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INDONESIA
Science and Technology Indonesia
Published by Universitas Sriwijaya
ISSN : 25804405     EISSN : 25804391     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
An international Peer-review journal in the field of science and technology published by The Indonesian Science and Technology Society. Science and Technology Indonesia is a member of Crossref with DOI prefix number: 10.26554/sti. Science and Technology Indonesia publishes quarterly (January, April, July, October). Science and Technology Indonesia is an international scholarly journal on the field of science and technology aimed to publish a high-quality scientific paper including original research papers, reviews, short communication, and technical notes. This journal welcomes the submission of articles that covers a typical subject of natural science and technology such as: > Chemistry > Biology > Physics > Marine Science > Pharmacy > Chemical Engineering > Environmental Science and Engineering > Computational Engineering > Biotechnology Journal Commencement: October 2016
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 551 Documents
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Transforming Discarded Mature Coconut Water into Carboxymethyl Cellulose as A Precursor Material for Bioplastics Khusna Santika Rahmasari; Achmad Vandian Nur; Eka Anydia Putri; Vanesa Maharani; Achmad Ridlo; Bayu Ishartono
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.3.698-711

Abstract

(DMCW) mixture into the market’s drainage ditches after opening mature coconuts, resulting in soil contamination and odor due to acetic acid produced during fermentation by soil bacteria. This study aimed to minimize soil pollution caused by these activities through converting DMCW into versatile biopolymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The synthesis was initiated through the fermentation of DMCW into bacterial cellulose (BC) in the form of nata de coco (NdC), subsequently undergoing alkalization and carboxymethylation to produce CMC. The efficacy of the synthesis process from DMCW to CMC was identified via spectroscopy, thermal, and physicochemical analysis. The characterization results demonstrated that NdC-based CMC and commercial CMC exhibited analogous functional groups, diffraction patterns, thermal degradation behaviors, and physicochemical properties. NdCbased CMC revealed characteristics like water solubility, elevated molecular weight, and high viscosity, despite its purity being spproximately 83.3%. Notwithstanding its rigidity, lack of transparency, and water solubility, this NdC-based CMC can be solvent cast into bioplastics and degraded in soil in four days. In the future, CMC-based bioplastics, enhanced through advanced treatments, will be expected as precursors for the creation of sustainable food packaging materials
The Symmetric Pattern Fuzzy Discretizationin Predicting Plastic Type for a Sorting System Using Decision Tree Methods Yani, Irsyadi; Marwani; Puspitasari, Dewi; Resti, Yulia
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.3.789-801

Abstract

Plastics made from petroleum as the main ingredient cannot decompose quickly like organic materials, but rather take 500 years to 1000 years. Recycling plastic waste can significantly reduce the negative impacts that damage the environment. In addition, it can also reduce the use of natural resources as raw materials and energy use in the extraction process from mining to ready-for-use. In the process of recycling plastic bottle waste in industry, a sorting system is needed to sort the types of plastic bottle waste automatically, effectively, and efficiently. The system needs a prediction model with satisfactory performance. This research aims to build the prediction models of a plastic bottle waste sorting system with a fuzzy approach using the Decision Tree method. The main focus is fuzzy discretization with asymmetric pattern where the membership functions for the first and the last categories are balanced. Seven Decision Tree models are proposed in this study, six models with symmetric fuzzy discretization and one model with crisp discretization as a comparison. Three types of plastics are the objects of the study, namely Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET/PETE), High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), and Polypropylene (PP). All three are types of plastics that are widely found in household waste. The unique contribution of this paper is that the symmetric pattern fuzzy discretization in the decision tree method can improve the performance of the decision tree model, but the combination of fuzzy membership functions used also contributes. Not all combinations used can improve the performance of the prediction model. Four of six models of symmetric fuzzy discretization have better performance than the decision tree model with crisp discretization. The combination of fuzzy membership functions consisting of linear and triangular functions provides the highest performance. Two models that do not perform better than crisp discretization are the linear-trapezoidal combination and the linear-Gaussian combination.
Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Microfibril (MFC) from Gracilaria sp. with Different Quality Grades Nurhayati; Irianto, Hari Eko; Supriyanto, Agus; Kusumawati, Rinta; Basmal, Jamal; Munifah, Ifah; Setiawati, Natalia Prodiana; Kusumaningrum, Wida Banar; Amanda, Putri; Roziafanto, Ahmad Nandang; Riastuti, Rini; Chalid, Muchamad
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.3.712-724

