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MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal)
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 24076724     EISSN : 24425001     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Neuroscience
Malang Neurology Journal is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that focuses on promoting neurological sciences generated from basic neurosciences and clinical neurology. This journal publishes original articles, reviews, and also interesting case reports. Brief communications containing short features of medicine, latest developments in diagnostic procedures of neurology disease, treatment, or other health issues related to neurology that is important also acceptable. Letters and commentaries of our published articles are welcome.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 278 Documents
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THE CORRELATION OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION TO BRAIN GYM IN THE ELDERLY Rianawati, Sri Budhi; Harahap, Herpan Syafii; Raisa, Neila; Setianto, Catur Ari; Nikmahtustsani, Mulika Ade Fitria; Maliga, Helnida Anggun
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): July
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2024.010.02.06

Abstract

Background: A decline in cognitive function is often considered normal in the elderly, but the advanced stages of cognitive decline can decrease the ability to perform functional activities. Brain gym is one of the physical activity therapies that is proven to improve cognitive function. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of brain gym on cognitive function. Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation of cognitive function to brain gym in elderly. Methods: This is a queasy experimental study in 70 respondent with a pre and post-test group design. The subjects were elderly who were examined with Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian (MoCA-Ina) and Visual Reproduction Test (VRT) on the first day and given brain gym 13 times, which was done 2 times in 1 week and re-examined MoCA-Ina and VRT after the intervention. Results: The research results show improvement in the MoCA-Ina and VRT pre and post-examinations after being given intervention. In the MoCA-INA examination, the mean score of the pretest was 23.30 and the mean score of the post-test was 24.50, while in the VRT examination, the mean score of the pretest was 10.08, and the post-test mean score was 10.83. However, there was no significant difference between MoCA-Ina or VRT in pre- and post-interventional brain gym (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between cognitive function which is marked by an increase in the results of Moca INA and VRT with brain gym in the elderly at Balearjosari Malang
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN NEUTROPHYL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND OPTIC NERVE FUNCTION IN METABOLIC SYNDROME PATIENTS Prayitnaningsih, Seskoati; Puspasari, Eka Fajarina; Hamid, Aulia Abdul; Rosandi, Rulli
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2024.010.01.10

Abstract

Background: The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a new biomarker in predicting various cardiovascular disorders and was expected to be a biomarker for Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients. Objective: This study aims to determine the correlation between NLR and optic nerve function in MetS patients. Methods: A cross sectional study involving 42 patients divided into 3 groups, consist of control group(14 patients, 28 eyes), MetS without NAION group(14 patients, 28 eyes) and MetS with NAION group(14 patients, 19 eyes). The study was conducted at Saiful Anwar General Hospital on January-March 2019. Optic nerve function evaluation includes visual acuity (VA) from Snellen chart, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer(RNFL) from OCT, contrast sensitivity from Pelli Robson test, and visual field defect from Humphrey's perimetry. NLR was calculated and compared among groups using anova test. Then the correlation between NLR and optic nerve function was investigated using Pearson and Spearman test. Results: The NLR was significantly different among groups (p= 0.009), mean of control, MetS without NAION, and MetS with NAION groups 1.70, 1.86, and 2.40 respectively. There were signifficant negative correlation between NLR and visual field defect (p= 0.001,r= -0.487), contrast sensitivity (p= 0.015,r= -0.372), and VA (p= 0.041,r= -0.316), whereas positive correlation between NLR and RNFL statistically insignificant (p= 0.171, r = 0.215). Conclusion: There were signifficant negative correlation between NLR and visual field defect, contrast sensitivity, VA, whereas positive correlation between NLR and RNFL statistically insignificant. NLR is expected to be a potential biomarker for screening NAION in MetS patients.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RISKS OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA AND DRY EYE DISEASE Aldina, Rosy; Yanuar, Ferdian; Afif, Zamroni; Holipah; Prayitnaningsih, Seskoati
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): July
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2024.010.02.21

