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ATTITUDE AND LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF MUSLIM FAMILIES REGARDING THE MUI FATWA ON SUPPORTING PALESTINE Hadi, Mukhammad Nur; Anto, Abdul Haris Fitri; Ningtyas, Mega Ayu; Sholikhah, Nichatus
Indonesian Journal of Shariah and Justice Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Program Studi Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Program Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Ternate

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46339/ijsj.v4i2.138

Abstract

The issuance of MUI Fatwa number 83 of 2023, addressing the Law and Support for the Palestinian Struggle, has elicited diverse reactions from the public. Some view it as a means of expressing solidarity with the Palestinian people's struggle against colonialism. In contrast, others harbor skepticism due to potential negative repercussions, especially for Muslim families targeted by the fatwa. Consequently, this study aims to assess the support of Muslim families for MUI Fatwa No. 23 of 2023, particularly those directly impacted and unaffected by the fatwa. Employing a quantitative-qualitative method, this research uses psychological and philosophical approach by utilizing attitude and Maqashid theory. The research utilized a Likert scale measuring support for the MUI fatwa, validated and tested for reliability. The scale was administered through the Google Form application in an online distribution. The study involved 176 Muslim families, encompassing both those affected and unaffected by the fatwa. Overall, the findings indicate a moderate level (mean 62,81). It covered 35,8% of the respondent's support for the MUI fatwa among Muslim families. Post hoc analysis revealed a significantly higher mean for the affective aspect (3.94) compared to the cognitive (3.75) and behavioral aspects (3.65), emphasizing the emotional nature of the support. Furthermore, a comparison of support between affected (64.02) and unaffected (62.3) families revealed an insignificant difference (p-value 0.152 > 0.05). In the perspective attitude theory, the Muslim family's response to the MUI fatwa falls within the moderate range and leans towards an emotional rather than cognitive and behavioral inclination. In the Maqashid perspective, they tend to fight for the value of human protection (hifdh an-nafs) for themselves and their families. On the one hand they also condemn Israel's crimes against Palestinians. Here it can be stated that their attitude and legal consciousness in the cognitive aspect is not comparable to the practical aspect.
Conservatism on Islamic Legal Maxims: Judicial Interpretation of Polygamous Marriage at the Religious Courts of Mojokerto, Indonesia Hadi, Mukhammad Nur; Islamiyah, Latifatul; Kurniawan, Cecep Soleh
Journal of Islamic Law Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): Journal of Islamic Law
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24260/jil.v4i2.1637

Abstract

This article explores religious judges’ interpretations of Islamic legal maxims through a content analysis of 30 verdicts that granted permission for husbands’ polygamous marriages issued by the Religious Court of Mojokerto in Indonesia from 2020 to 2022. Despite governmental efforts to restrict polygamous marriage practices due to potential negative consequences, religious judges often grant permission to husbands, considering a balance between maṣlaḥah (public good) and mafsadah (harm). Employing a normative-philosophical approach, this article identifies two recurring Islamic legal maxims consistently applied by judges: “dar’u al-mafāsid muqaddamun ‘alā jalb al-maṣāliḥ” and “idhā taʼārada mafṣadaṭānī rūʼiya aʼẓamuhumā ḍararan bi al-’irtikābi akhaffihimā.” However, their legal interpretations regarding maṣlaḥah and mafsadah reinforce the husband’s interest in the case of polygamous marriage. Thus, the authors argue that the interpretations of these legal maxims in practice reflect a conservative perspective that strengthens patriarchal hierarchies. These findings highlight that Islamic legal maxims as legal principles within Islam have not yet effectively functioned as an instrument of protection for vulnerable groups, especially women and children.
Ayah Tiri sebagai Wali Nikah Perspektif Empat Mazhab Fitri, Riskha; Hadi, Mukhammad Nur
Komparatif: Jurnal Perbandingan Hukum dan Pemikiran Islam Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Desember
Publisher : Department of Comparative Mazhab Comparative, Fakulty of Shariah and Law

