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Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, & NATURAL PRODUCT CHEMISTRY, this journal is published to attract and disseminate innovative and expert findings in the fields of plant, animal, and microorganism secondary metabolite, and also the effect of natural product on biological system as a reference source for researchers in these fields, and with the aim to set international standards in their methodology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 485 Documents
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Laboratory Detection of Toenail Onychomycosis Using Malt Extract Agar in Students Savitri, Lisa; Ihsan, Kharisul; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1325-1330

Abstract

Onychomycosis is a common nail disorder caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophyte molds, and yeasts. Despite being more prevalent in older adults, it is increasingly reported among younger populations, including university students, due to lifestyle factors and communal exposures. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is critical for effective management, but conventional methods remain limited in sensitivity. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and etiological profile of toenail onychomycosis among university students using potassium hydroxide (KOH) microscopy and Malt Extract Agar (MEA) culture. A total of 98 students with clinical signs of onychomycosis provided toenail specimens. Direct microscopy examination with 20% KOH was performed, followed by culture on MEA at 28–30 °C for up to 21 days. Fungal isolates were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic morphology. Statistical analysis assessed associations between clinical features and culture results. KOH microscopy detected fungal elements in 59.2% of specimens, while MEA culture yielded growth in 63.3%. When combined, the overall prevalence of confirmed onychomycosis was 71.4%. Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequent isolate (35.5% of positive cultures), followed by non-dermatophyte molds such as Aspergillus and Fusarium, and yeasts including Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. Nail thickening and discoloration were significantly associated with culture positivity (p < 0.05). Onychomycosis is prevalent among university students, with MEA culture providing superior diagnostic yield compared to KOH microscopy alone. The identification of non-dermatophyte molds and yeasts underscores the importance of comprehensive diagnostic strategies for guiding effective treatment. Future studies should combine culture and molecular methods to enhance detection accuracy and clarify the clinical significance of emerging pathogens.
Nutritional Value Assessment of Marasmiellus inoderma Sporophores Cultivated on Maize Cobs and Coffee Grounds Gertrude, Mbumbu Luswamu; Alain, Tshisuaka Nkongolo; Carmelle, Dibaluka Nlandu; Mawunu, Monizi; Jeff, Iteku Bekomo; Joseph, Lumande Kasali; Justin, Mundele Mukongo; Ngbolua, Koto-Te-Nyiwa; Simon, Dibaluka Mpulusu; Félicien, Lukoki Luyeye
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1459-1467

Abstract

The Democratic Republic of Congo possesses significant agricultural potential, yet its population faces food insecurity, malnutrition, and limited access to essential foodstuffs, resulting in famines in several provinces. This study conducted a comparative analysis of yields and protein content in Marasmiellus inoderma sporophores cultivated on maize cobs and coffee grounds, as well as those collected from the wild. Experiments were carried out at four sites: the Luki Biosphere Reserve (Kongo Central), the experimental garden, the soil laboratory, and the myciculture laboratory. Average yields after four flushes were 31.7 % on maize cobs and 28.23 % on coffee grounds. Protein content was higher in sporophores cultivated on maize cobs (29.37 %) than on coffee grounds (24.98 %), with laboratory-grown samples consistently exhibiting greater protein levels than wild-collected sporophores. These results indicate that cultivating M. inoderma on locally available agro-industrial substrates offers a promising strategy to enhance food security and reduce malnutrition in the DRC, with strong potential for dissemination among both urban and rural producers.
Comparison of the Antibacterial Activity of Lime Mistletoe Extract (Dendrophthoe petandra (L.) Miq.) Against Staphylococcus aureus with Standard Antibiotics Savitri, Lisa; Daniati, Mila Putri; Rahmasari, Kharisma; Juwita, Syntia Tanu
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1285-1288

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus remains a major cause of infections worldwide and is increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Natural products, particularly medicinal plants, are valuable sources of alternative antibacterial agents. Lime mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.), traditionally used in Indonesian medicine, contains diverse phytochemicals that may exhibit antibacterial activity. Leaves of D. pentandra were collected, dried, and extracted using 96% ethanol. The crude extract was screened for phytochemicals and tested against S. aureus (ATCC 25923) using disk diffusion, broth microdilution, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Oxacillin and vancomycin served as positive controls, while 1% DMSO was used as a negative control. All tests were performed in triplicate, and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with significance set at p < 0.05. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids. The extract produced inhibition zones of 8.5 ± 0.3 mm, 12.7 ± 0.5 mm, and 16.3 ± 0.6 mm at 25%, 50%, and 100% concentrations, respectively. MIC and MBC values were determined to be 250 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL, with an MBC/MIC ratio of 2, indicating bactericidal activity. Inhibition zones of the extract at its highest concentration were comparable to oxacillin, though vancomycin exhibited superior activity. Ethanol extract of D. pentandra demonstrated moderate yet significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Its bactericidal potential and phytochemical diversity support its role as a candidate for further development, especially in topical applications or as a source of active lead compounds. Further research should investigate activity against resistant strains, cytotoxicity, and in vivo efficacy.
Radar absorbing Films Based on Chitosan–Polyvinyl Alcohol Incorporated with Hydroxyapatite from Yellowfin Tuna Bone Waste Sitohang, Fran Denis; Fadlurrohman Ayyasy, Muhammad Hibban; Fadhallah, Esa Ghanim
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1413-1418

