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UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT INFUSA DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata) PADA LARVA Artemia salina MENGGUNAKAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST Mayang, Arinta; Santoso, Bilal S A
Jurnal Farmasi Medica/Pharmacy Medical Journal (PMJ) Vol 3, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (681.712 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/pmj.3.1.2020.28960

Abstract

ABSTRACTAnnona muricata is a family of Annonaceae that has been known as a medicinal plant. Sirsakleaves contain alkaloids, tannins, and several other chemical contents including acetogenin.The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of the infusion of Sirsak leaves onthe Artemia salina larvae by the Brine Shirmp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. This experimentalstudy used 5 treatment concentrations (10 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 500 mg/L, 1000mg/L) and 1 negative control. All treatments were repeated 3 times. The number of Artemiasalina larvae used for each concentration was 10 larvae. The number of dead larvae wascounted after 24 hours of treatment. Based on probit analysis, the LC50 value of Sirsak leafinfusion was 38,73 mg/L. The conclusion of this research is the infusion of Sirsak leaves istoxic.Keywords: Sirsak leaves, toxicity, BSLTABSTRAKSirsak (Annona muricata) adalah keluarga Annonaceae yang telah dikenal sebagai tanamanobat. Daun Sirsak mengandung alkaloid, tanin, dan beberapa kandungan kimia lainnya termasukacetogenin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan toksisitas akut dari infusdaun Sirsak pada larva Artemia salina dengan metode Brine Shirmp Lethality Test (BSLT).Studi eksperimental ini menggunakan 5 konsentrasi perlakuan (10 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L,500 mg/L, 1000 mg/L) dan 1 kontrol negatif. Semua perawatan diulang 3 kali. Jumlah larvaArtemia salina yang digunakan untuk setiap konsentrasi adalah 10 larva. Jumlah larva matidihitung setelah 24 jam perlakuan. Berdasarkan analisis probit, nilai LC50 infus daun Sirsakadalah 38,73 mg/L. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah infus daun Sirsak bersifat toksik.Kata kunci: daun sirsak, toksisitas, BSLT
Penyuluhan Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Kepada Karang Taruna Desa Grabagan Sidohajo Kec.Susukan Kab.Semarang ahwan abdul
IJECS: Indonesian Journal of Empowerment and Community Services Vol 2, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32585/ijecs.v2i2.1838

Abstract

Kepemimpinan merupakan kunci sukses untuk meningkatkan kemajuan suatu sumber daya manusia (SDM) di suatu daerah. Kepemimpinan tidak hanya diperoleh dari bakat atau karismatik tetapi dapat diperoleh dengan adanya pelatihan kepemimpinan itu sendiri. Kepemimpinan dalam pengabdian ini digunakan untuk menumbuhkan jiwa pemimpin pada genaerasi muda yang ada dipedesaan melalui wadah karang taruna di desa Grabagan Sidoharjo Kecamatan Susukan Kab. Semarang. Metode yang digunakan adalah memberikan materi kepemimpinan kepada peserta karang taruna, diskusi dan melatih membangun kepribadian kepemimpinan, keorganisasian, memahami peran, tujuan dan fungsi organisasi dan sikap peduli terhadap lingkungan masyarakat. Hasil pengabdian pelatihan dasar kepemimpinan yang dilakukan oleh tim pengabdian dapat memberikan ilmu yang bermanfaat bagi peserta karang taruna yang mengikuti pelatihan ini. Peserta yang mengikuti ini sangat antusias dan aktif dalam melaksanakan pelatihan ini. Sehingga hasil yang didapatkan melalui latihan dasar kepemimpinan menjadi lebih bermanfaat bagi para peserta sehingga dapat di aplikasikan generasi muda karang taruna dalam membangun Desa Grabagan Sidoharjo Kecamatan Susukan Kabupaten Semarang dengan berbagai macam program kerja.
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN KANDUNGAN FENOLIK TOTAL FRAKSI N-HEKSAN DAN KLOROFORM DAUN JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix) Fadilah Qonitah; Ahwan Ahwan
As-Syifaa Jurnal Farmasi Vol 11, No 2 (2019): AS-SYIFAA Jurnal Farmasi
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi UMI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (250.158 KB) | DOI: 10.33096/jifa.v11i2.542