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/komparatif.v4i2.2477

Abstract

Abstract: Marriage is a physical and mental bond between a man and a woman that aims to form a happy and eternal family. In marriage, some pillars and conditions determine the validity of a marriage. One of them is the presence of a guardian. Islamic Law Pluralism refers to the diversity of views, madzhab, in the application of valid Islamic law. In this case, there are differences of opinion in the fiqh madzhab in determining the law. Therefore, in this study, the author examines the validity of the stepfather as a marriage guardian based on the views of the madzhab imams, with a case study focusing on the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) of Kraton District, Pasuruan Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach with a comparative analysis method. Data collection was conducted through interviews with the KUA and strengthened by literature review from the fiqh books of the four main madhhabs: Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali. The results of the study reveal that there are different views among the madzhab imams regarding the validity of stepfathers as marriage guardians. Stepfather as a marriage guardian, according to the views of Imam Hanafi and Imam Maliki, allows the stepfather to be a marriage guardian because, according to Imam Maliki, the right of ijbar wali is owned by every Muslim. And according to Imam Hanafi, it is permissible to marry without a guardian or ask someone else to marry him. Meanwhile, according to Imam Hanbali and Imam Syafi'i, a stepfather is not valid as a marriage guardian because a stepfather is not a nasab guardian and does not have the right of ijbar.Keywords: Marriage Guardian, Stepfather, Imams of the Madzhab, Islamic Marriage Law. Abstrak: Pernikahan merupakan ikatan lahir batin antara seorang pria dan wanita yang bertujuan untuk membentuk keluarga yang bahagia dan kekal. Dalam pernikahan terdapat rukun dan syarat yang menentukan sahnya suatu pernikahan tersebut. Salah satunya yaitu adanya wali. Pluralisme Hukum Islam mengacu pada keragaman pandangan, madzhab dalam penerapan hukum islam yang sah. Dalam hal ini terdapat perbedaan pendapat madzhab fiqih dalam menetapkan hukum. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini penulis mengkaji keabsahan ayah tiri sebagai wali nikah berdasarkan pandangan para imam mazhab, dengan studi kasus yang berfokus pada Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Kecamatan Kraton, Kabupaten Pasuruan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis-komparatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan pihak KUA, serta diperkuat dengan kajian literatur dari kitab-kitab fiqh empat madzhab utama: Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi’i, dan Hanbali. Hasil penelitian mengungkap adanya perbedaan pandangan di antara imam madzhab terkait keabsahan ayah tiri sebagai wali nikah. Ayah tiri menjadi wali nikah menurut pandangan Imam Hanafi dan Imam Maliki memperbolehkan ayah tiri menjadi wali nikah dikarenakan menurut Imam Maliki hak ijbar wali dimiliki oleh setiap muslim. Dan menurut Imam Hanafi memperbolehkan nikah tanpa wali atau meminta orang lain untuk menikahkannya. Sedangkan menurut Imam Hanbali dan Imam Syafi’i, ayah tiri tidak sah menjadi wali nikah dikarenakan ayah tiri bukan termasuk wali nasab dan tidak memiliki hak ijbar.Kata kunci: Wali Nikah, Ayah Tiri, Imam Mazhab, Hukum perkawinan Islam.  
CONSERVATIVE MUSLIM ON THE SCREEN: The Narrative of Islamic Family Law in Indonesian Films Hadi, Mukhammad Nur
Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ahwal.2021.14202

Abstract

This article focuses on the paradigm of Islamic family law in four Indonesian Islamic films: When Cinta Bertasbih 2 (2009), The Unmissable Heaven (2015), Talak 3 (2016), and Wedding Agreement (2018). This article brings a discussion of family law issues that were constructed in these films, with the purpose to find out what kind of family law tendencies are presented. This research utilizes a qualitative content analysis approach. It means the data was collected by examining scene by scene related to family law issues in the four films and then analyzed. As a result, this article argues that a variety of Islamic family law issues, including unregistered marriage, polygamy, triple talaq, and marriage agreements in the films, tend to result in conservative rather than progressive fiqh. This demonstrates that there is an attempt (wittingly/unwittingly) to emphasize the conservative Islamic family law paradigm in these Islamic films'.Artikel ini fokus pada paradigma hukum keluarga Islam di beberapa film islami Indonesia. Film-film yang dimaksud adalah Ketika Cinta Bertasbih 2 (2009), Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan (2015), Talak 3 (2016), dan Wedding Agreement (2018). Artikel ini menyajikan diskusi isu hukum keluarga yang direka dalam beberapa film tersebut, di mana tujuannya adalah untuk menemukan seperti apa kecenderungan hukum keluarga yang dihadirkan. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan pendekatan analisis isi (content analysis) secara kualitatif. Artinya, data-data dikumpulkan dengan menelaah adegan demi adegan yang berkaitan dengan isu hukum keluarga Islam dalam keempat film tersebut, kemudian dianalisis. Alhasil, artikel ini berargumen bahwa ragam isu hukum perkawinan, seperti nikah siri, poligami, talak tiga, hingga perjanjian perkawinan dalam film-film itu cenderung mengarah kepada fikih konservatif, bukan progresif. Hal ini menandakan adanya geliat mengutamakan paradigma hukum keluarga Islam yang bernalar konservatif dalam film-film tersebut, terlepas apakah itu disengaja atau tidak. 
THE NARRATIVE OF PROTECTING POLYGAMOUS WOMEN IN INDONESIA'S DIGITAL WORLD: Between Moderate and Conservative Muslims Hadi, Mukhammad Nur
Al-Ahwal: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Vol. 15 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ahwal.2022.15201

