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Biota
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang
ISSN : 2528262X     EISSN : 24607746     DOI : https://doi.org/10.19109/Biota
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology
Jurnal biota is an open access, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal dedicated to the publication of novel research in all aspects of biology, with particular attention paid to the exploration and biodiversity Wetland tropical—and especially Indonesian—biodiversity. Original research articles written in English and featuring well-designed studies with clearly analyzed and logically interpreted results are accepted, with a strong preference given to research that has the potential to make significant contributions to both the field of biology and society in general
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 160 Documents
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Synthesis and Characterization of Edible Film Based on Glucomannan from Local Porang Tubers with a Combination of Carrageenan and Sorbitol as Plasticizer Afriyani, Hapin; Herasari, Dian; Amrulloh, Hanif; Faranida, Qori Hikmah; Ramadani, Arip; Afifah, Nida Rafa; Indriani, Marcella; Theledi, Karim; Aluko, Olukemi
Biota Vol 10 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Biota 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/Biota.v9i2.16821

Abstract

In this study, edible films were made from glucomannan from local porang tubers, carrageenan, and sorbitol as the plasticizer. This research method begins with the making of modified porang flour with three immersion treatments, namely control (A), 10% lime solution (B), and modified lime and mocaf starter fermentation (C) to reduce oxalate levels. Plasticizers were added with variations of carrageenan 2;3;4%, and sorbitol 1;2;3;4; and 5 g. The results showed that the modified lime immersion and fermentation treatment reduced calcium oxalate levels, and the highest yields of glucomannan were 2.58% and 10.07 g. The FTIR analysis results of the isolated glucomannan showed that the spectrum formed by the presence of O-H functional groups, CH2 groups, C-O-C groups, absorption areas of 805 cm-1 and 872 cm-1 indicated the presence of the main constituent of glucomannan, namely β-pyranose. In comparison, the characteristics of the edible film obtained an average thickness between 0.32–1.50 mm. The highest thickness was obtained in the composition of the addition of 3% carrageenan and 4 grams of sorbitol variation C. The percentage of water resistance of edible film variations A and C ranged from 10.04% - 22.02%. Variations A and C with a composition of 2% carrageenan and 1 gram of sorbitol, the edible film is completely degraded. The surface morphology of the edible film obtained from variation A with a concentration of 2% carrageenan and 5 grams of sorbitol showed a slightly porous surface.
Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activities of Silver Nanoparticles of Extract Galaxaura rugosa Savitri, Evika; Bahari, Mohamad Fajar; Minarno, Eko Budi; Shinta
Biota Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Jurna Biota 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/biota.v11i1.22946

Abstract

Algae Galaxaura rugosa contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, β-carotene, and galactane sulfate, which are natural antioxidants. The development of antioxidants of red algae into silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can improve their effectiveness in preventing ROS. The objective of this study is to synthesize silver nanoparticles using G. rugosa algae as well as to test the total flavonoid levels and antioxidant activity of G. rugosa silver nanoparticles. The method of research for synthesis silvernanoparticles using extract G. rugosa as a bioreductor. Characterization of silver nanoparticle G. rugosa using Particle Size Analysis (PSA) and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The total flavonoid and antioxidant activities of silver nanoparticles using UV- VIS spectrophotometer. The test of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The research results showed that silver nanoparticles using G. rugosa resulted in a color change of the soluble from green to yellow.  The UV- VIS spectrophotometer measurement in the 570-580 nm wave range with a maximum wavelength of 406 nm. The measurement of the size distribution of the nanoparticles formed using PSA is an average of 11 nm. Total flavonoid silver nanoparticles of G. rugosa value of 36.21±0.65 mgQE/g higher than extract value of 32,12±0,79 mgQE/g. The antioxidant activity of IC50 of silver nanoparticle G. rugosa value of 26.658 ±1.44 ppm is very strong and the extract value of 46,128 ± 1.6 is strong category.
Study of the Efficacy of Different Concentrations of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer in Preventing Pathogen Transmission Through Palms Ekawati, Evy Ratnasari; Santoso, Setyo Dwi; Pradana, Muhammad Sungging; Santoso, Andreas Putro Ragil; Hanum, Mufida; Khoir, Intan Wahyunillah Zaidah; Arifina, Rosyidatul
Biota Vol 10 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Biota 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/biota.v10i2.23231

Abstract

An integral part of the human body is the hands, which most frequently come into contact with various items; they can be an intermediary for spreading infections from hands to food and potentially eaten by humans. Maintaining hand hygiene is the right strategy to avoid this spread, which includes using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. This study examines the potential for varying concentrations of alcohol-based hand sanitizer to transmit pathogens through the palms. The form of research is a laboratory experiment with an appropriate research design. Test the antibacterial potential of variations in alcohol-based hand sanitizer concentrations of 40, 50, 60, 70, and 70% using well diffusion and dilution methods. The tests were done in quadruplicates. The test bacteria used are Escherichia coli, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of the research showed that of the four variations in the concentration of alcohol-based hand sanitizer, the bacteriostatic ability against Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria was at a concentration of 40% to 80%. The bactericidal activity at a concentration of 80% was demonstrated by Escherichia coli, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Bactericidal activity was demonstrated against Escherichia coli, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus at an 80% concentration.
Natural Antioxidants Effect on the Performance of Erythrocytes, Leucocytes, and Hb Levels of Pregnant Mice Exposed to the Plastic Palupi, Endah Sri; Wibowo, Eko Setio; Puspitasari, IGA. Ayu Ratna; Atang
Biota Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Jurna Biota 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/

