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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 18, No 1 (2026)" : 10 Documents clear
Soursop Leaf Extract Reduces AST, ALT, Bilirubin Levels, and Liver Damage Scores in Sorafenib-treated Wistar Rats with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Neni Susilaningsih; Yan Wisnu Prajoko; Selamat Budijitno; Erik Prabowo; Hermawan Istiadi; Muflihatul Muniroh; Ignatius Riwanto
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 18, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v18i1.3883

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sorafenib, the standard therapeutic agent for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), may induce hepatic dysfunction, thereby necessitating adjunctive therapy to mitigate this adverse effect. While preliminary research has suggested that Soursop (Annona muricata) leaves exhibit anti-tumor and hepatoprotective properties, their efficacy in mitigating liver damage associated with sorafenib treatment remains unexplored. This study was conducted to assess the liver-protective effects of soursop leaf extract in Wistar rats receiving sorafenib for HCC treatment.METHODS: Ethanol extract of soursop leaves was prepared using the maceration method. Twenty-nine Wistar rats were divided into five groups: healthy control (HC) group, HCC groups receiving no treatment, sorafenib only, sorafenib + 50 mg/kgBW/day soursop extract, and sorafenib + 100 mg/kgBW/day soursop extract. All groups, except the HC group, were given Diethyl Nitrosamine (DEN) to cause HCC. Following a two-week treatment period, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were assessed using colorimetric methods, while total bilirubin was assessed using diazo with sulphanilic acid method. From histopathological specimen, relative liver weight was measured and liver damage score was assessed using Hematoxylin and Eosin.RESULTS: Administration of sorafenib resulted in a reduction of AST, ALT, total bilirubin, relative liver weight, and liver damage scores. Furthermore, the combined administration of sorafenib with soursop leaf extract at dosages of 50 and 100 mg/kgBW/day led to a dose-dependent amelioration of these indicators. The most pronounced improvement was observed with the highest dose of soursop extract, which significantly reduced AST, ALT, total bilirubin, relative liver weight, and liver damage scores compared to the sorafenib-only group.CONCLUSION: Soursop leaf extract at 100 mg/kgBW/day effectively reduced AST, ALT, bilirubin levels, and liver damage score in sorafenib-treated Wistar rats with HCC, indicating its hepatoprotective effects. These findings suggest that soursop leaf extract may be a promising adjuvant therapy for mitigating sorafenib-induced hepatotoxicity in HCC treatment.KEYWORDS: Annona muricata, hepatocellular carcinoma, sorafenib, AST, ALT, bilirubin, hepatoprotective
Aqueous and n-Hexane Fractions of Eruca sativa Differentially Target Glycemic Control and Pancreatic Islet Protection in Diabetic Rats Sri Lestari Ramadhani Nasution; Tamarin Tamarin; Amelia Salsabila Purba; Suhartina Suhartina; Widya Yanti Sihotang
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 18, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v18i1.3994

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The search for novel antidiabetic agents that simultaneously lower blood glucose and protect pancreatic β-cells is crucial. While Eruca sativa is known for its antidiabetic properties, the specific contribution of its solvent fractions to different therapeutic targets remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify how different fractions selectively target glycemic control or pancreatic islet integrity.METHODS: Twenty-five male Wistar rats were rendered diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin. Diabetic animals were divided into five groups (n=5): diabetic control, positive control (0.45 mg/kg glibenclamide), and three treatment groups receiving n-hexane, ethyl acetate, or aqueous fractions of 400 mg/kgBW E. sativa for 14 days. Phytochemical screening was performed to identify bioactive profiles. Blood glucose was monitored periodically, and pancreatic tissues were assessed using a histopathological scoring system (0–4) and islet area measurement.RESULTS: Aqueous fraction showed the most potent antihyperglycemic activity, significantly reducing blood glucose (208.8±36.02 mg/dL) compared to the diabetic control (419.6± 117.11 mg/dL). Conversely, the n-hexane fraction provided superior pancreatic protection, maintaining the highest islet area (19,109.81±7,549.98 µm²) and the best histopathological score (2.8±0.8) among all treatment groups. Phytochemical screening revealed a distinct distribution of compounds, with flavonoids concentrated in the aqueous fraction and terpenoids in the n-hexane fraction.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that therapeutic efficacy of E. sativa is fraction-specific, driven by its distinct phytochemical profiles. The aqueous fraction is the most effective for rapid glycemic control, significantly reducing blood glucose levels. Conversely, the n-hexane fraction provides superior pancreatic protection, as evidenced by the highest islet area and improved histopathological scores. These findings suggest that E. sativa possesses a dual-target potential; while the aqueous fraction excels in antihyperglycemic action, the n-hexane fraction is more potent for pancreatic islet preservation. KEYWORDS: Eruca sativa, diabetes mellitus, histopathology, pancreatoprotective, solvent fractions, antihyperglycemic
Autologous Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy Modulates Renal Perfusion and Hemodynamics in Diabetic Kidney Adi Soekardi; Linda Chiuman; Chrismis Novalinda Ginting
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 18, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v18i1.3878