Abstract

This article focuses on the narrative of the polygamy issue on four Indonesian Islamic websites: portal-islam.id, nu.or.id, rumaysho.com, and muslim.or.id. They are selected based on ranking and visitation by referring to the results of processing data on similarweb. Deploying a content analysis approach, this article looks at the extent to which moderate and conservative school websites display the legal narrative of polygamy on their platforms. This research shows that there is a reasonably intense contestation between conservative and moderate perspectives on Islamic websites on the issue of polygamy. Both use the excuse of protecting women as the fundamental argument. Moderate Islamic website such as nu.or.id criticizes conservative understanding but also shows some views that align with traditional schools. The conservative Islamic websites: portal-islam.id, rumaysho.com, and muslim.or.id mostly stand firmly on the traditional argument, polygamy means protecting women. I argue that in this position, the moderate and the conservative Islamic websites,  at the top of the rankings do not significantly impact the progressivity of the polygamy legal discourse movement in the digital discourse.[Artikel ini berfokus pada narasi isu poligami di empat situs web Islami Indonesia: portal-islam.id, nu.or.id, rumaysho.com, dan muslim.or.id. Mereka diseleksi berdasarkan ranking dan visitasi dengan mengacu pada hasil pengolahan data pada similarweb. Menggunakan pendekatan analisis konten, artikel ini melihat sejauh mana situs web Islami bernuansa moderat dan konservatif menampilkan narasi hukum poligami di platform mereka. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kontestasi antara perspektif konservatif dan moderat dalam situs web Islami tentang isu poligami. Keduanya menggunakan dalih melindungi perempuan sebagai argumen dasar. Situs web Islami beraliran moderat, yakni nu.or.id mengkritisi pemahaman konservatif, tetapi juga menunjukkan beberapa pandangannya berkelindan dengan aliran tradisional. Situs web Islami yang konservatif: portal-islam.id, rumaysho.com, dan muslim.or.id sebagian besar berdiri teguh pada argumen tradisional, yakni poligami berarti melindungi perempuan. Saya berargumen bahwa dalam posisi ini, situs-situs web Islami moderat dan konservatif, di peringkat teratas tidak berdampak signifikan terhadap progresivitas gerakan wacana hukum poligami dalam wacana digital.]
Between Conservatism and Progressivism: The Young Penghulu in East Java's Legal Paradigm Addresses Disability Issues in Marriage Nur Hadi, Mukhammad; Ali Sabri, Fahruddin; Masum, Ahmad
Al-Qadha : Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Perundang-Undangan Vol 10 No 2 (2023): Al-Qadha: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Perundang-Undangan
Publisher : Hukum Keluarga Islam IAIN LANGSA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32505/qadha.v10i2.7352

Abstract

The legal knowledge of penghulu on disability issues determines how to implement laws that advocate for persons with disabilities. This paper traces the legal paradigm of seven Penghulus in East Java who were newly inducted in 2022 against several articles in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) that touch on disability issues. Some of the themes tracked are marriage guardians (article 22), marriage witnesses (article 25), and polygamy (article 57). It is an empirical study using conceptual and philosophical approaches. This article finds that most young East Javanese penghulu still need an advocate interpretation paradigm because they read the articles authentically and grammatically, not sociologically or teleologically. The benefit (maslahah) aspect of these articles is also considered to look more authentic. Therefore, the argument of advocates for the rights of persons with a human rights perspective is not widely involved. As a result, persons with disabilities who are guardians of marriage, witnesses of marriage, and wives can become victims of neglect of fundamental civil rights in marriage. It is where the conservative paradigm of the young penghulu comes into being strong and dominant. The existence of the progressive paradigm is also buried and framed in the current conservative paradigm. This finding is certainly an important note about how the government indirectly shapes the contestation of conservative and progressive paradigms in family law.
Children’s Legal Identity at Stake: Reconstructing Maqasid al-Syari'ah through Marriage Isbat Applications by the Second Generation in Pasuruan Rifqi, Muhammad Jazil; Nadhifah, Nurul Asiya; Hadi, Mukhammad Nur; Junaidy, Abdul Basith; Solikin, Agus
El-Mashlahah Vol 15 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sharia Faculty of State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Palangka Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23971/el-mashlahah.v15i1.9068