Abstract

Introduction: Dry Eye Disease (DED) may lead to decreased visual function, chronic tissue changes, eyelid, conjunctival, and corneal abnormality. The prevalence of DED in Asia ranges from 21.6%–37.6%. Several studies pointed out the relationship between DED and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). In patients with OSA, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and ocular surface inflammation increase, leading to a decrease in the functions of meibomian glands, goblet cells, corneal sensitivity, and tear production as a response to the stimulations from the lacrimal glands. The loss of conjunctival goblet cells and meibomian glands are implications of damage to the tear film quality, which results in DED. Method: This is a population-based cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the database of Biomarker Smarthealth Research in Mendalanwangi, Sidorahayu, and Cepokomulyo Villages, which are located in Malang Regency, having risks of OSA (based on the STOP-BANG questionnaire), above ≥40 years old, and DED Examination with Tear Break-Up Time (TBUT), MGD (Meibominan Gland Dysfunction), Tear Meniscus (TM) involving a total of 518 respondents. The available data were then processed according to the variables and went through DED examinations. This study employed the purposive sampling method. Result: In this study, moderate risk of OSA suggests a significant influence on the occurrence of DED with an odds ratio (OR) 1.66 (p<0.05). In addition, moderate risk of OSA predisposes ADDE (Aqueous Deficiency Dry Eye)-type and Mix-type DED with OR 2.85 and 1.23 (p<0.05). High risk of OSA correlates with the occurrence of ADDE-type DED with OR 2.37 (p<0.05). The age group >60 years old shows a correlation with Mix-type DED with OR 2.09 (p<0.05). Women have a higher predisposition to ADDE-type with OR 2.58 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Moderate risk of OSA influences the occurrence of DED, both ADDE-type and Mix type; whereas high risk of OSA only correlates with ADDE-type. Older age plays a role in the occurrence of Mix-type DED and women have a higher tendency to present with ADDE- type.
PROFILE OF DYSPHAGIA IN ACUTE STROKE PATIENTS Rakhmatiar, Rodhiyan; Dwirima, Wahyu
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): July
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2024.010.02.10

Abstract

Background: Stroke has been a leading cause of mortality and disability since 2013, and its incidence continues to rise. Dysphagia is a common complication following stroke, contributing to increased rates of aspiration, pneumonia, and prolonged hospital stays for stroke patients. Objective: This study aims to investigate the profile and distribution of acute stroke patients experiencing dysphagia who are admitted to RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar in East Java. Methods: The assessment was conducted on acute stroke patients with compos mentis consciousness in the Stroke Unit from July to September 2023, using the GUSS (Gugging Swallowing Screen) questionnaire. The assessment categories included no dysphagia (20), mild dysphagia (15-19), moderate dysphagia (10-14), and severe dysphagia (0-9). Results: Data collected during the period from July to September 2023 yielded a total of 35 samples. Based on gender, there were 22 male patients (62.9%) and 13 female patients (37.1%). Regarding age distribution, 15 patients fell into the productive age range (20 to 59 years), while 20 patients were over 60 years old. The majority of cases were ischemic strokes, with 25 patients, and 10 patients had hemorrhagic strokes. Dysphagia assessment using the GUSS method on the 35 samples revealed 2 samples with GUSS scores of 12 and 14 (moderate) and 1 sample with a score of 18 (mild). Conclusion: The profile and distribution of acute stroke patients experiencing dysphagia were identified, including gender, age, type of stroke, and GUSS scores in acute stroke patients in the stroke unit with Compos Mentis consciousness.
THE OUTCOME OF COGNITIVE THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH FIRST-EVER STROKE AND RECURRENT STROKE Rianawati, Sri Budhi; Wardani, Rachmawati
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): July
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2024.010.02.20