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is driven by chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, which often persist despite standard pharmacological treatments. Autologous dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy offers a novel approach to restore immune homeostasis and improve renal vascular function. While the use of autologous DC for immune homeostasis has been previously discussed, not many studies have explicitly reported on the modulation of renal perfusion parameters, such as peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistive index (RI), following DC immunotherapy. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of autologous DC administration on renal hemodynamics, including PSV and RI, as well as inflammatory biomarkers, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in DKD patients.METHODS: Thirty-one DKD patients were selected via simple random sampling. All subjects underwent autologous DC therapy, which was administered via intravenous infusion at a concentration of approximately 1×107 cells suspended in 100 mL of normal saline. PSV and RI were measured using Renal Doppler Ultrasonography, while TNF-α and VCAM-1 were quantified using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. All measurements were conducted before intervention and 60 days after intervention to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy.RESULTS: DC therapy led to significant alterations in renal hemodynamic parameters. The mean PSV decreased from 52.74 to 38.21 cm/s (p=0.016), while RI showed a modest increase from 0.7350 to 0.7550 (p=0.028). Greater hemodynamic effects were observed in patients with well-controlled glycemia, lower serum urea, and microalbuminuria. In contrast, no significant changes were detected in TNF-α and VCAM-1 levels.CONCLUSION: Autologous DC therapy delivers measurable, statistically significant benefits in renal vascular parameters for DKD, particularly in early-stage disease and metabolically stable patients. These findings may support DC therapy as a promising adjunctive strategy to improve renal microcirculation in DKD. KEYWORDS: diabetic kidney disease, dendritic cell therapy, TNF-α, VCAM-1, PSV, RI
Elevated D-dimer is Associated with Anemia, Immune Dysregulation, and Hepatic–Renal Dysfunction in Acute Burn Patients Anindya Paramita; Lynda Hariani; Lobredia Zarasade; Noer Halimatus Syakdiyah; Nurrani Mustika Dewi; Ferry Sandra
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 18, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v18i1.3925

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Burn injury induced increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to hypercoagulability, immobilization, and endothelial injury. Despite this risk, VTE in burn patients often remains clinically undetected. Although D-dimer is widely used as a VTE marker, its utility in burn patients is inconsistent, particularly in the early post-burn period. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between D-dimer levels and factors related to VTE, including hematologic, coagulation, immunologic, organ function parameters, and burn characteristics.METHODS: An analytical observational study was conducted involving adult patients with acute burn injuries enrolled in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital from March to June 2025. Demographic, anthropometric, burn characteristic, and existing comorbid were documented from subjects’ medical records. Blood samples from subjects were collected immediately via venipuncture. D-dimer was analyzed with Enzyme-Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) method, hematology and coagulation profiles were also assessed using hematology analyzer and automated coagulation system, respectively. Meanwhile, hepatic and renal function were analyzed with chemistry analyzers.RESULTS: Most burn subjects (18 of 20) demonstrated elevated D-dimer levels. Higher D-dimer levels were associated with increased leukocyte counts and upward trend of RDW-CV and RDW-SD. Further analysis among the subjects with elevated D-dimer level showed significant negative correlations were observed between D-dimer levels and anemia-related parameters, including hemoglobin, erythrocyte count, and hematocrit (all p<0.05). Elevated D-dimer was also associated with immune dysregulation, reflected by increased basophil percentages and decreased immunoglobulin (Ig) levels. Additionally, D-dimer levels showed significant positive correlations with aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), suggesting a link between hypercoagulability and kidney as well as renal dysfunction following burn injury.CONCLUSION: Leukocyte count, RDW-CV, and RDW-SD are higher in burn patient with elevated D-dimer levels, suggesting that high D-dimer might be correlated with VTE. Elevated D-dimer in burn patients correlates with several VTE risks including anemia, immune dysregulation, and hepatic–renal dysfunction, indicating early coagulation activation and systemic injury following burn injury. KEYWORDS: burn injury, D-dimer, hypercoagulability, VTE, anemia, immune dysregulation, organ dysregulation
Epstein–Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein-1 (EBV LMP-1) in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Immune Correlates and Potential as A Clinical Outcome Biomarker Jajah Fachiroh; Fitriya Ramadhani; Nayaka Bagus Wahyu Agung Hertanto; Dewi Kartikawati Paramita
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 18, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v18i1.3954