Abstract

The article explored the issue of legal identity among children born from nikah siri (unregistered marriages) in Pasuruan, Indonesia, who pursue isbat nikah to formally legalize their parents’ undocumented married. Based on earlier research that focused primarily on the marital relationship, the study highlighted a generational shift, wherein children from these married are no longer passive observers but active legal participants seeking access to inheritance, educational entitlements, and official guardianship. Utilizing a socio-legal qualitative methodology, the research employed interviews with petitioners, religious court judges, and representatives from the Office of Religious Affairs. The findings found out that isbat nikah serves not only as a corrective legal process but also as a strategic means to reintroduce excluded families into the formal legal framework of the state. From the theoretical view of maqasid al-syari'ah, the study shows how Islamic legal objectives including the preservation of lineage (hifz al-nasl), the pursuit of justice (‘adl), and the safeguarding of dignity (hifz al-‘ird) are being reshaped through judicial interpretation and community practice. The study enriched current discourse on legal pluralism, reform in Islamic family law, and the emergent role of youth in engaging with religious legal institutions. Although its scope is limited to Pasuruan, the research provides a foundation for comparative investigations into how second-generation actors operate within overlapping legal systems across Muslim-majority societies.
Navigating Stigma and Discrimination: Betrothal Challenges Faced by Descendants of Leprosy in Madura, Indonesia Sabri, Fahruddin Ali; Rosyadi, Imron; Isfironi, Mohammad; Hadi, Mukhammad Nur; Sulthon, M; Khazin, A. Mufti
AL-ISTINBATH : Jurnal Hukum Islam Vol 8 No 2 November (2023)
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Curup

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29240/jhi.v8i2.6905

Abstract

This article aims to uncover stereotypes against lepers and their descendants by impacting difficulties in finding a potential partner and the risk of being abandoned by a potential partner. This clearly cannot be underestimated and is part of the State and non-state actors’ responsibilities in protecting human rights based on Islamic law. This article used ethnography as a methodology of research when dialogue and observation were used as research techniques.  This study’s findings revealed that the descendants of lepers were considered a threat to the survival of their descendants, so they got discriminatory treatment, exclusion, stigmatization, exile, and inequality which in turn could interfere with their dignity. The Dhohiri School had a different view out of the four Schools of Islamic law namely Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali, where this School rejected divorce because of disability in any form. Dhohiri School had shown partiality and respect for the human rights of lepers and their descendants to engage in Betrothal and marriage without any discrimination, exclusion, stigmatization, banishment, or inequality of any kind. The alignment of the Dhohiri School is in line with the State and non-state actors’ efforts to minimize the inhumane and terrible treatments of people with leprosy and their descendants.
Nalar Fikih Penghulu di Kota Malang dalam Saksi Nikah Tuli Hadi, Mukhammad Nur
INKLUSI Vol. 8 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : PLD UIN Sunan Kalijaga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/ijds.080206

