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Suryadi Budi Utomo
Universitas Sebelas Maret
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Journal : Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia

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Optimization of Hand Sanitizer Formulation with the Addition of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) Essential Oil and a Combination of Essential Oils of Local Indonesian Empon-empon Ariani, Sri Retno Dwi; Van Hayus, Elfi Susanti; Mulyani, Sri; Utomo, Suryadi Budi; Wathon, Muhammad Hizbul; Bilhaq, Natiq; Pramesti, Anastasia Diaz
Molekul Vol 19 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2024.19.2.10186

Abstract

ABSTRACT: This research aimed to optimize the formulation of hand sanitizer by incorporating lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) essential oil in combination with essential oils of local Indonesian empon-empon: temu giring (Curcuma heyneana Val. & van Zipj.), temu kunci (Kaempferia pandurata Roxb.), and temu mangga (Curcuma amada Roxb.). The optimization of hand sanitizer formulation was done based on several tests. The first was organoleptic test by observing the aroma, color, and form; the second was pH, homogeneity, and spreadability testing, and; the third was testing the antibacterial activities of each hand sanitizer formula against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25922. The research stages encompassed isolation of essential oils, formulation and evaluation of hand sanitizers, antibacterial activities test, optimization of hand sanitizer formulation, and identification of the chemical compounds in the hand sanitizer with the optimum formulation using the GC-MS method. The study resulted in the hand sanitizer with the optimum formulation containing the essential oils of lemongrass (3%) and temu giring (3%), demonstrating very strong antibacterial bioactivities against both E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923, with inhibition zones measuring 29.70 mm and 60.08 mm, respectively. This hand sanitizer had a distinctive aroma, combining the scents of lemongrass and temu giring. It was in liquid form, clear, and homogeneous, with pH and spreadibility values of 5.4 and 6.4 cm, respectively. The quality complied with SNI quality standards No. 06-2588. The primary active ingredients were E-citral (22.10%), Z-citral (17.88%), and 1,8-cineol (17.63%). Keywords: Essential oil, hand sanitizer, lemongrass, temu giring, temu kunci, temu mangga.
Eco-friendly Sunscreen: Aloe vera and Garlic-Shallot Peel Extract Formulation for Enhanced SPF Mulyani, Sri; Nugrahani, Arumsasi Putri; Majid, Karima; Susanti VH1, Elfi; Ariani, Sri Retno Dwi; Utomo, Suryadi Budi; Wathon, Muhammad Hizbul; Setyowati, Widiastuti Agustina Eko
Molekul Vol 20 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.jm.2025.20.2.13677

Abstract

ABSTRACT. In the past 5 years, research has reported that chemical sunscreen products pose risks of irritation and environmental impact, necessitating safer natural alternatives, such as eco-friendly sunscreen. This study aimed to formulate a natural sunscreen by combining Aloe vera gel with garlic-shallot peel waste extracts and evaluate their solar protection factor (SPF), physical stability, overall quality, and organoleptic-hedonic test. The Aloe vera and extracts of garlic and shallot peels were prepared using modified infusion and solvent extraction techniques. The sunscreen formulas were created in nine variations with different concentrations of natural ingredient combinations. SPF values were determined in vitro using UV/Vis spectrophotometry, and the physical stabilities were tested using the cycling method. Overall quality tests were performed using the method as described in the standard and requirements for sunscreen products in Indonesia (SNI 16-4399-1996), and the procedure for determining the organoleptic-hedonic test referred to the organoleptic and/or sensory testing instructions (SNI 01-2346-2006). The results showed that all nine formulations met most of the quality standards of sunscreen. However, the panelist preferred formulas without garlic and shallot extracts due to the prominent odor of garlic and shallot. Further studies will be performed by combining them with fragrances that panelists prefer to cover the deficiencies in unpreferred odors. Formulas with garlic and shallot peel extracts have ultra-protection SPF values, though their effectiveness decreased with increased Aloe vera concentrations. These results indicate that garlic and shallot peel waste have the potential as sustainable, environmentally friendly sunscreen ingredients with high UV protection capabilities. Keywords: Aloe vera, garlic peel, shallot peel, SPF, sunscreen
Co-Authors A.J.A.P, Ajeng Resni Amiroh, Yuli Antoro, Yogi Dwi Antuni Wiyarsi Apriana Indi Rigiyanita Ari Syahidul Shidiq Ariyanti, Dewi Ashadi Ashadi, Ashadi Bilhaq, Natiq Cahyaningrum, Mustika Cahyanto, Muhammad Agung Safari Chayati, Nirmala Elfi Susanti Van Hayus Elfi Susanti VH Fadhilah, Nur Fajrin, Hans Fithria Gebran, Benasir Akbar Gusbandono, Toto Handayani, Nindya Pramesthi Haryono, . Haryono, Haryono Hayuni Retno Widarti Hidayah Wati, Suci Tri Istiqo, Iqsan Tiyas Kurniasari, Ayuk Widiyastuti Lailatus, Shofiana Luluk Fajri Majid, Karima Marwanto, Muhammad Danang Mohammad Masykuri Muanas, Grandis Humaira Mulyani, Bakti Mulyani, Sri Munawarah, Sinta Al Muslikhah, Nurul Noviyanti, Berliana Nugrahani, Arumsasi Putri Nurkhasanah, Lina Nurrizqi, Adysti Eren Fattaah Paerah, Paerah Perdana, Dimas Dian Permatasari, Ika Yudita Pramanawati, Refi Indah Pramesti, Anastasia Diaz Pramudya, Alfiah Putri Chandra Putra, Mahardika Yuhana Bayu Putranto, Rizky Akbar Wahyu Putri, Ayu Aryanti Putri, Rischa Oktaviana Christy Rahmadany, Anggita Lintang Rahmadina, Salsabila Adzani Rahmawan, Arifin Aziz Rahmawati, Cici Putri Rakhmadhani, Nuzul Ramadhani, Dimas Gilang Redjeki, Tri Retnani, Fidha Yusti Rohmawati, Addini Rohmiyati, Nazillatur Saputro, Agung Nugroho Catur Saputro, Sulistyo Septyadini, Dita Setyapatra, Meline Setyawan, Levia Pavita Hisa Setyowati, Widiastuti Agustina Eko Setyowati, Widiastuti Agustina Eko Singa Murti, Mirrah Megha Siswanto, Predy Sitaresmi, Kun Sasanti Sri Mulyani Sri Retno Dwi Ariani Sri Sulystya Ningsih N.D.Tiring, Sri Sulystya Ningsih Sri Yamtinah Sucianingtyas, Rani Fathonah Sugiarto, Dwi Hari Sugiharto, . Sukardjo, J. S. Sukardjo, Jakobus Salesius Sukarmin Sulistyo Saputro Sulistyowati, Tri Susanti VH1, Elfi Umami, Muhammad Rizza Wahyuni, Nita Tri Wathon, Muhammad Hizbul Widianingrum, Winda Mega Widyawati, Riana Lilis Wijayanti, Alfina Wijayanto, Herry Wulandari, Dyah