Abstract

In endemic populations, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is associated with epstein-barr virus (EBV) infection, with latent membrane-1 (LMP-1) playing a major role as an oncoprotein. Despite this well-established biological role, the clinical use of LMP-1 remains limited; therefore this review aimed to discuss the potential use of LMP-1 as clinical biomarker. Based on systematic searching results in two major biomedical journal databases, in this review, only a small number of studies that evaluated LMP-1 as a clinical outcome. Studies examining the relationship between LMP-1 and its related biomarkers in clinical samples were particularly scarce. By mapping the existing literature, this scoping review highlights mechanistic linking of LMP-1 to specific biomarker, such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PDL-1), and had a positive regulatory loop with EBV-encoded small RNA (EBERs) serving to amplify inflammatory signals that facilitates NPC progression. A clear gap between evidence mechanism of LMP-1 and clinical research practice was observed. This may related to several reasons, including low detectability, a heterogeneous expression in tumor tissue; hence shifted into surrogated biomarkers that reflected LMP-1 signalling than the protein itself. Future studies should focus on combining LMP-1 with related inflammatory or immune markers, and conducting well-designed clinical studies to better define the potential role of LMP-1 within clinically relevant biomarker strategies for NPC.KEYWORDS: oncoprotein, stage, malignancy of nasopharynx, prognosis, survival, inflammation 
Combined COX-2 and HER-2 Biomarker Profiling to Predict Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Terri Sandi Susyanto; Kiki Lukman; Andriana Purnama; Marhendra Satria Utama; Etis Primastari
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 18, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v18i1.3959

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is commonly treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), but highly variable response limits outcomes and highlights the need for predictive biomarkers. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX‑2) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‑2) are overexpressed in a subset of colorectal cancers and are mechanistically linked to radioresistance. Both pathways are therapeutically targetable and exhibit molecular crosstalk, suggesting that combined assessment may improve prediction of nCRT response, but their combined predictive value in LARC remains unexplored. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the association between COX‑2 and HER‑2 expression and radiotherapy response in patients with LARC.METHODS: This observational retrospective cohort study included 59 patients with stage II–III rectal adenocarcinoma treated with standardized nCRT. COX-2 and HER-2 expressions on pretreatment biopsies were assessed by immunohistochemistry, and radiologic response 4–8 weeks post nCRT dichotomized into good and poor responses using RECIST 1.1.RESULTS: High COX-2 expression was present in 67.8% of tumors and was associated with poor response (p<0.001; OR=10.08; 95% CI: 2.92–34.78). HER-2 positivity (32.2% of cases) was also associated with poor response (p=0.039; OR=4.28; 95% CI: 1.16–15.79). In multivariate analysis, high COX-2 (adjusted OR=0.110; p=0.002) and HER-2 positivity (adjusted OR=0.197; p=0.049) remained independent predictors of poor response. Tumors with combined COX-2 low/HER-2 negative and COX-2 high/HER 2 positive profiles showed good response rates of 86.7% and 13.3%, respectively, representing a 73.4% absolute difference.CONCLUSION: Since Low COX-2 expression and HER-2 negativity is mostly associated with good radiotherapy response, hence COX-2 and HER-2 might be independent molecular predictors of radiotherapy response in LARC, and combined biomarker profiling provides robust risk stratification that may guide treatment intensification or de escalation strategies.KEYWORDS: COX-2, HER-2, rectal cancer, radiotherapy response, biomarker, personalized medicine
Combined Vitamin D and Magnesium Supplementation Improves Insulin, HOMA Indices, Blood Glucose, and Oxidative Stress Markers in Diabetic Rats Balqis Faizah Azzahra; Yuyun Yueniwati; Happy Kurnia Permatasari; Rachmi Fauziah Rahayu; Amara Syifa Tifani; Adam Fauzi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 18, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v18i1.3905