Abstract

Background: Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most prevalent type of dementia that impacts elderly adults, succeeding Alzheimer's disease. In contrast to Alzheimer's disease, Vascular Dementia (VaD) presents a wide range of cognitive changes, which are greatly influenced by the specific neural regions that are impacted by vascular pathology. The incidence of dementia in adults with a prior history of stroke is 30%, demonstrating a frequency that is 3-5 times more than those without any discernible stroke-related impairments. In addition, the intensity or frequency of strokes may contribute to a decrease in cognitive reserve in persons with vascular dementia. Case Report: We presented two cases of VaD. The first case was a 62-year-old man with a history of ischemic stroke without sequelae a year before the complaints of frequent forgetfulness and cognitive impairment. Neuropsychological examination showed neurocognitive disturbances in orientation, attention, memory, and visuospatial domain with impaired daily activities function. The MRI result showed senile brain atrophy with chronic infarction on the right temporoparietooccipital lobe, left side mesencephalon, right side pons accompanied by cortical laminar necrosis on the right frontal lobe and left temporoparietal lobe. The second case was a 79-year-old man with history of recurrent ischemic stroke (three times since 2021-2022) with sequelae of left hemiparesis and complaints of frequent forgetfulness and cognitive impairment in the last 1 year. Neuropsychological examination showed neurocognitive disturbances in orientation, attention, and visuospatial domain with impaired daily activities function. The MRI result showed subacute multiple lacunar infarctions in right insular cortex, right frontotemporal lobe cortex, right corona radiata, with multiple chronic infarcts on the right frontotemporoparietal lobe, right corona radiata, right internal genu capsule, right lateral periventricular anterior horn, pons, right left cerebellum, also senile brain atrophy. Both patients were diagnosed as VaD and given donepezil 1x10mg and memantine 1x5mg to treat the cognitive impairment. Both cases showed improvements after 6 months of therapy with MMSE from 17 to 28, MoCA-INA from 12 to 22 and MMSE from 19 to 23, MoCA-INA from 14 to 21 respectively. Discussion: The probability of acquiring vascular dementia (VaD) was strongly associated with the incidence and frequency of strokes. The prevalence of newly developed dementia after the initial stroke is approximately 10%, which increases to 30% with recurrent strokes. The likelihood of experiencing cognitive impairment and dementia after a stroke is primarily determined by the specific attributes of the stroke. While pharmacological therapy largely focuses on cognitive impairment, other factors, such as the stroke's characteristics, might contribute to neuronal and molecular abnormalities that result in cognitive loss. Two instances were shown, both demonstrating enhancements, with the initial instance, involving primary strokes, exhibiting a superior outcome compared to the subsequent instance with recurring strokes. A more profound or recurring stroke has the potential to reduce cognitive reserve, hence potentially heightening vulnerability to neurodegenerative disorders, either directly or by means of modifications in social contacts or lifestyle, which can subsequently affect cognitive performance. Conclusion: Recurrent stroke plays a role in reducing cognitive reserve and increasing the risk of dementia. Patients with VaD have shorter life expectancy, thus the severity of VaD is best managed by providing optimum acute stroke care and recurrent stroke prevention.
NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION EFFECT ON WRIST SPASTICITY AND FUNCTION IN POST-STROKE PATIENT WITH UPPER EXTREMITY RECOVERY EXERCISE Setianto, Catur Ari; Syahrir, Ahmad; Ridwan, Mochammad
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): July
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2024.010.02.09

Abstract

Background : Stroke is still a major health problem in the world and cause disability. Spasticity is one of the disability problems in stroke patients, which is more common in the wrist muscles. Recovery of spasticity is quite difficult and there is no definitive treatment that can speed up the recovery. Electrical stimulation is one of the rehabilitation intervensions that is believed to be able to recover spasticity based on neuroplasticity theory. There has been no consensus for the method of electrical stimulation that can give rise to optimal effects in stroke patients. New studies are still needed to determine effective therapeutic programs. Objective : The study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of Wrist Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) against the recovery of spasticity and functional degrees of post-stroke patients who receive upper extremity recovery exercise (URE). Methods : The study used a randomized controlled trial. The study sample was stroke patients who are treated at dr. Saiful Anwar hospital policlinic. The study involved 30 post-stroke patients who were randomized into NMES combined with URE groups (15 patients) and URE groups (15 patients). Modified Asworth Scale and Fugl-Meyer Assesment of Upper Extremity total were measured before and after interventions. Modified Asworth Scale (MAS) is a scale than use for measure spasticity degree and have very good realibility. Fugl-Meyer Assesment Scaletha (FMA) is a scale for measure fungsionality of extremities which also have good realibility. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) device is BTL-5000 series. Results : NMES combined with URE can reduce the degree of spasticity and increase the functional degree of the wrist in post-stroke patients significantly (p<0.05). URE can also significantly reduce the degree of spasticity and increase the functional degree of the wrist (p<0.05). NMES compared to URE futher reduced the degree of spasticity and increased the functional degree of the wrist in post-stroke patients insignificantly (p>0.05). Conclusion : The mean decrease in the degree of spasticity and increase in functional degree in the NMES group combined with URE measured by MAS scale showing that degree of spasticity with sig 0,101 > alpha (0,05) is not significant, but the mean decrease MAS in the NMES with URE group is bigger than group URE alone. The mean decrease in the degree of spasticity and increase in functional degree in the NMES group combined with URE measured by FMA scale showing that degree of spasticity with sig 0,787 > alpha (0,05) is also not significant, but the mean decrease FMA in the NMES with URE group is bigger than URE alone. This results mean that there is a significant score decrease in spasticity and increase of fungsionality degree before and after URE grop and there is not significant different score using NMES and URE group in MAS and FMA scale.
IN SILICO STUDY OF ETHYL P-METHOXYCINNAMATE (EPMS) AND GALANGIN COMPOUND AGAINTS NON-STRUCTURAL PROTEIN 3 (6W6Y) AND NON-STRUCTURAL PROTEIN 5 (6M2N) AS POTENTIAL ANTI-SARS CoV-2 DRUG Achmad Tri Sugiarto Kharisul Islam Fazri; Prof. Dr. Apt. Roihatul Mutiah, M.Kes; dr. Dewi Santosaningsih, MKes, SpMK, PhD; Ike Prafita Sari
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2025.011.01.02