Abstract

The cellulose found in Gracilaria sp. has not been utilized optimally. This study investigated the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose microfibril (MFC) isolated from three grades of Gracilaria sp. Descriptive tests were performed to determine the quality of eachgrade, including observations on moisture content, ashcontent, CAW,andimpurities. The extraction process involved separating agar from Gracilaria sp., isolating cellulose using 10% NaOH, and bleaching cellulose with 3% NaOCl. The bleached cellulose was then ultrasonicated to produce MFC. Characterization was performed using FTIR, XRD, PSA, STA, DSC, and py-GC/MS. FTIR analysis indicated similar peaks for both cellulose forms but only differed in transmittance intensity. The crystallinity index from XRD analysis was 22–39% for raw Gracilaria sp., 25–46% for cellulose, and 68–89% for MFC. The particle size distribution of MFC mostly ranged between 200–500 nm, with 63.16% frequency. TG analysis showed cellulose decomposition with a Tonset of 231–260oC and a Tmax of 318–326oC. DSC analysis revealed that sonication enhances the polymer structure’s crystallization compared to pre-sonicated cellulose and raw material. The py-GC/MS analysis showed that D-allose and n-Hexadecanoic acid were the major components.
Effect of Sodium Alginate-Carrageenan Concentration in Rifampicin Pulmospheres on Physical Characteristics, Release, and Anti-Tuberculosis Activity Liempepas, Angelika; Rahmadi, Mahardian; Ifadotunnikmah, Farida; Hariyadi, Dewi Melani
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.3.817-825

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which mostly attacks the lungs, but can also affect other organs. Tuberculosis is one of the biggest health problems worldwide. Conventional oral rifampicin preparations have several limitations, such as poor bioavailability, low solubility, and drug instability in the gastrointestinal fluid. Only a small portion of the tuberculosis drug can reach the alveoli, the main target of the tuberculosis drug. Drug delivery Systems are one of the solutions to this problem. They are a formulation or system that can mediate the delivery of therapeutic substances in the body to increase therapeutic effects, reduce drug side effects, increase bioavailability, and improve patient compliance. Pulmonary drug delivery requires a small dose and particle size, so microspheres are selected for lung delivery. This research aims to study the effect of sodium alginate concentration and carrageenan (0.75%, 1%, 1.25%) with a ratio of 1:1 on physical characteristics, in vitro release, and anti-tuberculosis activity. Preparation of Rifampicin Sodium Alginate-Carageenan Pulmospheres with Ionotropic Gelation-Aerosolization. Pulmospheres were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, morphology, yield, particle size, drug loading, in vitro release, and Mycobacterium smegmatis activity. Increasing concentrations of sodium alginate and carrageenan produce rifampicin pulmospheres with good physical characteristics, increase rifampicin release, and result in inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis
Enhanced Methods for Synthesizing Hydroxyxanthone Using Eaton and ZnCl2 Catalyst with Microwave Irradiation Yuanita, Emmy; Eryani, Farica; Septiyana, Maulida; Lestarini, Ima Arum; Dharmayani, Ni Komang Tri; Sugara, Taufan Hari
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.3.753-758

