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Analisis Cost-Effectiveness Antara Telepsychiatry Dan Perawatan Tatap Muka Pada Layanan Kesehatan Mental: Tinjauan Sistematis Mutakin Sambas, Jenal; Nadjib, Mardiati
Jurnal Dunia Kesmas Vol 15, No 1 (2026): Volume 15 Nomor 1
Publisher : Persatuan Dosen Kesehatan Masyarakat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/jdk.v15i1.23999

Abstract

Gangguan kesehatan mental merupakan masalah global dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat, sementara akses terhadap layanan psikiatri masih terbatas akibat kendala geografis, kekurangan tenaga ahli, dan tingginya biaya layanan. Telepsychiatry dan intervensi digital berbasis telemedicine muncul sebagai pendekatan untuk memperluas jangkauan layanan kesehatan mental. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas klinis dan cost-effectiveness telepsychiatry dibandingkan layanan tatap muka. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, dan ScienceDirect untuk periode 2021–2025 dan dilaporkan sesuai dengan PRISMA 2020. Dari 172 artikel yang diidentifikasi, delapan studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi, terdiri atas randomized controlled trials dan evaluasi ekonomi yang membandingkan telepsychiatry atau intervensi digital (iCBT, blended CBT, eHealth, dan iSMI) dengan layanan tatap muka. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi digital berbasis telepsychiatry umumnya menghasilkan efektivitas klinis yang sebanding dengan layanan tatap muka. Dari perspektif ekonomi, sebagian besar studi melaporkan biaya total yang lebih rendah atau probabilitas cost-effective yang lebih tinggi, dengan variasi hasil yang dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik populasi, tingkat dukungan profesional, dan perspektif analisis yang digunakan.
Effectiveness of Cigarette Price Increases Through Excise Taxes on Smoking Prevalence: A Systematic Review Mus’ab, Mus’ab; Nadjib, Mardiati
Malahayati Nursing Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2026): Volume 8 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/mnj.v8i2.24073

Abstract

ABSTRACT Smoking prevalence in Indonesia remains high, while substantial evidence demonstrates that increasing cigarette prices through excise and taxation is one of the most effective economic interventions to reduce tobacco consumption. However, the magnitude of these impacts varies across countries due to differences in socioeconomic conditions, cigarette market structures, affordability levels, and prevailing fiscal policies. This study conducted a Systematic Literature Review of 12 studies from various countries to evaluate the effectiveness of cigarette price increases in reducing smoking prevalence. The findings indicate that price increases consistently lower smoking prevalence across all countries reviewed, with the strongest effects observed among adolescents and low-income populations. The highest effectiveness was found in countries with simpler excise structures and routine annual tax adjustments. For Indonesia, these findings highlight the need for stronger excise reforms, including simplifying the tax structure, implementing real annual tax increases, and eliminating low-priced cigarette segments to achieve more substantial and sustainable reductions in smoking prevalence. Keywords: Cigarette, Price Increases, Excise Taxation, Smoking Prevalence.