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 or Covid-19 is an acute respiratory infection caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes a pandemic in various parts of the world. Studies in silico of natural compounds reveal potential drug candidate. Objective: This research aims to predict the binding affinity of  Etil P-Metoksi Sinamat (EPMS) and Galangin to Non-Structural Protein 3 (NSP3) and Non-Structural Protein 5 (NSP5) receptors using insilico approach. Methods: This study using EPMS and Galangin against NSP3 and NSP5 of SARS CoV-2 while Remdesivir used as reference drug. Ligand interaction predicted using Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0. Physicochemical properties predicted using SwissADME. Prediction of ligand toxicity was evaluated using Protox II Online Tool and pkCSM online tool base on LD50 classification. Results: EPMS compound had the best affinity and had the most stable binding on NSP3 (Rerank score  -130.11 kcal/mol, H-Bond -10.10 kcal/mol, Moldock Score -140.56 kcal/mol) and NSP5 (Rerank score  -113.87 kcal/mol, H-Bond -10.19 kcal/mol, Moldock Score -117.29 kcal/mol). Galangin compounds have lower affinity for NSP3 (Rerank score  -107.02 kcal/mol, H-Bond -7.61 kcal/mol, Moldock Score -103.75 kcal/mol) and NSP5 (Rerank score -84.40 kcal/mol H-Bond -9.88 kcal/mol,Moldock Score -100.53 kcal/mol). The Docking of these two compounds were better when compared to Remdesivir in NSP3 (Rerank score  -83.55 kcal/mol, H-Bond -6.88 kcal/mol, Moldock Score -99.86 kcal/mol) and NSP5 (Rerank score  -83.55 kcal/mol, H-Bond -3.80 kcal/mol, Moldock Score -100.45 kcal/mol). Galangin and EPMS compounds to have better oral bioavailability than Remdesivir compounds. In the toxicity prediction test, the results showed that the EPMS compound was included in class 6 with an LD50 of 7900 mg/kg, Galangin compound was included in class 5 with an LD50 of 3919 mg/kg, Remdesivir compound was included in class 4 with an LD50 of 1190 mg/kg. Conclusion: EPMS reveal best affinity, bioavaibility and toxicity with NSP3 and NSP5.
EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF SECRETOME ON MALONDIALDEHYDE LEVELS IN ROTENONE-INDUCED PARKINSON'S DISEASE RATS Aliza, Sharla; Sidharta, Veronika Maria; Sasmita, Poppy Kristina; Ardianto, Christian; Barus, Jimmy
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2025.011.01.03

