Ruben Dharmawan; Yusuf Ari Mashuri
Nexus Biomedika Vol 3, No 3 (2014): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Abstract

Background. Nematodes infection particularly, Ascaris lumbricoides is cronic infection that make serious health problems. Leucaena leaf (Leucaena lecocephala) contain leucanin, leucanon, mimosin and tannin that have been known to have athelmintic effect. This study aimed to determine the effect of Leucaena. Leucaena leaf (Leucocaena leucocephala) extract towards death time of Ascaris suum, Goeze In Vitro.. Methods. This study was a laboratory experimental research using the post-test only controlled group design. The subject were adult worms that have length between 10 -20 cm. The sampling technique was used in purposive sampling. The subject was divides into 6 groups, each group consist of 4 worms, replication performed 4 times. Pirantel Pamoat 5mg/ml was used in Positive Control Group (KKP) and NaCl 0,9% was used in Negative Control Group (KKN). While the handling group was given by leucaena leaf extract in various concentration. 5% b/v was given by first handling group (KP1), 10% b/v was given for KP2, 20% b/v was given for KP3, and 30% b/v was given for KP4. Worms immersed every 60 minutes and counted the number of time. Data were analyzed with regression liner and probit analys. Results. The fastest of death time that given by leucaena leaf is KP4 in the amount of 375 minutest, followed by KP3, KP2 dan KP1. While the death time of KKP aproximately at 60 minutes dan 3360 minutes on KKN. The result of Pearson correlation test show close relationship between variation of the concentration and the time of death worms with a correlation coefficient 0,778 marked negative. The result of regression liner show significant p < 0.000, r square .605 with regression equation is Y = 2704 503,464 X. The result of probit analys LC50 in the amount of 10,355%, LT50 is counted at 411,178 minutes LT99 is counted at 571,621 minutes. While 37,055 minutes is counted for Pirantel Pamoat. Conclution. Based on this study, in can be concluded that the Leucaena leucocephala leaf extract affect mortality of Ascaris suum in Vitro. The increasing of extract concentration in inversely propotional with the death time of worms. Keywords : Leucaena Leaf extract, death time, anthelmintic
Emergence of Kebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC)- Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Infected Patients in Dr. Kariadi Hospital Luthfi Azizatunnisa&#039;; Maryani .; Kusmadewi Eka Damayanti
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 3 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: KPC-producing K. pneumoniae are a group of emerging highly drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli causing infections associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The emergence of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae has now become a global concern. The ability of this bacteria hydrolyzing carbapenem makes limited antibiotic choice for severe infections. KPC spreads through plasmid-mediated, thus this bacteria can spread rapidly. Methods: This was a descriptive research with total sampling as the sampling technique used was all the population within a period of one year in 2012. The research was done in Microbiology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University and the samples were from Dr. Kariadi Hospital. The research subject was 79 Klebsiella pneumonia isolated from all infected patients along 2012. Susceptibility test was performed for all samples with diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton and meropenem. The decreased sensitivity of the samples carried on Modified Hodge Test to determine if the bacteria produced KPC. The results of the study were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results: From the 79 samples, 10 (12.66%) samples decreased sensitivity to meropenem. Those ten samples consisted of cases of sepsis 30%, pneumonia 20%, urinary tract infection 20%, surgical site infection 10%, diabetes mellitus wound infections 10%, and bronchitis 10%. From the ten samples, 60% were nosocomial infection and 30% were from ICU. It was found that one sample (1.27%) was Modified Hodge Test positive. Conclusions: This research found the incidence of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in infection patients in Dr. Kariadi Hospital. This result can be a warning for Indonesian health considering the danger of KPC bacteria. Early identification of bacteria that produce KPC with in vitro testing is critical for the success of infection control. Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), Carbapenem-resistant, Modified Hodge Test.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Nanas (Ananas Comosus (L) Merr) SEBAGAI Antihelmintik Terhadap Waktu Kematian Cacing Ascaris suum, Goeze In vitro Cindikya Saftiari Dewi; Cr. SitiUtari; Brian Wasita
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 1 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Background:Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) was reported to have a bromelain enzyme that belonged to a group of proteolytic enzymes. This enzyme has been known as anti-edematous, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and fibrinolytic activities. The proteolytic effect of bromelain enzyme can change protein to be simple amino acid. This research was performed to understand the effect of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) extract as anthelmintic on death time of Ascaris suum, Goeze In Vitro. Methods:This research was performed using experimental laboratory method with the post test only controlled group design. Eighty four adult Ascaris suum, Goeze were used. The worms divided into seven groups consisted of six treatment groups (pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) extract with the dose of 0 % g/ml, 3 % g/ml, 6 % g/ml, 12 % g/ml, 24 % g/ml and 48 % g/ml) and positive control group (Pirantel pamoat with the dose of 0.236% g/ml). Each group consisted of four worms. Ascaris suum, Goeze were incubated in incubator at 37C. Observation was performed every fifteen minute to determine the death time of the worms. Experimental data was analyzed using One Way ANOVA test continued with Post hoc Tukey test (? = 0.05). LC50 and LT50 were calculated using probit analysis. Results:One Way ANOVA test showed significance difference (p < 0.05). Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) extract had a significant effect on the worm death time and showed dose dependent manner. Probit analysis showed that LC50 and LT50 of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) extract were 21.059% g/ml and 396.929 minutes. At the concentration of 4% g/ml pineapple extract had a better effect than positive control. Conclusions:Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) extract had an effect on the death time of Ascaris suum, Goeze which was showed by significance difference on the death time between treatment and negative control group, and this effect was comparable with positive control group. Keywords:Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) extract, bromelain enzyme, Ascaris suum, Goeze, pirantel pamoat
