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Elkawnie
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh
ISSN : 24608912     EISSN : 24608920     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Engineering
Elkawnie is a journal of Integration Science and Technology with Islam. It's covering research and technology in the field of study of Architecture, Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Engineering, ICT, Physical Engineering and other science and technology field. In particular, Elkawnie's journal discusses the development of research and technology in contributing to development as part of Muslim scientists in the academic sphere.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 472 Documents
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Comparative Modeling of Harmonic Wave Reduction on Periodic Signals Through Fourier Series Integration and Passive Filter Effectiveness Siregar, Muhammad Fadlan; Ramdan, Dadan
Elkawnie Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Article In Press
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v12i1.34240

Abstract

Abstract: Harmonic distortion is a crucial problem in electric power systems caused by the use of non-linear loads, this study presents a comparative modeling of harmonic wave reduction on periodic signals through Fourier Series integration and the use of passive filters, research methodology involves collecting real data in the field using a power quality analyzer  FLUKE 435 series II on a distribution panel to identify the critical load profile. Load characteristics are analyzed through individual current decomposition (IHDi) from the 3rd to 23rd order. The observation results show that load  has the highest fundamental current peak of 0.541 A with dominant distortion in the 3rd and 5th orders. The implementation of a specifically tuned RLC passive filter is proven to be effective in improving the current waveform to a pure sinusoidal in the time domain with a fundamental frequency of 50 Hz. Overall, the integration of this mathematical model is able to suppress harmonics to meet the international standard IEEE 519, ensuring the efficiency and stability of the electric power distribution system, The results of the data analysis and modeling conducted indicate that Fourier series integration is highly effective in representing the characteristics of nonlinear loads in electric power systems, determining filter values ​​that will reduce harmonics and the appropriate filter models. Abstrak: Distorsi harmonik merupakan masalah penting pada sistem tenaga listrik yang disebabkan oleh penggunaan beban non-linier. Studi ini menyajikan pemodelan komparatif pengurangan gelombang harmonik pada sinyal periodik melalui integrasi deret Fourier dan penggunaan filter pasif, metodologi penelitian melibatkan pengumpulan data dunia nyata di lapangan menggunakan power quality analyzer  FLUKE 435 series II pada panel distribusi untuk mengidentifikasi profil beban kritis, karakteristik beban dianalisis melalui dekomposisi arus individual (IHDi) dari orde ke-3 hingga ke-23. Observasi menunjukkan bahwa Beban memiliki arus puncak fundamental tertinggi sebesar 0,541 A, dengan distorsi dominan pada orde ke-3 dan ke-5. Implementasi filter pasif RLC yang disetel secara khusus terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan bentuk gelombang arus menjadi sinusoidal murni dalam domain waktu dengan frekuensi fundamental 50 Hz. Secara keseluruhan, integrasi model matematika ini mampu menekan harmonik untuk memenuhi standar internasional IEEE 519, memastikan efisiensi dan stabilitas sistem distribusi daya listrik. Hasil analisis data dan pemodelan yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa integrasi deret fourier sangat efektif dalam merepresentasikan karakteristik beban non-linier dalam sistem daya listrik untuk menentukan nilai filter yang akan mengurangi harmonik dan model filter yang dapat digunakan.
Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Via Sol–Gel Method for Tooth Remineralization Applications Setiadji, Soni; Damayanti, Frida Aziz; Septiani, Fiona Putri; Wahana, Agung; Rosahdi, Tina Dewi
Elkawnie Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Article In Press
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Abstract: Enamel, the outermost and most highly mineralized tissue in the human body, is composed predominantly of hydroxyapatite and is susceptible to demineralization under acidic conditions, which can lead to enamel erosion and dental caries. Due to its chemical similarity to natural tooth mineral, hydroxyapatite has been extensively investigated as a biomimetic material for enamel remineralization. This study aimed to synthesize hydroxyapatite via the sol–gel method, formulate it into a hydroxyapatite-based paste, and evaluate its remineralization effect on demineralized premolar enamel. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized through a sol–gel process involving the reaction of Ca(OH)2 and H3PO4 at 60 °C followed by pH adjustment, aging, drying, and calcination. The material was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and particle size analysis (PSA). The hydroxyapatite paste was applied once daily for 14 consecutive days to demineralized premolar enamel, and remineralization was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD confirmed the formation of the hydroxyapatite phase, XRF indicated a Ca/P ratio of 1.72, and PSA showed an average particle size of 344.2 nm, suggesting the presence of particle agglomeration. SEM analysis demonstrated reduced surface porosity and partial filling of enamel defects after treatment compared to demineralized enamel. This study provides a simple sol–gel synthesis and application approach for hydroxyapatite paste, offering potential relevance for future development of non-invasive enamel repair materials in dental restorative applications. Abstrak: Enamel, yang merupakan jaringan terluar dan paling termineralisasi tinggi pada tubuh manusia, tersusun secara dominan oleh hidroksiapatit dan rentan mengalami demineralisasi dalam kondisi asam, yang dapat memicu terjadinya erosi enamel dan karies gigi. Karena kemiripan kimianya dengan mineral alami gigi, hidroksiapatit telah diteliti secara luas sebagai material biomimetik untuk remineralisasi enamel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis hidroksiapatit melalui metode sol–gel, memformulasikannya ke dalam bentuk pasta berbasis hidroksiapatit, serta mengevaluasi efek remineralisasinya pada enamel gigi premolar yang terdemineralisasi. Hidroksiapatit disintesis melalui proses sol–gel yang melibatkan reaksi antara Ca(OH)2 dan H3PO4 pada suhu 60 °C, diikuti dengan penyesuaian pH, aging (penuaan), pengeringan, dan kalsinasi. Karakterisasi material dilakukan menggunakan XRD, XRF, dan PSA. Pasta hidroksiapatit diaplikasikan sekali sehari selama 14 hari berturut-turut pada enamel gigi premolar yang telah terdemineralisasi, dan proses remineralisasinya dievaluasi menggunakan SEM. Hasil XRD mengonfirmasi terbentuknya fase hidroksiapatit, analisis XRF menunjukkan rasio Ca/P sebesar 1,72, dan PSA menunjukkan ukuran partikel rata-rata sebesar 344,2 nm yang mengindikasikan adanya aglomerasi partikel. Analisis SEM menunjukkan penurunan porositas permukaan dan pengisian sebagian pada cacat enamel setelah perlakuan dibandingkan dengan enamel yang terdemineralisasi. Penelitian ini menyediakan pendekatan sintesis sol–gel dan aplikasi yang sederhana untuk pasta hidroksiapatit, serta memberikan relevansi potensial bagi pengembangan material perbaikan enamel non-invasif di masa depan dalam aplikasi restorasi gigi.

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