Abstract

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with an increasing prevalence. Oxidative stress is known to contribute to the development of PD through lipid peroxidation, which causes damage to the substantia nigra pars compacta. Lipid peroxidation produces malondialdehyde (MDA), which is known to be elevated in PD patients. Up till now, there is no cure for PD, and the available therapies are only symptomatic. The secretome from Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) has antioxidant and neuroprotective components, making it a potential therapeutic agent that may slow the progression of PD. Objective: This study seeks to determine the effect of MSC secretome on oxidative stress in rotenone-induced PD rats. Methods: This research was an in-vivo experiment conducted with 30 male Sprague Dawley rats, divided into sham control, rotenone (+) secretome (-), and rotenone (+) secretome (+) groups. Rotenone (2.75 mg/kgBW) was administered for seven days to induce a PD model. Secretome administration (1 mg/ml) was carried out on days 3, 5, and 7. MDA levels were determined using the sandwich ELISA method. Results: This study found no significant difference in MDA levels among the three groups (p = 0.203). The sham control group had the lowest MDA 1.32(0.53) nmol/mL, followed by the rotenone (+) secretome (+) group 1.56(0.33) nmol/ml, and the highest MDA was observed in the rotenone (+) secretome (-) group 1.88(0.14) nmol/mL. Conclusion: Administration of MSC secretome did not significantly cause changes in plasma MDA levels of rotenone-induced Parkinson Disease rats.
CRANIOFACIAL ANTHROPOMETRY CHARACTERISTIC AND DERMATOGLYPHICS PATTERN AMONG SCHIZOPHRENIA SUBJECTS IN JAVANESE ETHNIC OF INDONESIA Cahayani, Wike Astrid; Adiba, Rizqi Hasna; ‘Aisy, Nabilah Rohadatul; Widyanto, Ilham Aditya; Sunardi, Adisty Aulia Kamarani; Ramadhan, Yanuar; Yudhantara, Dearisa Surya; Kurnianingsih, Nia
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2025.011.01.01

Abstract

Background: Craniofacial dysmorphology and dermatoglyphic abnormalities in schizophrenia patients are hypothesized to reflect neurodevelopmental disturbances during embryogenesis. These markers may serve as cost-effective, non-invasive tools for identifying individuals at risk of schizophrenia. Objective: This study aimed to explore craniofacial anthropometry and dermatoglyphic profiles as potential early markers of schizophrenia in the Javanese ethnic population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 30 schizophrenia patients and 30 matched healthy controls. Craniofacial measurements (cephalic, facial, and nasal indices) were obtained, and fingerprint patterns were analyzed for dermatoglyphic traits. Statistical comparisons employed unpaired T-tests and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Significant differences were observed in facial index (P<0.01) and nasal index (P<0.05) between schizophrenia and control groups, with hyperleptoprosopic facial types dominating in schizophrenia patients (56.7%). Dermatoglyphic analysis showed no significant differences; however, a higher prevalence of loop patterns and reduced whorl patterns were noted in the schizophrenia group. Conclusion: Craniofacial anthropometry demonstrates promising potential as an adjunctive marker for early schizophrenia risk detection, particularly in resource-limited settings where advanced diagnostic tools are unavailable. Although dermatoglyphic patterns revealed limited statistical significance, observed trends highlight the need for further studies. These findings provide a basis for developing population-specific screening programs and contribute to the understanding of ethnic-specific neurodevelopmental markers.
EVALUATION OF BRAIN MICROGLIA PROLIFERATION AS A RESPONSE TO DBL2β-PFEMP1 RECOMBINANT PROTEIN IMMUNIZATION IN WISTAR RAT Dewi, Rosita; Kusuma, Irawan Fajar; Sulistyaningsih , Erma; Rachmania, Sheilla; Luthfiyyah, Nur Atikah
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2025.011.01.04

Abstract

Background: In the malaria vaccine study, Duffy binding-like 2β Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (DBL2β-PfEMP1) could induce the  IgG and CD4+production. Antibody to DBL2β-PfEMP1 reduces the risk of developing severe malaria through the blockade of cytoadherence and destruction of rosette formation. During the process of antibody formation after immunization, the released peripheral cytokines have the potential to cause blood-brain barrier disruption resulting in the activation and proliferation of brain microglia as primary innate immune cells leading to neuroinflammation. Objective: This study aims to evaluate brain microglia proliferation as a response to recombinant protein DBL2β-PfEMP1 immunization in Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with recombinant protein DBL2β-PfEMP1 at doses of 100, 150, and 200 µg/kgBW on days 0, 21, and 42. Rats were euthanized on day 56. Brain histopathological slides were prepared and stained using hematoxylin-eosin. Histological examination was performed using a microscope at 400X magnification and documented using an AmScope microscope digital camera. Brain microglia were calculated using Fiji Image-J. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test.  Results: The average number of brain microglia in both the control and treatment groups was 82–88. There was no significant difference in brain microglia number between the control and treatment groups (p>0.05) after recombinant protein DBL2β-PfEMP1 immunization. Conclusion: Recombinant protein DBL2β-PfEMP1 immunization does not provoke the proliferation of brain microglia in Wistar rats. This suggests that the protein does not have the potential to cause neuroinflammation.

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