Abstract

The methods for synthesizing hydroxyxanthone compounds are continually advancing. Among these, microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has emerged as a particularly advantageous technique due to its reduced reaction times, improved yields, and enhanced selectivity. This study reports the efficient synthesis of 3,7 dihydroxyxanthone through the reaction of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate and resorcinol, using Eaton’s reagent and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as catalyst under MAOS conditions. The structures of the resulting compounds were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The efficiency of the catalytic systems was evaluated based on the product yields. The Eaton reagent catalysis resulted in a 9.38% yield of a red solid, while the ZnCl2-catalyzed reaction produced a significantly higher yield of 23.07%, with the product appearing as an orange solid. These results demonstrate that Zn
Effect of Nanosilica Addition and Temperature on Durability of Polymer Mortar in Seawater Environment Septriansyah, Verinazul; Hasyim, Saloma; Nurjannah, Siti Aisyah
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.3.847-855

Abstract

This study examines the effect of nano-silica addition and temperature variation on the durability of polymer mortar exposed to seawater. We investigated three specimen variations: polymer mortar without nanosilica (MP), polymer mortar with 0.4% nanosilica added (MP N 0.4%), and nanosilica polymer mortar with 85◦C heating (MP N 0.4% T 85◦C). Testing methods included cyclic and static immersion for 90 days in Tanjung Pandan, Bangka Belitung, followed by characterization through specific gravity, compressive strength, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis. Results showed that 0.4% nano-silica addition combined with 85◦C heating treatment significantly increased compressive strength to 51.78 MPa in cyclic immersion, compared to 38.17 MPa for standard polymer mortar. SEM analysis revealed a more compact microstructure with reduced porosity in nano-silica specimens, while FTIR confirmed the formation of new chemical bonds between the epoxy matrix and silica particles. XRD testing identified the presence of SiO2 crystalline phase and nano-silica distribution in amorphous form throughout the composite matrix. The optimized polymer mortar demonstrated superior durability in seawater environments, maintaining specific gravity stability and resistance to degradation after prolonged immersion, outperforming conventional cementitious materials in marine applications.
Construction of Ternary Heterojunction g-C3N4 /BiVO4 /GQDs Nanocomposite and Its Methylene Blue Photodegradation Performance Arieveali, Heroldinho; Setyaningtyas, Tien; Riyani, Kapti; Riapanitra, Anung
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.3.777-788

Abstract

Ternary heterojunction g-C3N4/BiVO4/GQDs (CBG) composite photocatalysts were successfully made by high-temperature solidstate method. The prepared CBG photocatalyst was used to degrade the methylene blue (MB) solution under the simulation of visible light irradiation. The analysis of photocatalytic activity was carried out in the parameters of mass variation of composite components, pH of MB solution, and kinetic rate measurement. The results showed that the adsorption-photocatalysis synergy effect occurred at its best in CBG-20 samples with pH 9 in MB solution with a degradation kinetic rate following the pseudo-first order within 150 min of removal time as the optimum condition that could degrade MB by 94.81%. The result showed that the photocatalytic activity of theternary composite was higher than that of pristine g-C3N4, BiVO4, or the binary composite of g-C3N4/BiVO4. Trapping experiments results support the direct dual Z-scheme which shows that ·O2- is the most significant radical for the photocatalytic degradation of MB. The prepared ternary composites show outstanding application prospects in wastewater treatment.
Advancements in Real-Time PCR Technologies: A Comprehensive Review of Probe-Based and Non-Probe-Based Assays for Molecular Diagnostics Malau, Jekmal; Zahro, Aurora Fatimatuz; Zahra, Aliya Azkia; Kasasiah, Ahsanal; Meilani, Nanda Diva; Damara, Dandy Satria; Lestari, Agatha Nabilla; Saryono; Wahyono, Daniel Joko
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.3.660-677