Efek Proteksi Ekstrak Buah Naga Putih (Hylocereus undatus) terhadap Jumlah Sel Spermatid Mencit (Mus musculus) yang Dipapar Asap Rokok Wida Pratiwi Oktavia; Muthmainah . .; Yulia . Sari
Nexus Biomedika Vol 2, No 3 (2013): Nexus Biomedika
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Background: White dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) contains vitamin C, E, A and polyphenol as antioxidant. This study aimed to prove the effects of white dragon fruit to to increase number of mice spermatids that exposured by cigarette smoke and to know what the effect of the increasing dose of the extract to the number of mice spermatid. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory research with the posttest only control group design. The subject of this research were 28 male Swiss Webster mice (Mus musculus), aged 812 weeks and 20 grams weight. The subjects were arranged by incidental sampling into 4 groups that each group consisted of 7 mice. The negative control group (KKn) was adminstered aquadest while the positive control group (KKp) was exposured by cigarette smoke. The first treatment group (KP1) and the second treatment group (KP2) was successively administered 70 mg and 140 mg white dragon fruit extract per 20 g body weight. Two hours later, the subjects in KP1 and KP2 were exposured to cigarette smoke. This treatments were conducted for 14 days. On day 15th, subjects were sacrificed with neck dislocation and both testicles were stained with HE for microscopy study. The data were analyzed with Kruskall-Wallis test and Mann-whitney test (?=0.05) Results: Mean of spermatids mice in KKn, KKp, KP1 and KP2 were 358.2916.222; 241.1436.953; 375.7974.785; and 436.1433.629, in a row. Kruskall-Wallis test showed that the significance value was 0.000 (p <0.05). Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences between KKn-KKp, KKn-KP2, KKp-KP1, KKp-KP2, KP1-KP2 and no significant difference between the KKn - KP1. Conclusion: The white dragon fruit extract inhibited the number of damage spermatids of mice that exposured by cigarette smoke and the increasing doses of the extract enlarged the number of spermatids mice exposured by cigarette smoke Keywords: white dragon fruit extract, cigarettes, mice spermatid damage
The Difference of FEV1/FVC Ratio Between Junior High School Students Living in Highland and Lowland Fajar Shodiq Irsyad Fauzi; Sinu Andhi Jusup; Martini .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Geographically, highland is a place that has an altitude more than 500 meters above sea level. Highland has some environmental characteristic differences, thus people need an adaptation process that affects their multiple organ system. One of the systems affected is respiration system. FVC (forced vital capacity) is the total volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled in one breath. FEV1 (forced expiratory volume 1st) is the volume of air that can be exhaled in the first forced expiration. FEV1/FVC ratio is one of the lung function parameters that can describe condition of the airway. This research aimed to analyze the difference of FEV1/FVC ratio between junior high school students living in highland and lowland. Method: This research was a cross-sectional observational analytic. Samples of this research were 9th grade students of Junior High School (SMP) Amal Mulya Tawangmangu, Karanganyar and Junior High School (SMP) Negeri 2 Kretek, Bantul. The data were collected by using non-random purposive quota sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria that had been specified. FEV1/FVC ratio data were measured by Minato Autospiro AS300 Spirometer, while the Respiratory rate and the chest circumference index were collected as supporting data. The data were analysis with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Mann-Whitney test and the independent t-test. Result: The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that the FEV1/FVC ratio were not normally distributed. Mean of FEV1/FVC ratio of junior high school students living in highland was 98.522.15 whereas mean of its living in lowland was 97.653.30. The result of the Mann-Whitney comparative test showed p = 0.959 (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant difference of FEV1/FVC ratio between junior high school students living in highland and lowland. Keywords: FEV1/FVC ratio, highland, lowland, lung function, spirometer
Perbedaan Rasio Rentang Lengan-Tinggi Badan pada Mahasiswa Laki-laki dan Perempuan FK Universitas Sebelas Maret Annisa Budiastuti; Selfi Handayani; Hardjono .
Nexus Biomedika Vol 1, No 2 (2012): Nexus Biomedika
Publisher : Nexus Biomedika

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Background: Height is an important clinical indicator to derive Body Mass Index (BMI) and also to estimate Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR). However, height measurement in someone who cannot stand properly like the elderly or lower ekstremity abnormality may become difficult. Therefore, estimating height with another antropometric measurement may become a solution. In another study, arm span showed the highest correlation with standing height. The different morfologic between male and female also important to find the different estimating height formula. Objectives: This research aimed to know arm span to height ratio data in students from Medicine Faculty 2008 of Sebelas Maret University and the differences of arm span to height ratio between male and female. Methods: This research was an analytical observational research with cross sectional approach. The sample data collected using purposive sampling method within inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the population, 60 samples (30 males and 30 females) chose by simple random sampling method, then measured their height and arm span. Height measured in anatomical position using microtoise staturmeter. Arm span measured using ruler tape from the longest finger in right hand to the longest finger in left hand. All data analyzed using normality test Kolmogorov-Smirnov and followed with t-independent test if the distribution data showed normal. Results : T-independent test result p = 0.03 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study found a difference in arm span to height ratio between male and female students in Faculty of Medicine 2008, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta Keywords: arm span, height, anthropometric measurement, student

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