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by disturbances in glucose homeostasis, chronic low-grade inflammation, and heightened oxidative stress. Alterations in vitamin D status and magnesium homeostasis are frequently observed in DM and have been implicated in impaired insulin secretion, decreased insulin sensitivity, and dysregulated antioxidant responses. Although both micronutrients have independently demonstrated potential benefits on glycaemic regulation and oxidative balance, the synergistic therapeutic effects of combined vitamin D and magnesium supplementation remain insufficiently elucidated in experimental models of type 2 DM. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of combined vitamin D and magnesium supplementation on insulin dynamics, glycaemic control, and oxidative stress markers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar white rats were divided into 4 groups: normal control, diabetic control, metformin group, and vitamin D + magnesium group. DM was induced using streptozotocin–nicotinamide injection. Glycaemic parameters including insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and homeostatis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), were evaluated from fasting serum using immunoassay-based analyses; while oxidative stress markers including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured from plasma using colorimetric spectrophotometric methods.RESULTS: Vitamin D and magnesium combination achieved the greatest reduction in blood glucose. The mean insulin level and HOMA-β index in the vitamin D + magnesium group were significantly higher than in both the diabetic control and metformin groups (p<0.001). In the same group, HOMA-IR and MDA levels were significantly lower, whereas SOD activity was significantly higher compared with diabetic group and metformin group (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: The combination of vitamin D and magnesium increases insulin and HOMA-β level and decreases HOMA-IR, SOD, and MDA expressions in diabetic Wistar rats.KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, magnesium, vitamin D, insulin resistance, inflammation
Promoter Methylation and Low Placental Expression of Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and Highly Soluble Endoglin (sEng) as Risk Factors for Preeclampsia Anak Agung Ngurah Jaya Kusuma; I Made Darmayasa; Ni Kadek Mulyantari; Ni Nyoman Wistya Tri Mayasari; Chatrine Sutandi; Godefridus Paulo Bay; Cokorda Gde Angga Ary Nugraha
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 18, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v18i1.3921

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dysregulated expressions of metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-G, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and soluble endoglin (sEng) reflect impaired angiogenesis, immune tolerance, endothelial function, and trophoblast invasion that characterize abnormal placental development in preeclamptic (PE) pregnancies. However, the role of promoter methylation of these markers in linking the pathways to altered protein expression remains unclear. Hence, this study compared promoter methylation and placental expression of MMP-9, HLA-G, VEGF, and sEng between women with PE and normotensive pregnancies, and evaluate their diagnostic performance as potential biomarkers.METHODS: This case–control study included 30 women with PE and 30 controls. Placental tissue samples were collected within 15 minutes postpartum. Placental promoter methylation was assessed using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and protein expression was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Group differences were analyzed, diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and associations were expressed as adjusted odds ratios (AOR).RESULTS: Compared with controls, placentas from women with PE significantly showed higher methylation of HLA-G (58.9% vs. 37.3%) and sEng (6.7% vs. 4.1%), and lower methylation of VEGF (30.4% vs. 48.1%) and MMP-9 (36.1% vs. 44.9%). Expression of MMP-9, HLA-G, and VEGF was significantly reduced, while sEng expression was increased in PE. Multivariate analysis identified HLA-G hypermethylation (AOR 5.36), VEGF hypomethylation (AOR 8.55), sEng methylation (AOR 4.57), low expression of MMP-9, HLA-G, and VEGF, and high sEng expression (AOR 4.77) as independent predictors of PE. sEng expression demonstrated the best discrimination (AUC 0.835), followed by sEng methylation (AUC 0.785) and HLA-G methylation (AUC 0.774).CONCLUSION: PE is associated with distinct placental methylation–expression alterations, with sEng- and HLA-G–related markers showing the strongest diagnostic value.KEYWORDS: preeclampsia, DNA methylation, angiogenesis, MMP-9, HLA-G, sEng, placenta, epigenetics
Placental LEP Promoter Hypomethylation is Associated with Increased Leptin and Umbilical Artery Vascular Resistance in Maternal Obesity Zeino Fridsto; Joserizal Serudji; Defrin Defrin; Hardisman Hardisman
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 18, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v18i1.3911