Abstract

The decision between probe-based and non-probe-based qPCR assays is crucial, influenced by diagnostic goals and sample characteristics. This review provides an in-depth evaluation of these two assay types, analyzing their principles, strengths, drawbacks, and applications. A thorough review of the literature, primarily sourced from PubMed, was undertaken to explore prominent assay systems, including TaqMan, KASP, rhAmp, HRM, and SYBR Green. Probe-based qPCR assays, exemplified by TaqMan and rhAmp, are distinguished by their high specificity, aptitude for multiplex analysis, and reduced risk of false positives, making them highly suitable for SNP genotyping and pathogen detection. However, their elevated costs and intricate design requirements remain significant challenges. Conversely, non-probe-based assays, such as SYBR Green and HRM, present cost-effective alternatives with straightforward designs. HRM, in particular, is effective in identifying genetic variations like SNPs with remarkable sensitivity. Nonetheless, these methods are susceptible to non-specific amplifications, requiring careful optimization to maintain reliability. The selection of a suitable qPCR assay depends on various factors, including precision, affordability, and multiplexing capabilities, with applications spanning infectious disease detection and genetic disorder analysis. This review emphasizes the indispensable role of qPCR in molecular diagnostics while showcasing recent technological advances that aim to mitigate existing constraints and enhance diagnostic precision and accessibility.
Citrus hystrix DC. Peel Essential Oil Protects Mice from UVB-Induced Skin Damage through Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Properties Nhung, Tran Thi Phuong; Quoc, Le Pham Tan
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.3.741-752

Abstract

This study evaluated the protective effects of Citrus hystrix peel essential oil (EOCH) against UVB-induced skin damage in mice. The mice were randomly divided into six groups: a normal control, a UVB-exposed group, a UVB+VAP group, and three EOCH-treated groups receiving 1%, 5%, or 10% EOCH. UVB exposure was applied for 4 weeks to induce skin damage. Skin damage was assessed by scoring lesions and measuring moisture levels, while oxidative stress was evaluated by determining malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in the organs. The antioxidant defense was analyzed via the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and thioredoxin reductase (TRx), along with the GSH/GSSG ratio. Immune response was assessed by measuring white blood cell (WBC) counts and evaluating phagocytic activity. UVB exposure increased skin damage scores to 3.6±0.55 and reduced moisture from 34.88±0.83% to 16.61±0.53% (p < 0.05). In contrast, the EOCH10 group restored damage scores to 0 and moisture levels to 31.85±0.34% (p < 0.05 vs. UVB). EOCH10 also significantly lowered MDA and H2O2 levels and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, immune parameters were improved, with WBC counts, PR, and PI showing significant recovery (p < 0.05). Overall, EOCH demonstrated comprehensive protective effects against UVB-induced skin damage, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent.
Water Depth Monitoring based on Affordable Modem to Prevent Flooding and Wildfires, Study Case in Teluk Seruo Lake, Indonesia Khairul Saleh; Rendy M. Wahid; Hadi; Iskhaq Iskandar; Adnan, Assaidah
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.3.889-894

Abstract

A cutting-edge telemetry system for water depth monitoring is essential for achieving effective and reliable measurements through bidirectional communication. This system is designed to operate at any time requested by the user, enhancing the relevance of the collected data while promoting significant energy and memory savings. We propose implementing this innovative design at a Teluk Seruo Lake, featuring advanced flood and drought warning functions to proactively address the challenges of seasonal natural disasters. Using an Arduino board paired with an ultrasonic sensor and equipped with a Wi-Fi modem, users can seamlessly communicate with their smartphones to initiate measurements and access real-time water depth data via a dedicated website. Our laboratory tests confirm that timely alerts were successfully sent to users’ phones whenever water levels exceeded critical thresholds. Furthermore, during field tests, continuous monitoring of the lake’s water depth was efficiently conducted through the website, powered by 8400 mAh batteries that supported up to 75 data transmissions over a 12.5-hours period. This remarkable performance establishes a solid baseline for modem power consumption, underscoring the system’s effectiveness and reliability.

Page 48 of 56 | Total Record : 551

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