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INDONESIA
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 485 Documents
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Application of Edible Coating Water Soluble Based Chitosan Nanoparticles and Polyvinyl Alcohol in Strawberry (Fragaria Ananassa) Storage Billa, Likia Salsa; Rachmawati, Yunita; Kusumaninghayu, Titis; Nugroho, Pandu Lintang; Pusparani, Angela Merici; Fadhallah, Esa Ghanim; Winanti, Diki Danar Tri; Hartono, Madi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1077-1083

Abstract

Strawberries (Fragaria ananassa) are highly sought after for their vibrant color and unique flavor. However, their high perishability and rapid quality degradation lead to significant post-harvest losses and a decrease in market value. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an edible coating based on WSC nanoparticles and PVA on the quality characteristics of strawberries during storage. The research methodology included the synthesis of WSC nanoparticles, preparation of the coating solution, application to strawberries, and subsequent storage. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single-factor arrangement was utilized, comprising five PVA concentrations (0%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) with three replications. The results demonstrated that the application of the nanoparticle WSC-PVA-based edible coating effectively reduced weight loss and delayed physical deterioration. Increasing PVA concentrations led to a more effective preservation of total soluble solids (°Brix), a lower weight loss percentage, and a slower decline in vitamin C content. Higher PVA concentrations were found to reduce the rate of quality degradation and moisture loss. The coating formulation containing 4% PVA (P3) exhibited the best performance, maintaining a water content of 92.24%, total soluble solids of 2 °Brix, a pH of 4.3, a weight loss of 30%, and a vitamin C retention rate of 9.02%. The findings of this study offer a valuable solution for farmers to mitigate strawberry quality decline and provide new insights for future research on food preservation.
Effectiveness of Antioxidant Compounds in Minaserua Herbal Drink from Bima as a Functional Food on Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels Anisah, Anisah; Septiani, Baiq Dewi Sukma
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1193-1199

Abstract

Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are major risk factors for degenerative diseases with increasing prevalence. Minaserua, a traditional herbal drink from Bima made from black glutinous rice, ginger, turmeric, clove, Javanese chili, black pepper, palm sugar, and coconut milk, is rich in bioactive compounds and potentially reduces blood pressure and cholesterol levels. This study employed a pre-post control group design. Participants were divided into an experimental group, receiving Minaserua daily for 2–4 weeks, and a control group, receiving no intervention. Blood pressure and cholesterol levels were measured before and after the intervention. Antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH spectrophotometric method. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests. Minaserua exhibited strong antioxidant activity with an IC-50 of 41.30 mg/ml. The experimental group showed significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and significant increases in HDL (p < 0.05), along with significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). The control group showed no significant changes, except for a marginal increase in HDL. Minaserua herbal drink effectively improves lipid profiles and lowers blood pressure, supporting its potential as a functional food for preventing hypertension and hypercholesterolemia.
Association Between Lip Prints and Blood Groups Among Koya University Students Smail, Harem Othman; Hassan, Rezhna Khder; Ismail, Helin Omer
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1159-1163

Abstract

Lip prints, also known as cheiloscopy, are designs created by the positioning of creases and lines around the red edge of a person’s lip. In forensic science, lip prints can be used for identification just like fingerprints. Blood is categorized into blood groups, sometimes called blood types, according to whether or not specific antigens are present on the surface of red blood cells. The aim of this project was to discover the correlation between lip prints and blood groups. A study involving 334 volunteers aged 18-25, collected at Koya University, used standard blood typing methods to determine their blood groups. Our results discovered a correlation between lip prints and blood groups in females; there is a correlation, but in males, there is not a correlation. The research indicates a correlation between blood groups and lip print patterns, suggesting that lip print traits may be linked to blood groups in females.
Soybean Plant Growth and Production Response (Glycine max (L.) Merril) to the Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (Poc) Apu – Apu (Pistia stratiotes L.) Plant and Various Soil Reformers on Ultisol Soil Media Panggabean, Ellen Lumisar; Azwana, Azwana
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1121-1127

