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Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
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Articles 115 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 14, No 2 (2025)" : 115 Documents clear
Evaluation of Selected Pharmacological Properties of a Polyherbal Extract (Aju Mbaise) in Experimental Rats Uroko, Robert Ikechukwu; Ijioma, Nnah Solomon; Ogbonna, Henry Nnaemeka; Uchenna, Nancy Oluomachi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.591-599

Abstract

Aju Mbaise, an herbal combination widely utilized in southeastern Nigeria for managing postpartum complications and alleviating menstrual pain, was evaluated for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diarrheal properties in rats. Specific objectives included evaluating anti-diarrheal effects, examining anti-inflammatory effects and assessing analgesic properties of the herbal combination. The study involved subjecting the Aju Mbaise polyherbal extract (APE) to phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity testing. Anti-diarrheal effects were evaluated by administering charcoal as a meal and using castor oil-induced models. Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed through the carrageenan-induced paw oedema model, and analgesic properties were examined using the acetic acid-induced pain model. Phytochemical analysis identified alkaloids, tannins, phenols, steroids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids, and saponins in the extract. The acute toxicity value exceeded 5000 mg/kg body weight, indicating safety. In animal studies, APE exhibited significant inhibitory effects on intestinal motility, reduced wet stool frequency, and influenced the castor oil-induced diarrhoea and enhanced anti-inflammatory activities. Additionally, it demonstrated a reduction in acetic acid-induced pain in rats. The APE with its diverse phytochemical composition, possesses anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. However, further research is needed to establish ideal dosages and potential adverse effects.
Formulation and Evaluation of Spirulina-Based Gel with Varying Carbopol Concentrations for Anti-Acne Activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis Yunitha, Emmellia; Nilawati, Anita; Novita, Mega; Marlina, Dian
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.699-705

Abstract

Spirulina platensis is a blue-green microalga known for its antibacterial properties, offering potential as a natural alternative in acne treatment. Acne vulgaris, often caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis, requires effective topical solutions. Gels are favored for their non-greasy texture, ease of application, and good skin absorption. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate anti-acne gels containing 25% Spirulina extract with varying Carbopol concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%). Each formulation was assessed for physical properties, stability over 21 days, and antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis. All gel formulations met quality standards for pH, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness. The gel with 0.5% Carbopol (FI) showed the best spreadability, ideal viscosity, and good adhesiveness, along with the highest antibacterial activity, exhibiting an inhibition zone of 16.5 mm—comparable to tetracycline. In conclusion, Spirulina-based gel with 0.5% Carbopol offers an effective, stable, and natural anti-acne option. These findings highlight the potential of Spirulina as a bioactive agent in topical formulations and encourage further research for clinical applications in acne management.
Stability Test and Antioxidant Activity Test of Sheet Mask Preparation of Avocado Peel (Persea americana Mill) Ethanol Extract with DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Pikrilhydrazil) method Khasanah, Uswatun; Hariningsih, Yetti; Ma'arif, Syamsul; Prambudi, Hery
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.663-671

Abstract

The avocado plant (Persea americana Mill) is known to have various benefits, one of which is in the skin of the fruit which contains flavonoid compounds as antioxidants. This antioxidant compound has the potential to be used as an active ingredient in various cosmetic preparations, one of which is sheet masks. This study aims to determine the physical quality, stability, and antioxidant activity of avocado peel ethanol extract formulated in sheet mask preparation. This study uses a quantitative method with an experimental design, and applies a complete random design (RAL) consisting of three variations of extract concentration, namely 2%, 4%, and 6%. Physical quality evaluation includes organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, and viscosity, as well as stability tests using the cycling test method  for six cycles. Antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method to determine the IC50 value. The results show that all formulas meet good physical quality. The 6% formula has the best stability with a pH of 5.79±0.062, an adhesion of 3.60 ± 0.130 seconds, and a viscosity of 9490.67 ± 27.57 cP. Statistical tests showed no significant changes in pH (p = 0.385), adhesion (p = 0.833), and viscosity (p = 1.000). The antioxidant activity test showed that Sheet mask with a concentration of 6% had an IC50 value of 198.11 ppm and was classified as having weak antioxidant activity, while avocado peel ethanol extract had an IC50 value of 53.11 ppm and was classified as having strong antioxidant activity. So it can be concluded that sheet mask preparations have good physical quality and are stable during storage, but the antioxidant activity of avocado peel extract is higher than sheet mask preparations.
Extracellular Metabolites of Clove-Endophytic Bacteria, Niallia nealsonii DCL1, Exhibit Potential Cellular Antioxidant and Antiaging Activities Salsabilah, Nadiyah; Prastya, Muhammad Eka; Astuti, Rika Indri
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.747-755