Abstract

Plastic is a widely used material with several toxic components, such as free radicals. HDPE plastic is considered safer but requires more attention due to increased usage. Exogen antioxidant is needed to neutralize free radicals. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of natural antioxidants on the performance of erythrocytes, leucocytes, and hemoglobin levels of pregnant mice exposed to plastic compounds. The study used a completely randomized design with six groups and four replicates each. Those groups were aquadest control, plastic chemical compounds (PCC) control, PCC + carrot juice, PCC + orange juice, PCC + purple sweet potato juice, and PCC + mung bean sprouts juice. The PCC was obtained from boiling HDPE plastic, while natural antioxidant juice was from pure sources. Pregnant mice were treated with 0.25 ml of each orally for 21 days, starting from the first gestational day. Blood was collected from a caudal vein. Erythrocytes and leucocytes were counted using a hemocytometer, and Hb levels were measured by the Sahli method. Blood cell morphology was assessed using Giemsa-stained blood smears. Statistical data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using GraphPad Prism ver.10.0 software, while morphology data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that PCC and natural antioxidants did not impact the number of erythrocytes, leucocytes, cell morphology, and Hb levels of pregnant mice. However, natural antioxidants may stabilize the erythrocyte total and Hb levels after the treatments are completed.
Interleukin-33 as a Potential Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study Khamees, Mays Saleh; Alasady, Raad Abdulameer; Alsherees, Hashim Ali
Biota Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Jurna Biota 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/biota.v0i0.22769

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects about 1% of the general population. It is characterized by chronic, progressive, and systemic inflammation. Interleukin-33 (IL-33), is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is believed to be involved in joint inflammation in RA. This cross-sectional research aims to determine if interleukin-33 (IL-33) could serve as a potential biomarker for RA diagnosis and evaluation of activity of RA. The research involved 132 patients with inflammatory arthritis, and their serum levels of IL-33 and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) were measured using ELISA. Other routine biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and rheumatoid factor (RF), were also measured. The median (IQR) of IL-33 was significantly lower in patients with RA [10.576 pg/mL (7.920)] than in those with other types of inflammatory arthritis [12.896 pg/mL (5.700)]. The study also revealed a non-significant difference in IL-33 levels among the four disease activity groups according to DAS-28 ESR and DAS-28 CRP (P = 0.830, P = 0.340, respectively). Additionally, IL-33 had a significant negative correlation with age (P = 0.019) and diabetes mellitus (P = 0.032). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate IL-33 as a diagnostic tool, showing a sensitivity of 59.8% and a specificity of 72% at a cut-off value of ≤11.8207 pg/mL. IL-33 test alone is not sufficient for the diagnosis of RA or differentiating it from other types of inflammatory arthritis. Also, it cannot be used as a routine biomarker for the evaluation of RA activity.
Bioconcentration Factor of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) and Rhizophora mucronata (Lamk.) Inhabiting Coastal Area of Semarang City on Cadmium Hastuti, Endah Dwi; Izzati, Munifatul; Prihastanti, Erma
Biota Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Jurna Biota 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/

Abstract

Mangrove plants are expected to act as bioaccumulator for heavy metals in the coastal area. One of heavy metals with great potential risk to the environment is Cadmium (Cd). This research aimed to study the concentration of Cd in the sediment, water, and mangrove organs, as well as to analyse the bioconcentration factor of mangrove plants in the coastal area of Semarang City. This research was carried out through experimental survey. The survey was carried out to a specified environment criteria which could be considered as experiment setting, including the growing location and mangrove species. The growing location including the shore and pond area while mangrove species using Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata. The parameters are Cd level in root, leaf, water and sediment. Samples of Cd was taken from leaf and root as well as water and sediment under mangrove stands growing in the shore and pond areas, then the sample was analyzed using Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometer (AAS) method. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and further testing using DMRT. The result suggested that Cd accumulation was much higher in the pond area, both in the water and sediment. In addition, Cd concentration in mangrove organs showed similar behaviour. Bioconcentration factor analysis suggests that A. marina and R. mucronata are potential as bioaccumulator of Cd based on BCF value more than 1, comprising the index up to 20.333 for A. marina and 24.866 for R. mucronata.  
Distribution of Uromycladium acaciae disease on Acacia mearnsii woodlots; response and farmers’ cultural management practices in Fagita Lekoma district, Ethiopia Yallew, Abebaw Alene; Abtew, Asmamaw Alemu; Kassie, Weldesenbet Beze
Biota Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Jurna Biota 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/biota.v11i1.24739