Abstract

Free radicals can cause several diseases. Antioxidants are the compounds that can reduce free radicals in the human body. Kaffir lime leaves contain phenolic and flavonoids compounds which have antioxidant activity. This research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and to determine total phenolic contents of fraction n-hexane and chloroform from kaffir lime leaves. The antioxidant activity was determined by radical scavenging assay using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical. The total phenolic content was determined by the spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of chloroform fraction (IC50: 302.91 ± 0.28 µg / mL) was higher than the n-hexane fraction (IC50: 714,25±1,97 µg /mL),but the antioxidant activity was lower than vitamin C (IC50: 3,28 ±0,12 µg /mL). The total phenolic content of chloroform fraction (4.73±0,33% w/w EAG) was higher than the n-hexane fraction (3,18 ± 0,31% w/w EAG).
IDENTIFIKASI DAN ISOLASI ISOLAT NON POLAR, SEMIPOLAR DAN NON POLAR DARI FRAKSI HEKSANA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle L.) DENGAN METODE TLC SCANNER DAN GC-MS Ahwan Abdul
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Farmasyifa Vol 1, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jiff.v1i2.3746

Abstract

Tanaman daun sirih (piper betlle L.) merupakan tanaman yang banyak digunakan pada jaman nenek moyang dulu sebagai campuran inang, sabun, dan bumbu masakan. Daun sirih tersebut banyak mengandung metabolik sekunder yang mempunyai aktifitas sebagai obat. Dalam daun sirih mengandung komponen senyawa kimia yang dapat diisolasi dan mempunyai efek atau aktifitas tertentu terhadap pengobatan (antikanker, antimikroba dan  radikal bebas).Penelitian ini menerangkan isolat yang mempunyai struktur kimia yang bertanggungjawab terhadap aktifitasnya dengan cara proses ekstraksi (maserasi), fraksinasi (kromatografi cair vakum), identifikasi (KLT preparatif, densitometry dan GC-MS). Hasil yang diperoleh berupa isolat non polar, semipolar dan polar dari fraksi heksana.Isolat tersebut di identifikasi dengan KLT, TLC scanner dan GC-MS. Hasil yang diperoleh isolat nonpolar: Alkana (9,43%); alkohol (1,34); asam karboksilat (2,57); turunan fenol (32,09); furan (0,16) dan terpena (2,21), Isolat semipolar: alkana (7,77); alkohol (1,25); aldehide (2,88); turunan fenol (31,96); furan (0,26) dan terpena (0,64) sedangkan isolat polar: alkana (10.03); alkohol (2,73); asam karboksilat (14,10); benzopiren (30,73); turunan fenol (26,32) dan organo sulfur (4,20). Senyawa yang mempunyai aktifitas adalah komponen fenol; kavikol, eugenol (non polar dan semipolar); cinamomil klorida (polar) dan senyawa terpena: geraniol, citronella propionate (non polar); cis-pinene (semipolar).
Aktivitas Antioksidan Fraksi N-Heksan Dan Fraksi Kloroform Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix D.C) Dengan Metode FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) Nuning Nurhayati; Fadilah Qonitah; Ahwan Ahwan
Lumbung Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol 3, No 1 (2022): Januari
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MATARAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/lf.v3i1.7457

Abstract

ABSTRAKAntioksidan merupakan senyawa yang dapat menyeimbangkan ROS (reactive oxygen species) yang dapat menyebabkan penuaan kulit. Tubuh manusia secara alamiah dapat menghasilkan antioksidan akan tetapi jumlahnya terbatas sehingga perlu antioksidan eksogen. Daun jeruk purut merupakan tanaman yang mengandung senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan fraksi n-heksan dan fraksi kloroform ekstrak etanol daun jeruk purut dengan metode FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). Metode ekstraksi menggunakan maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Fraksinasi menggunakan metode partisi dilanjutkan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode FRAP secara spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi n-heksan dan fraksi kloroform memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai EC50 masing-masing sebesar (9870,36 ± 1,55) µg/mL dan (9713,30 ± 0,70) µg/mL. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa fraksi n-heksan dan fraksi kloroform ekstrak etanol daun jeruk purut mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat lemah.Kata kunci : FRAP; antioksidan; fraksi n-heksan; fraksi kloroform; daun jeruk purut.ABSTRACT Antioxidants are compounds that can balance ROS (reactive oxygen species) which can cause skin aging. The human body can naturally produce antioxidants but the amount is limited so it needs exogenous antioxidants. Kaffir lime leaves are plants that contain phenolic and flavonoid compounds that have the potential as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the n-hexane fraction and the chloroform fraction of ethanol extract of kaffir lime leaves using the FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) method. The extraction method uses maceration with 96% ethanol as solvent. Fractionation using partition method followed by antioxidant activity test using FRAP method by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results showed that the n-hexane and the chloroform fractions had antioxidant activity with EC50 values of (9870.36 ± 1.55) g/mL and (9713.30 ± 0.70) g/mL. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the n-hexane fraction and the chloroform fraction of the ethanol extract of kaffir lime leaves had very weak antioxidant activity. Keywords : FRAP; antioxidants; n-hexane fraction; chloroform fraction; lime leaves. 
Uji Kualitatif Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Propolis Marilis Rosana; Ahwan Ahwan; Fadilah Qonitah
Lumbung Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Vol 2, No 2 (2021): Juli
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MATARAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31764/lf.v2i2.5499