Abstract

This article discusses the paradigm of penghulus (the marriage registrants at the office for religious affairs, KUA) in Malang City regarding the status of marriage witnesses. This study uses a philosophical normative approach to find several important points. It turns out that fiqh is dominantly used by the penghulu to limit the rights of witnesses to marriages with hearing disabilities. This is related to the internalization of maslahat in the fiqh paradigm of the penghulu which is manifested in the form of concerns about leaving fiqh, on the one hand, and the stability of following fiqh and the opinions of local ulama', on the other. Nevertheless, fiqh is still a representation of the “advocative paradigm” of the penghulu in terms of the rights of deaf marriage witnesses by elaborating on sociological aspects and the development of science. It is safe to say that the continuing reference to traditional fiqh among the penghulu is related to the failure of the Malang City government in promoting their vision of creating an inclusive city. Artikel ini membahas nalar fikih penghulu di Kota Malang dalam status saksi nikah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif filosofis untuk menemukan beberapa poin penting. Fikih ternyata dominan digunakan penghulu untuk membatasi hak saksi nikah Tuli. Hal ini terkait dengan internalisasi maslahat dalam nalar fikih penghulu yang termanifestasi dalam bentuk kekhawatiran meninggalkan fikih, di satu sisi, dan kemantapan mengikuti fikih dan pendapat ulama’ lokal, di sisi yang lain. Meskipun demikian, fikih masih menjadi representasi “nalar advokatif” penghulu dalam hal hak saksi nikah Tuli dengan mengelaborasi aspek sosiologis dan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Di sini dapat ditemukan bahwa dominasi nalar fikih lama di kalangan penghulu terkait dengan lemahnya pengaruh gagasan pemerintah Kota Malang yang ingin mewujudkan kota yang inklusif.
Customary Hegemony and Limited Female Agency: The Persistence of the Sangkal Tradition in Madurese Communities Putri, Nur Fadila Maulana; Hadi, Mukhammad Nur; Masum, Ahmad
Indonesian Journal of Sharia and Socio-Legal Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Sharia and Socio-Legal Studies
Publisher : Elkuator Research and Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24260/ijssls.1.2.120

Abstract

This article examines the persistence of the sangkal tradition within Madurese Muslim communities, exploring how customary hegemony influences women’s agency and interacts with local religious authority. The tradition is rooted in a cultural narrative that prohibits women from refusing the first marriage proposal (tako’ sangkal), with noncompliance believed to bring misfortune upon them. Although it lacks any foundation in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), the tradition continues to function as a powerful social norm influencing pre-marital decision-making. Employing a socio-legal approach, this field research draws on in-depth interviews with women who accepted or rejected their first proposals, as well as local religious leaders in Klompang Timur, Pamekasan. The study identifies four mechanisms that simultaneously sustain the sangkal tradition: the genealogical authority of ancestral custom, internalization of misfortune narratives, symbolic pressures tied to family honor, and limited religious literacy that enables customary norms to overshadow the principles of khiṭbah (marriage proposal) in fiqh. Women’s responses range from compliance to strategic negotiation, such as symbolic acceptance, to overt resistance through refusal or temporary self-displacement. Local religious leaders acknowledge that tako’ sangkal has no sharīʿah legitimacy and may be detrimental to women; yet, such recognition rarely materializes into public critique or reform. This article argues that the endurance of the sangkal tradition is driven not by religious legitimacy but by the hegemonic power of custom, the social production of fear, and the narrow space for women’s agency within family and community structures. [Artikel ini menelusuri kebertahanan tradisi sangkal dalam masyarakat muslim Madura dengan menelaah bagaimana hegemoni adat membentuk ruang agensi perempuan dan berinteraksi dengan otoritas keagamaan setempat. Tradisi ini bertumpu pada narasi kultural bahwa perempuan tidak diperkenankan menolak lamaran pertama (tako’ sangkal), dan ketidakpatuhan diyakini mendatangkan kemalangan baginya. Meskipun tidak memiliki dasar hukum dalam fikih Islam, tradisi ini tetap berfungsi sebagai norma sosial yang kuat dalam proses pengambilan keputusan pra-nikah. Melalui pendekatan sosio-legal, penelitian lapangan ini berbasis wawancara mendalam dengan para perempuan yang menerima dan menolak lamaran pertama serta tokoh agama di Klompang Timur, Pamekasan. Penelitian menemukan empat mekanisme yang secara simultan menopang tradisi sangkal: otoritas genealogis adat leluhur, internalisasi narasi kemalangan, tekanan simbolik terkait kehormatan keluarga, dan minimnya literasi keagamaan yang memungkinkan adat mendominasi prinsip lamaran (khiṭbah) dalam fikih Islam. Respons perempuan hadir dalam bentuk kepatuhan, strategi negosiasi seperti penerimaan simbolik, hingga resistensi terbuka melalui penolakan atau pengungsian sementara. Para tokoh agama setempat mengakui bahwa tako’ sangkal tidak memiliki legitimasi syariah dan berpotensi merugikan perempuan, tetapi pengakuan tersebut jarang berwujud dalam kritik publik sampai upaya reformasi. Artikel ini menegaskan bahwa bertahannya sangkal tidak didorong oleh legitimasi agama melainkan oleh kekuatan hegemonik adat, produksi ketakutan sosial, dan sempitnya ruang agensi perempuan di ruang keluarga dan komunitas.]