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Maternal obesity has been associated with altered fetal development involving metabolic, hormonal, vascular, and epigenetic processes. The leptin (LEP) gene is crucial for placental angiogenesis and fetal growth. However, evidence linking placental LEP promoter methylation status with both leptin levels and umbilical artery vascular resistance in the context of maternal obesity remains limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the association of placental LEP promoter hypomethylation with increased leptin levels and umbilical artery vascular resistance in maternal obesity.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 35 obese and 35 normal-body mass index (BMI) pregnant women delivering at term. Genomic DNA was extracted from placental tissue for the placental LEP promoter methylation examination using bisulfite conversion and CpG pyrosequencing. Umbilical artery systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio was measured by Doppler ultrasonography, and umbilical cord leptin levels were analyzed from umbilical cord blood using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS: Total LEP promoter methylation did not differ significantly between groups (p=0.252), but five CpG sites (CpG 5, 11, 13, 16, and 17) showed significant hypomethylation in the obesity group. Umbilical cord leptin levels were significantly higher in infants of obese mothers (p=0.002). The S/D ratio was also significantly higher in the obesity group (p<0.001), indicating increased placental vascular resistance. Maternal age, parity, and gestational age were comparable between groups.CONCLUSION: Placental LEP promoter hypomethylation at specific CpG sites (CpG 5, 11, 13, 16, and 17) in maternal obesity is associated with increased leptin levels and elevated umbilical artery vascular resistance, suggesting a potential epigenetic mechanism linking maternal obesity to placental vascular dysfunction and altered fetal development.KEYWORDS: maternal obesity, leptin, DNA methylation, placenta, umbilical artery Doppler, fetal programming
Ternary Solid Dispersion Improves Anti-cancer Activity of Alpha-mangostin Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Arif Budiman; Ellen Nathania Yunita; Agus Rusdin; Jeremy Marcelino; Salma Amaliah; Diah Lia Aulifa
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 18, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v18i1.3938

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Alpha-mangostin (AM) exhibits potent anti-breast cancer activity but its therapeutic effectiveness is constrained due to low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability. Ternary solid dispersions (TSDs) were developed by adding another excipient to address these challenges. Nevertheless, limited studies have systematically evaluated whether improvements in dissolution and stability achieved through TSD systems are translated into enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity of AM. Therefore, TSD system of AM with Eudragit (EUD) and Poloxamer (POL) was developed, and in vitro cytotoxicity activity was evaluated as a preliminary proof-of-concept in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.METHODS: TSD of AM was prepared by solvent evaporation and characterized by Power X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. The pharmaceutical properties were evaluated by in vitro dissolution test using a standard paddle apparatus, while physical stability was assessed under two relative humidity environments. The in vitro anticancer efficacy was examined in MCF-7 breast cancer cell using an MTT assay.RESULTS: Amorphization of TSD was confirmed by a halo pattern with PXRD measurements and the absence of an AM melting peak in the DSC curve. FT-IR analysis revealed hydrogen bond interactions between the carbonyl group of AM and EUD/POL protons. TSD system significantly improved the dissolution profile and enhanced cytotoxic effects, reducing cell viability to 1.17% at 16 µg/mL with an IC50 of 7.11 μg/mL (CI 95%: 6.626-7.591).CONCLUSION: The TSD system significantly improved dissolution profile and in vitro cytotoxicity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, providing proof-of-concept for enhancing the biological performance of AM. KEYWORDS: alpha-mangostin, ternary solid dispersions, dissolution, MCF-7, cytotoxicity

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