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the growth and yield responses of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) to the application of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) derived from apu-apu (Pistia stratiotes L.) and various soil conditioners on Ultisol soil. The research was carried out from September to December 2020 at the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Medan Area, located at an altitude of 22 masl with flat topography, Ultisol soil characteristics, and a soil pH of 4.94. The experimens used a randomized block design with two factors: (1) concensrations of apu-apu LOF (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% per liter of water) and (2) types of soil conditioners (no conditioner, rice-husk biochar, Mucuna bracteata green manure, and human-hair organic amendmens at 50 g per polybag). Observed parameters included plans height, number of branches, flowering age, number of bunches per plans and per plot, number of pods per plans and per plot, seed weight per plans and per plot, and 100-seed dry weight. The results showed that the application of LOF from apu-apu significansly increased several agronomic and yield componenss, namely number of branches at 6 WAP, number of bunches per plans and per plot, number of pods per plans and per plot, seed weight per plans and per plot, and 100-seed dry weight. Meanwhile, the application of differens soil conditioners produced highly significans effects on plans height at 4–6 WAP, number of pods per plant and per plot, seed weight per plans and per plot, and 100-seed dry weight, although it did not significansly affect the number of branches or number of bunches. Overall, the combination of LOF and soil conditioners improved soybean growth and productivity in Ultisol soil conditions.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties of Methanol Extract of Gletang Flower (Tridax procumbens) Situmeang, Boima; Musa, Weny JA; Bialangi, Nurhayati; Sriwijayanti, Sriwijayanti; Widiyanto, Holisha; Susvira, Dian
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1085-1090

Abstract

In a previous study, the methanol extract of Tridax procumbens flowers (commonly known as gletang) at high concentrations was reported to exhibit strong antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis. This study aimed to examine the secondary metabolite content, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of gletang flowers. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using two methods, namely DPPH and ABTS assays. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer method at concentrations of 1000, 5000, and 10000 ppm against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis. Phytochemical screening revealed that the methanol extract of gletang flowers contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, and triterpenoids. The antioxidant activity tests showed very strong activity in both DPPH and ABTS assays, with IC50 values of 6.8478 ± 1.335 and 12.8608 ± 0.579 ppm, respectively. The antibacterial activity tests showed that the methanol extract of gletang flowers exhibited strong activity against E. faecalis at concentrations of 5000 and 10000 ppm, with inhibition zone diameters of 3.00 ± 0.14 and 3.20 ± 0.14 mm, respectively.
Exclusive Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding on Stunting Children Among 12-24 Months: A Retrospective Study Modjo, Dewi; Muhamad, Zuriati; Aisyah P.S.P Oei, Aurelia Intan Sitty
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1201-1206

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding, as well as the incidence of stunting in children between the ages of 12-24 months. An observational analytical study design with a cross-sectional approach was applied to examine the relationship between independent variables (knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding) and the dependent variable (stunting). This study was conducted in the working area of the Kota Tengah Health Center working area. The results showed significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting in children (r: 0.541) with a p-value of 0.000 (p-value < 0.05), as well as a significant relationship between complementary feeding and the incidence of stunting in children (r: 0.332) with a p-value of 0.000 (p-value < 0.05). This study provides valuable information to mothers, highlighting the causes of stunting and promoting preventative measures to minimize its occurrence, such as carrying out consultations at the health care centre with personnel or professionals and addressing cases promptly.
Phytochemical Screening and Blood Glucose Response of Red Dragon Fruit Extract in Alloxan-Induced Mice Pratiwi, I Gusti Agung Istri Mas Dianti; Maharani, Ni Putu Ayu Dian; Kirana, Ni Made Asthi Pramesti; Utari, Putu Nadya Asti; Arthayasa, I Gede Ngurah Bagus; Evayanti, Luh Gde; Wijaya, Made Dharmesti
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1165-1169

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, which can lead to various complications. Natural products, including red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus), have gained attention for their potential antidiabetic properties due to their phytochemical content, particularly flavonoids. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition of red dragon fruit extract and its effect on blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Phytochemical screening was conducted qualitatively to identify the presence of secondary metabolites. Male mice were divided into five groups: a negative control group (no treatment), a positive control group (metformin 10 mg/kg BW), and three treatment groups (T1, T2, T3) receiving red dragon fruit extract at doses of 18.2, 36.4, and 72.8 mg/kg BW, respectively. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (140 mg/kg BW). Treatments were administered orally once daily for 6 days. Blood glucose levels were measured on days 0, 2, 4, and 6. Data were analyzed using the Friedmann test. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins in the extract. Statistical analysis showed no significant reduction in blood glucose levels after administration of red dragon fruit extract at any of the tested doses (p>0.05). Red dragon fruit extract did not exhibit a significant antihyperglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic mice under the tested conditions. This may be attributed to suboptimal dosage, insufficient flavonoid concentration, or a less effective mechanism of action compared to standard therapy. Further studies are needed to optimize the formulation and evaluate its potential using different extraction methods or in combination with other bioactive compounds.
Beneficial Effect of Sumbawa Wild Horse Milk Yogurt on Lipid Profile and Cardiovascular Risk in Rats on a High-Cholesterol Diet Fajriani, Laksmi Nur; Sukanty, Ni Made Wiasty; Putri, Dea Pratiwi Silpia; Febriani, Esya Mariska
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1129-1135