Abstract

Radar absorbing films (RAF) play a crucial role in stealth technology by reducing radar reflections and thereby lowering the detectability of objects. Conventional inorganic absorbers such as ferrite and carbon are effective but present limitations due to their high density, cost, and limited environmental compatibility. These challenges have driven interest in developing lightweight, sustainable, and polymer-based alternatives. Yellowfin tuna bone waste, containing approximately 60–70% minerals predominantly composed of hydroxyapatite, offers a promising source for enhancing electromagnetic absorption while simultaneously supporting waste valorization. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical and electromagnetic properties of RAF from chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and hydroxyapatite derived from yellowfin tuna bone waste. The films were produced with varying chitosan concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%) and characterized for tensile strength, elongation, stiffness, and electromagnetic absorption across the 5–10 GHz frequency range. The tensile strength increased from 0.105 MPa in the control to 0.151 MPa at 2% chitosan, while elongation declined from 39% at 0.5% chitosan to 21% at 1.5% chitosan. The optimal absorption was observed at 1.5% chitosan, exhibiting a reflection loss of 14 dB at 8 GHz, which corresponds to approximately 96% absorption with only 4% reflection. Overall, the films demonstrated a favorable balance between mechanical integrity and electromagnetic wave absorption, highlighting their potential as lightweight, flexible, and environmentally sustainable radar absorbing materials.
Formulation of a Synergistic Herbal Blend of Green Tea (Camelia sinensis) and Traditional Spices for Immune Support and Anxiety Relief Ardyansyah, Ananta; Wijaya, Dika Putra; Danar, Danar; Nareswari, Tsalis Jauza; Utami, Anggun Frista; Annisaa, Annisaa; Nadhifah, Diana; Fitrianingrum, Lely
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1561-1568

Abstract

COVID-19 not only brings problems to physical health but also mental health, such as anxiety. Excessive anxiety is very dangerous because it can reduce the number of white blood cells in the bloodstream. Excessive anxiety also triggers the production of excess cortisol which interferes with the immune system. This could be overcome by the combination of tea which has a relaxing effect with several immunomodulatory herbs. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) has been shown to have the effect of reducing one's anxiety and improving one's psychological health. The tea is combined with other spices, namely (Zingiber officinale), turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val), and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii). This study was conducted to find out that the combination formed has met safety standards, so it can be used as an immunity-boosting drink during a pandemic. Standardization includes testing for moisture content, ash content, and organoleptic tests. The results obtained were the water content of herbal tea was as much as 6.26%, while the ash content of the tea was 5.74%. The water content and ash content had met the standards of the Ministry of Health regarding the preparation of herbal medicines. The organoleptic test performed showed that the formulation obtained was dominated by the taste of ginger, the color of turmeric, and the smell of cinnamon.
The Potency of Kuldon® Solution in The Healing Process of Aphthous Stomatitis Priandini, Dewi; Pakpahan, Alfred; Amtha, Rahmi; Sulistia, Aprilia Puspita; Abrijanto, Abrijanto
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1241-1245

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Kuldon® solution in the healing process of aphthous stomatitis.  Methods: A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 60 subjects (27 males, 33 females), randomly assigned to receive either Kuldon® solution (Drug A) or hyaluronic acid rinse (Drug B). Pain was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and lesion diameter was measured on days 2, 5, and 7. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). Results: Drug A showed a greater reduction in pain and lesion size compared to Drug B. By day 5, 100% of Drug A users reported no pain, with 90% showing lesion reduction.Conclusion: Kuldon® solution demonstrates significant therapeutic potential in managing aphthous stomatitis.
Formulation of an Anti-acne Cream Containing Ethanolic Extract of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Lailatusholihah, Isna; Prastiwi, Dina Alva; Ni'mah, Afiatun; Yudhistira, Yudhistira
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1379-1384