Abstract

ABSTRAKPropolis adalah zat yang terdiri dari campuran resin, serbuk sari dan lilin tanaman yang dikumpulkan oleh lebah madu. Selain itu propolis mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya potensi antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol propolis. Uji kualitatif aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol propolis dilakukan menggunakan pereaksi DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan warna larutan DPPH dari unggu menjadi kuning pada ekstrak etanol propolis panen 6 bulan dan 1 tahun. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol propolis panen 6 bulan dan 1 tahun memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan. Kata kunci: Antioksidan; Propolis; DPPH.ABSTRACTPropolis is a substance consisting of a mixture of resin, pollen, and plant wax collected by honeybees. In addition, propolis contains secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids that have the potential as antioxidants. This research was conducted to know the potential or potential antioxidants of propolis ethanol extract. A qualitative test of antioxidant activity of propolis ethanol extract was conducted using DPPH reagents (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The results showed that there was a discoloration of DPPH solution from Purple to yellow in propolis ethanol extract harvested 6 months and 1 year. Based on these results can be concluded that propolis ethanol extract harvest 6 months and 1 year has the potential as an antioxidant.Keyword: Antioxidant; Propolis; DPPH
Correlation of Phenolic Content of Multiflora Honey from Malang and Alastuwo to Activity Antioxidant Using DPPH (2.2-Diphenyl-1-Pickrylhydrazyl) Ahwan Abdul
Journal of Nutraceuticals and Herbal Medicine Vol 4, No 1 (2021): JNHM 2021
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jnhm.v4i1.15581

Abstract

Honey contains various compounds that function as antioxidants, one of which is phenolic compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the phenolic content of multiflora honey from Malang and Alastuwo on antioxidant activity using the DPPH method (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Qualitative test of phenolic compounds with FeCl3 color reagent, determination of total phenolic content by UV-Vis spectrophotometry using Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity test using DPPH method (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The results showed that qualitatively Malang and Alastuwo honey contained phenolic compounds. The total phenolic content of Alastuwo honey was 0.0278 ± 0.0010 mg GAE/g and Malang honey was 0.0301 ± 0.0004 mg GAE/g. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that Alastuwo honey had weak antioxidant activity (IC50 of 393.37 ± 10.28 ppm), Malang honey had moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 of 217.20 ± 6.61 ppm) and vitamin C had strong antioxidant activity. (IC50 is 2.22 ± 0.19 ppm). The total phenolic content of Alastuwo and Malang honey correlates with its antioxidant activity.
Formulation of Mouthwash Preparations Ethanol Extract of Coffee Beans Roasted Robusta (Coffea canephora) and Effectiveness Test on Bacteria Streptococcus mutans Syaifur Rahman; Reni Ariastuti; Ahwan Ahwan
Journal of Nutraceuticals and Herbal Medicine Vol 4, No 1 (2021): JNHM 2021
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jnhm.v4i1.15670

Abstract

Dental caries can be caused by Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Robusta coffee bean extract has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Compounds that have antibacterial activity are chlorogenic acid (CGA), caffeine, caffeic acid and trigonelline. Robusta coffee bean extract has the potential to be formulated into mouthwash. This study aims to make a mouthwash formula with the active ingredient of roasted Robusta coffee extract and then evaluate the preparation and test its effectiveness against S. mutans bacteria. Mouthwash preparations were made in 3 formulas with different glycerin concentrations, namely 5%, 10%, and 15%. The stability test of the preparation used the treatment before and after the forced condition. Bacterial inhibition test using agar diffusion method with the positive control, namely commercial mouthwash Chlorhexidine and negative control mouthwash formula without extract content. Data analysis used the Kruskal-Wallis test to determine the differences in each treatment, and the Mann-Whitney test to see which treatment groups were significantly different. The results of the evaluation of the stability of the preparation showed that the three formulations of the mouthwash of roasted Robusta coffee bean extract had organoleptic stability, pH, and viscosity. The results of the inhibitory effectiveness test showed that the mouthwash formulation of formula 1 produced an inhibition zone of 1.6 mm, formula 2 of 2.1 mm, formula 3 of 2.4 mm, positive control of 6.8 mm, and negative control did not produce obstacles zone. It can be concluded that the three mouthwash formulas have antibacterial activity in the weak category (5 mm). The concentration of glycerin in the formula had no significant effect on the stability of the preparation and the antibacterial effectiveness of S. mutans. The results of the inhibitory effectiveness test showed that the mouthwash formulation of formula 1 produced an inhibition zone of 1.6 mm, formula 2 of 2.1 mm, formula 3 of 2.4 mm, positive control of 6.8 mm, and negative control did not produce obstacles zone. It can be concluded that the three mouthwash formulas have antibacterial activity in the weak category (5 mm). The concentration of glycerin in the formula had no significant effect on the stability of the preparation and the antibacterial effectiveness of S. mutans. The results of the inhibitory effectiveness test showed that the mouthwash formulation of formula 1 produced an inhibition zone of 1.6 mm, formula 2 of 2.1 mm, formula 3 of 2.4 mm, positive control of 6.8 mm, and negative control did not produce obstacles zone. It can be concluded that the three mouthwash formulas have antibacterial activity in the weak category (5 mm). The concentration of glycerin in the formula had no significant effect on the stability of the preparation and the antibacterial effectiveness of S. mutans.
Anti Inflammatory Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Fennel Leaves and Fruits (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.) In Wistar Rats Ahwan Abdul
Journal of Nutraceuticals and Herbal Medicine Vol 3, No 2 (2020): JNHM 2020
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/jnhm.v3i2.12847