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in Indonesia, with a high prevalence due to a high-cholesterol diet that triggers hypercholesterolemia. The use of statins as a long-term pharmacological therapy often causes side effects, so safe natural alternatives are needed. Sumbawa wild horse milk is a potential functional food source that contains essential fatty acids and lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which have probiotic potential. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Sumbawa wild horse milk yogurt on total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Atherogenic Index (AI), and Cardiac Risk Ratio (CRR) levels in hypercholesterolemic male Wistar rats. A total of 30 rats were divided into six groups: normal, positive control (high-cholesterol diet), negative control (simvastatin), and three treatment groups, T1, T2, and T3, with doses of Sumbawa wild horse milk yogurt of 2, 3, and 4 ml/day, respectively, for 28 days. The results showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol levels (p = 0.006), with the lowest levels observed in the T3 treatment group (95.25 ± 20.17 mg/dL). Although HDL, LDL, IA, and CRR levels did not show significant differences (p > 0.05), a trend of improvement in lipid profiles was observed in the treatment group, characterized by an increase in HDL and a decrease in LDL, AI, and CRR compared to the positive control. The mechanism of cholesterol reduction is thought to be mediated through the activity of LAB, which assimilates cholesterol, facilitates bile acid deconjugation, and produces short-chain fatty acids that inhibit cholesterol absorption. Thus, Sumbawa wild horse milk yogurt has the potential to be a hypocholesterolemic functional food that can improve lipid profiles and reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and CVD.
Therapeutic Effect of Topical Ointment Ethanol Extract From Patiwala Leaves (Lantana camara) on Histological Profile of Incision Wounds in Diabetic Rat Models Orno, Theosobia Grace; Rosanty, Anita; Atmaja, Ratih Feraritra Danu; Hasan, Zulfikar Ali; Yuniarty, Tuty; Putra, Ahmat Rediansya
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1091-1097

Abstract

Diabetic wounds are one of the neurovascular complications of diabetes. Hyperglycemia complicates the healing of diabetic wounds, which are susceptible to infection and chronic inflammation. Topical treatment using herbal extracts aims to reduce the side effects of surrounding tissue damage. A topical ointment made from ethanol extract of Patiwala (Lantana camara) leaves, which has been tested for product quality, has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects that has been proven to help accelerate the healing of diabetic wounds in rats through parameters such as reduced wound diameter, changes in the number of fibroblast cells, and collagen fiber formation seen in the histological profile during 21 days of therapy with a concentration of 15% (p>0.05) compared to the positive control of 10% betadine.
Evaluating Acute Toxicity of Jamu Cekok in Rats: A Histopathological Approach Based on OECD 425 The, Michelle; Astuti, Puji; Aisyah, Siti; Kurniawan, Hadi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1207-1217

Abstract

Jamu cekok, an Indonesian traditional medicine to increase children appetite, has not passed preclinical or clinical trials. The rhizomes that make up jamu cekok such as pakai bahasa latinnya contain ethyl p-methoxycinnamate which is toxic, thus potentially harmful to the children. Therefore in this study we aim to determine the Lethal Dose (LD50) value of jamu cekok using the OECD 425 method as well as to observed the histopathological change in the liver in female Rattus norvegicus L. This study used an analytical experimental design with the OECD 425 method to test the acute toxicity of jamu cekok. The test rats used were in accordance with the OECD 425 protocol with an additional 2 negative control rats. Jamu cekok in the form of decocta were given once on the first day of the acute toxicity test and observed for 14 days. On the 15th day, rats were euthanized, dissected, and hepatic organs were taken to make histopathological preparations with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Analysis of hepatic damage was assessed using Histopathology Scoring Manja Roenigk and tested by Kruskal Wallis method. The results showed the LD50 value of decocta extract of jamu cekok was >5000 mg/kgBB. Observations of body weight, behavioral tests, organ index, and macroscopic hepar of test rats showed no signs of toxicity. However, The statistical analysis for histopathology test showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the negative control group and the 5000 mg/kgBB treatment group. In conclusion, the administration of jamu cekok was categorized as practically non-toxic but it can caused reversible hepatic damage at a dose of 5000 mg/kgBB.

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