Abstract

Portulaca oleracea (purslane) is a medicinal plant known for its antibacterial potential due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. This study aimed to formulate an anti-acne cream containing the ethanol extract of P. oleracea and to evaluate its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The extract was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol, and antibacterial testing was performed using the well diffusion method. The results showed that the ethanol extract demonstrated antibacterial activity, with the highest effect observed in formulation F3, which produced an inhibition zone of 13 mm (strong category). F3 also exhibited desirable physicochemical characteristics, including a spreading diameter of 6.5 cm, viscosity of 14,340 cP, and pH of 5, all of which complied with standard requirements. These findings indicate that P. oleracea ethanol extract has potential as an active ingredient in topical anti-acne formulations.
Isolation, Characterization and Growth Optimization of Glufosunate Ammonium Degrading Bacteria from Farmlands Soil in Mubi Yakubu, Kabiru; Ibrahim, Salihu; Bello, Ahmad Umar; Babandi, Abba
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1509-1527

Abstract

The persistent application of glufosinate ammonium as a non-selective herbicide in agricultural practices raises significant environmental concerns due to its potential accumulation and eco-toxicity. This study focused on the isolation, characterization, degradation and optimization of glufosinate ammonium degrading bacteria from agricultural soil in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Three isolates were screened from mineral salt medium containing glufosinate ammonium herbicides as carbon source which are isolate GA1, GA2 and GA3 but the isolate GA3 strain show highest degradation potential of glufosinate ammonium compare to GA1 and GA2 which was  determined by UV-spectrophotometer and further by LC-MS which showed degradation by 75.9%  the GA3 strain was characterized morphologically and biochemically as gram positive, and through 16SrRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed isolate GA3 (94.45% 16SrRNA homology to Bacillus ). Optimization of the degradation condition was performed using the one factor at a time (OFAT) approach, which revealed that the strain has growth optima at 35oC, pH 7.0, 10 mg/L glufosinate ammonium, with 5% inoculum size, and 48 hours’ incubation peak growth, the GA3 stain had growth stimulated best with glutamic acid 1g/L, (nitrogen source), and sucrose 1g/L (carbon source), exposure to heavy metal revealed Zn,Cu, and Fe stimulate growth whereas Pb and Hg caused significant inhibition. (p<0.0001, ANOVA). Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization enhanced degradation efficiency with GA3 strain degrading 75.9% glufosinate ammonium, the model shows great fit to the quadratic model (R2=0.9552) for GA3strain (F=23.66., P<0.0001). The results revealed that GA3 strain is capable of significant glufosinate ammonium degradation, with optimized conditions enhancing degradation efficiency. This study revealed great potential of indigenous soil microbes in bioremediation of herbicides-contaminated environments and provide a foundation for the development of eco-friendly strategies to mitigate glufosinate pollution in agricultural systems.
Utilization of QR Code Technology in Population Management and Identification of Cattle in Sindue District, Central Sulawesi Mujayin, Yudi; Hauris, Hauris; Fakhirah, Fitrah; Pratiwi, Alda
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1331-1338

Abstract

The implementation of a QR barcode-based recording system in Sindue District aimed to improve livestock management efficiency. However, digital transformation in rural livestock management faces challenges such as a lack of technological understanding and limited smartphone access. The objective of this study was to analyze livestock farmers' perceptions of the recording system and digital transformation. The method used in this study was a survey with structured interviews (questionnaires) with 66 sample livestock farmers. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and correlation. The results showed that farmers' perceptions of QR barcode technology fell into the "Quite Agree" category, with a total score of 398. The knowledge subvariable showed limited understanding of QR barcode technology (63.8% did not understand), but awareness of its benefits received a high response (83.3% agreed). The socio-cultural aspect received a very positive response (score 195), while the constraints subvariable received a low response (score 106). Farmers support the implementation of a digital QR barcode recording system, although implementation remains hampered by limited technical understanding. Furthermore, correlation analysis shows a significant relationship between the recording system and digital technology (p < 0.05), with the strongest relationship being between sociocultural aspects and constraints (r = 0.750).
Total Phenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant Activity and GC-MS Analysis of a New Variety of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Akmalia, Hafidha Asni; Pranatami, Dwimei Ayudewandari
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1469-1476

Abstract

Consuming foods rich in antioxidants plays an important role in human health, one of which is through rice. This research aimed to describe the total phenol content and total flavonoids content as well as GC-MS analysis of raw Baroma rice extract and analyze the antioxidant activity of Baroma rice in different cooking methods. Baroma rice was collected from Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia thus was analyzed to get data about total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and compouds identifies using GC-MS. We also analyzed antioxidant activity of Baroma rice among raw, rice cooked in stove and magic com extract using Anova test followed by Tukey test. The result proved that total phenol content was 85.64 mg/L and total flavonoid content was 78.28 mg/L, meanwhile the highest antioxidant activity was in raw extract of Baroma followed by rice cooked in magic com and stove, suggesting that cooking method effected on its property. GC-MS analysis showed the diversity of chemical compound, totaling 15 compounds and peaks.

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