Abstract

Acacia mearnsii-based rotational cropping was introduced to Ethiopia's highlands in the past two decades for its charcoal production and soil enhancement benefits. However, since 2020, plantations have been threatened by disease infestation. This study examines the distribution of Uromycladium acaciae on Acacia mearnsii and its management options in Fagita Lekoma, Ethiopia. Using systematic sampling, 28 woodlots were established. Data collection employed transect walks, 140 household interviews, 11 informant interviews, and 3 group discussions. Plantation size was analyzed using analysis of variance, while the relationship between education level and disease management decisions was tested using chi-square with R-software. Results revealed that only 4.5-, 5.5-, and 6.5-year plantations were observed during field assessment. Plantations less than 4-year old were not observed. New plantings in the past three consecutive years were abandoned. Complete (100%) distribution occurred in woodlots aged 4.5 and 5.5 years, however, a slight reduction (90.3%) was observed in 6.5-year woodlots. Seedlings and younger trees were more damaged than mature trees. Tree producers did not implement any cultural control measures and lacked information about the occurrence, identity, and damage caused by diseases. Instead, they converted their younger plantations to other land uses and harvested older ones for fences, firewood, and charcoal. The disease was perceived as severe during the rainy seasons (74.6%). Most respondents (94.3%) were still interested in production and related activities, while 5.7% were strongly discouraged. Commencing plantations with a mix of non-target, fast-growing, and environmentally-friendly trees is ideal. Research on the integrated management of Uromycladium acaciae should be strengthened.
The Role of Zeolite in Alleviating Lead Toxicity in Tubifex tubifex Yeşilbudak, Burcu
Biota Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Jurna Biota 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/biota.v0i0.25096

Abstract

Low-cost, environmentally friendly adsorbents and catalysts have gained importance in research due to their impact on heavy metals in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of adsorbent material properties of zeolite against the lead bioaccumulation of Tubifex tubifex (Müller 1774). The oligochaete worms were exposed to 0.1 μg/l Pb, 0.1 μg/l Pb+0.1 μg/l zeolite, and 0.1 μg/l Pb+1 μg/l zeolite mixtures for 24, 48, and 96 hours. Lead accumulation in the whole body and environmental media of T. tubifex was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).  Lead toxicity increased with increasing durations of exposure. In all groups, lead accumulation was obtained to be statistically significant at exposure times. The presence and concentration of zeolite significantly reduced the accumulation of lead content in T. tubifex.
Induction of in Vitro Germination of Tandui (Mangifera rufocostata Kostrem.): Effect of Antioxidants and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Fitriani, Adistina; Arifin, Yudi Firmanul; Hatta, Gusti Muhammad; Wahdah, Raihani
Biota Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Jurna Biota 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/biota.v11i1.22190

Abstract

The bark of tandui (Mangifera rufocostata Kostrem.) is commonly used as a medicine for diabetes. Regeneration of this plant is difficult, and continuous harvesting of the bark leads to a decrease in the plant population. The purpose of this research is to apply tissue culture techniques for the propagation of tandui. Different antioxidants (KNO3, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Murashige and Skoog (MS) media + PVP, and MS + ascorbic acid) and varying concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 mg L–1) were tested for embryogenic tandui. The application of KNO3 and PVP suppressed the formation of browning in the media and explant of tandui. Soaking the explants in KNO3 and PVP reduce browning to 35% and 20%, respectively. The results also showed that increasing the concentration of 2,4-D enhanced the percentage of embryogenic tandui. Supplementing the media with 1.4 mg L–1 2,4-D resulted in 90% of embryogenic tandui. This study demonstrates that pre-soaking explants in antioxidants significantly reduces media browning, and supplementation of MS media with 2,4-D enhance embryogenic process. Thus, micropropagation of tandui could be achieved on a commercial basis.
Potensi Antidiare dan Profil Fitokimia Ekstrak Elaeocarpus longifolius (Jambu Wer) dengan Perbedaan Pelarut Bhagawan, Weka Sidha; Bhagawan, Weka; Maritha, Vevi; Zatalini, Dioni; Mandalawati, Titin; Prasetyo, Yona; Peria, Jo; Santos, Gema; Rivera, Alice; Hison, Jade; Donato, Percival; Amaranto, Jennifer; Tanghal, Analiza
Biota Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Jurna Biota 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/biota.v11i1.25845

Abstract

The ethnopharmacological significance of Elaeocarpus longifolius (Jambu Wer), an indigenous medicinal plant of the Tengger Tribe, remains underexplored. This study evaluates the antibacterial and phytochemical properties of E. longifolius fruit extracts using ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and chloroform as solvents. Antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae, pathogens commonly associated with severe diarrhea, using the agar disk-diffusion method. Phytochemical screening was conducted using reagent-based tests and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The ethanol extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones exceeding 20 mm against both bacterial species. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins (compounds known for their pharmacological properties). These findings highlight the potential of E. longifolius ethanol extract as a promising natural therapeutic candidate for the development of Fitofarmaka targeting diarrheal diseases.  

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