Abstract

The clove plant, Syzygium aromaticum L., is a highly valued spice in Indonesia, recognized for its extensive applications in food preservation and medicinal uses. In a prior study, six endophytic bacteria were successfully isolated from clove leaves. One of these isolates, designated as DCL1, is a Gram-positive bacterium identified as Niallia nealsonii. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and antiaging properties of the extracellular metabolite of DCL1. Extracellular metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate and evaluated for antioxidant activity via the DPPH assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were also quantified with further metabolilte profiling using Liquid Chromatography Tandem-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Further study of antiaging activity was assayed using yeast model Schizosacchromyces pombe. The extract from N. nealsonii DCL1 cultures harvested at 28 and 40 hours yielded 0.01% and 0.009%, respectively. Our findings indicate that the 40-hour extract contains higher levels of phenolics (93.54 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract) and flavonoids (12.09 mg quercetin equivalents/g extract) compared to the 28-hour extract. Additionally, the 40-hour extract exhibited greater antioxidant activity than the 28-hour extract, as demonstrated by DPPH (IC50 222 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 511.43 µg/mL) assays. Moreover, the 40-hour extract significantly prolonged the viability of S. pombe, suggesting its potential as an anti-aging agent. LC-MS/MS analysis identified several potential bioactive compounds, including gallic acid and N-carbamoyl-2,3-dihydroxybenzamide, which may contribute to its bioactivity. Ultimately, our study indicates that DCL1 40-h extract showed antiaging potential, which is promising as source and formulation of biopharmaceutical or cosmeceutical products. 
Physicochemical Characterization and Dissolution Enhancement of Mefenamic Acid–Isonicotinamide Crystalline Solid Dispersion Indra, Indra; Apriani, Nurul; Aprillia, Ade Yeni; Wulandari, Winda Trisna; Wardani, Gatut Ari; Gustaman, Firman
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.601-607

Abstract

Poor aqueous solubility limits the bioavailability of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like mefenamic acid. This study aims to improve the solubility and dissolution of mefenamic acid through crystalline solid dispersions using solvent evaporation and co-grinding techniques with selected co-formers. Solid dispersions were formulated at different drug-to-co-former ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) and characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. DSC results revealed reduced crystallinity, indicated by the disappearance of melting peaks and the appearance of a single glass transition temperature. FTIR analysis confirmed hydrogen bonding between the drug and co-former, while PXRD patterns showed a loss of long-range order, supporting the formation of amorphous phases. Dissolution testing demonstrated a significant increase in drug release, particularly in the 1:2 formulation, which outperformed the pure drug and other ratios. These results confirm that the choice of preparation method and co-former ratio critically influence the performance of solid dispersions. This study provides valuable insights into the design of improved oral formulations for poorly soluble drugs, contributing to the advancement of pharmaceutical technology
Antimalaria Potential and Toxicological Evaluation of Synclisia scabrida (Miers) Ex Oliv Methanol Root Extract in Plasmodium berghei-infected Mice Model Nwaefulu, Ogochukwu Ngozi; Nwafor, John Ihechukwu; Ajaghaku, Daniel Lotanna; Amuchie, Ngozi Ezinwanne; Akporotu, Blessing
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.707-715

Abstract

Despite the artemisinin-based combination therapy for malaria treatment, it remains a public health concern globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel antimalarial drugs to arrest this perceived threat to global malaria control. This study aims to investigate the antimalarial potential of S. scabrida (SS) and evaluate its possible effect on haematological and biochemical parameters. Malaria was inoculated in mice using Plasmodium berghei. After 72 h, they were orally treated for four days as follows: Group 1: 10 mL/kg % Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO); Group 2: 140 mg/kg Artemether/lumefantrine; Groups 3, 4 and 5: 500, 250, 125 mg/kg SS methanolic extract, respectively. SS methanolic extract significantly reduced parasite density and percentage parasitemia (p < 0.05) at all doses used in the study, non-significantly increased haematological, biochemical parameters and distorted liver architecture; when compared to the negative control. SS methanolic extract exhibited good antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei. Lower SS dose did not cause significant changes to the lipid profiles. However, the high dose may not be safe since there were some adverse effects shown on the liver and kidney status. Further studies are warranted to determine the effect of the middle and the lowest doses on the liver and kidney.
Molecular Method Optimization to Identify Plasmodium falciparum Multidrug Resistance 1 (pfmdr1) gene as a Predictor of Antimalarial Resistance Sulistyaningsih, Erma; Dewi, Rosita; Rachmania, Sheilla; Kusuma, Irawan Fajar; Kholifaturrohmy, Muhammad Rizqi; Armiyanti, Yunita; Kholifaturrohmah, Sakinatus Sariroh; Andriani, Made Prasanti
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.673-678