Abstract

Fennel plant has various kinds of benefits such as anti-inflammatory. Fennel plants contain alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, tannins, anthraquinones, and steroids. The research objective was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract from fennel leaves and fruit. The research method belongs to experimental research with edema formation on rats' feet induced by 1% carrageenan. The animals' tests were randomly divided into eight treatment groups and measured the volume of their feet. Each group was given CMC Na 1% (negative control), diclofenac sodium 4.5mg/Kg weight rats (positive control), and ethanol extract of fennel leaves and fruit at a dose of 87.5 mg/Kg rat body weight, 175 mg/ Kg rat body weight, 350 mg/Kg rat body weight. Moreover, the animals' tests were induced with carrageenan 1% while the edema volume of rat leg was measured at the hours of 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.25; 1.5;1.75; 2.00 after induction of carrageenan. The results of the study were edema volume data and AUC value for each treatment. The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (normality test), Levene test (homogeneity test), and One-Way Anova (effectiveness test). The normality and homogeneity test results show that there is no significant difference (P0.05). In contrast, the effectiveness test between CMC Na 1% (negative control) and Diclofenac sodium 4,5 mg / Kg weight (positive control) shows the significant result (P0.05), CMC Na (negative control) and all extract treatment shows the insignificant result (P0.05), Diclofenac Natrium 4,5 mg/ Kg weight (positive control) with all treatments indicates the significant result (P0.05).
Identifikasi Senyawa Hasil Ekstrak Etanol Daun Adas (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) Dengan Skrining Fitokimia Dan Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) Wahyuni Wahyuni
Pharmed: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Medical Research Vol 4, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Madiun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25273/pharmed.v4i2.10180

Abstract

Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki potensi obat yaitu daun adas (Foenicullum vulgare Mill). Adas banyak digunakan sebagai suplemen makanan, kesehatan, serta bumbu. Hampir semua bagian tanaman adas mengandung senyawa kimia dan nutrisi yang berguna bagi kesehatan dan biasa digunakan sebagai obat tradisional yang memiliki efek farmakologis sebagai antihipertensi, diuretik ringan antirematik serta antiseptik pada saluran kemih. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui senyawa metabolit sekunder dan komponen senyawa kimia dengan metode identifikasi skrining fitokimia dan spektrofotometri inframerah. Metode penelitian berupa penelitian eksperimental dengan mempelajari komponen senyawa aktif yang terdapat pada sampel, yaitu mengenai struktur kimia, biosintesis, penyebaran secara alamiah dan fungsi biologis, isolasi dan perbandingan komposisi senyawa kimia dengan pengujian fitokimia dengan suatu pereaksi warna. Metode yang kedua adalah Spektrofotometri inframerah, merupakan salah satu teknik analis spektroskopi absorpsi dengan memanfaatkan sinar inframerah dari spektrum elektromagnetik, sehingga akan menghasilkan spektrum mewakili senyawanya. Hasil identifikasi dengan skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol daun adas mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, polifenol dan steroid/ terpenoid. Sedangkan untuk analisa gugus fungsi dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer inframerah menunjukan adanya serapan spektrum inframerah pada bilangan gelombang 3361,26 cm-1 menunjukan ikatan O-H, N-H,  2973,51 cm-1 menunjukan ikatan -CH3, -CH2, C-H, C-H aldehid, 2352,19 cm-1 ikatan C ≡ C, C ≡ N, 1739,68 cm-1 menunjukan ikatan C=O (asam, aldehid, keton, amida, ester, anhidrida). Sedangkan pada daerah sidik jari terdapat ikatan C-H bending pada bilangan gelombang 1373,77 cm-1 dan ikatan C=C-H, Ar-H bending berturut-turut pada panjang gelombang 881,82 cm-1 dan 684,60 cm-1.