Abstract

Several approaches have been designed to control malaria, a disease with high morbidity and mortality, but they face some hurdles. Antimalarial resistance is one of the major challenges for malaria elimination, so the detection of antimalarial resistance is essential. Several molecular markers for antimalarial resistance have been identified, including Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) gene. This study determined the optimization of molecular techniques to identify the pfmdr1 gene as an antimalarial resistance predictor in Indonesia. The study included patients diagnosed with uncomplicated or severe malaria originating from the health district of Kerom Regency, Papua Province, and Dr. Soebandi Hospital, Jember, East Java Province. Blood samples were collected in the Whatmann filer paper after informed consent. DNA was isolated from dried blood filter paper, and nested PCR was performed using a specific primer, the pfmdr1-A and pfmdr1-B genes. The PCR cycle was optimized based on previous studies. The pfmdr1-A has a similar setting to the earlier study, but the pfmdr1-B had a different optimum setting from the previous study with the annealing temperature of 57oC for nested-1 and 62oC for nested-2. This PCR setting could be used for further examination. The positive results of the amplification indicated the potential for antimalarial resistance in the parasite population. A study on the gene copy number and polymorphism is essential to determine the definitive conclusion on antimalarial resistance.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Lime Mistletoe (Dendrophthoe petandra (L.) Miq.) Extract Against Escherichia coli Savitri, Lisa; Mahardika, Juan Vega; Yanti, Novirma; Juwita, Syntia Tanu
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.641-644

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the exploration of alternative antimicrobial agents derived from natural sources. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of lime mistletoe (Dendrophthoe petandra (L.) Miq.) extract against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 using the disc diffusion method. Extract concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% were prepared alongside negative (distilled water) and positive (Cefadroxil) controls. Nutrient Agar (NA) media were inoculated with E. coli and discs impregnated with each concentration were placed on the media, followed by incubation at 37°C for 24 hours. The inhibition zones were measured to assess antibacterial activity. Results demonstrated a concentration-dependent increase in antibacterial efficacy, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 8.3 mm at 20% extract to 20.3 mm at 100% extract concentration. The highest concentration’s inhibition zone was comparable to that of Cefadroxil (22.5 mm). No inhibition was observed in the negative control. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between treatment groups (p < 0.05). The antibacterial activity of lime mistletoe extract is likely due to its bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids and phenolics, which are known to disrupt bacterial cell membranes and inhibit microbial growth. These findings suggest that Dendrophthoe petandra extract holds potential as a natural antibacterial agent, providing an alternative to conventional antibiotics amid growing resistance issues. Further studies involving isolation of active compounds, toxicity evaluation, and in vivo testing are recommended to validate its clinical applicability.
Detection of Escherichia coli Contamination Using Most Probable Number (MPN) Methods of Jamu Pahitan in Singaparna District, Tasikmalaya Rahmawati, Syifa Sri; Mardianingrum, Richa; Susanti, Susanti
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.757-761

Abstract

Indonesians consume a lot of traditional jamu, including jamu pahitan. However, the hygiene aspect in the production and serving process is often neglected, so it has the potential to be contaminated with Escherichia coli. Using the MPN method, this study analyzed the presence of E. coli in jamu pahitan sold in Singaparna District. A total of 10 samples were tested, taken from jamu vendors who used plastic bottle packaging. The MPN test results showed that all samples contained E. coli with MPN values ranging from 6.0-1100 g/mL. None of the samples met food safety standards based on SNI 7388:2009, because the maximum limit of E. coli in drinks is <3 MPN/mL. The results of Gram staining of bacteria showed that the bacteria found were bacilli, red in color, including Gram-negative bacteria, indicating the presence of E. coli bacteria.
Cytogenotoxicity Test and Biological Evaluation of Curculigo latifolia Extract with Bioindicators Allium cepa L. var. aggregate Susanti, Susan; Hernahadini, Nelis; Suprapto, Subagio Joko; Haryanto, Haryanto
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.609-614

Abstract

Curculigo latifolia plants have secondary metabolites that can suppress cell division. Compounds that suppress cell division can be used as anticancer drug candidates. This research aims to determine the effect of C. latifolia root extract on cell division and genotoxic effects using bioindicator A. cepa L. var. aggregatum. This study was conducted experimentally with a completely randomized design (CRD) using 6 treatment levels and 5 replications. The treatment levels in this study were K (water), K + (H2O2 300 Mm), K - (H2O2 26 hours + water 46 hours) and a combination of treatments at P1, P2, and P3 with H2O2 immersion (26 hours) and continued immersion of C. latifolia root extract concentrations of 400 µg mL-1, 600 µg mL-1 and 800 µg mL-1 (46 hours). The roots of A. cepa from the soaking treatment of C. latifolia extract were used to make preparations using the squash method. The results of the ANOVA test showed that the administration of C. latifolia root extract had a significant effect on the mitotic index and cell abnormalities (P<0.05). P1 had the most effective value in reducing the mitotic index and cell chromosome abnormalities.

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