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Journal : Majority Science Journal

Classification as Collective Representation: A Conceptual Review of Durkheim and Mauss's Primitive Classification Hasan, Fayumi; Aziman, Luthfil; Truna, Doddy S.; Rosyad, Rifki
MSJ : Majority Science Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): MSJ - February
Publisher : PT. Hafasy Dwi Nawasena

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61942/msj.v4i1.512

Abstract

This article examines Émile Durkheim and Marcel Mauss's Primitive Classification as a foundational text in the sociology of knowledge that argues classificatory thinking is not merely an individual cognitive given, but a socially formed institution. Using library research and critical-conceptual analysis, the paper reconstructs the book's central thesis that social divisions (moieties, clans, and totemic groupings) provide the prototype and scheme by which natural phenomena are organized into hierarchical systems of categories. The analysis highlights their comparative cases, including Australian totemic systems, Zuñi and Sioux classifications, and Chinese correlative cosmology, to show how cosmological order and social order are made mutually intelligible through classificatory logics. The article then discusses Rodney Needham's editorial introduction, which questions the explanatory "resort to sentiment" and the conflation of collective representations with universal cognitive faculties. The study concludes that the enduring value of Primitive Classification lies in its programmatic claim: sociological analysis can illuminate the genesis and functioning of logical operations, while later critique urges caution against overstating causal claims and psychological reduction.
AGAMA SEBAGAI ALIENASI Analisis Kritis Atas Pemikiran Karl Marx dalam Perspektif Studi Agama Nurmiati, Ai Siti; Hammami, Chaima; Truna, Doddy S.; Rosyad, Rifki
MSJ : Majority Science Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): MSJ - February
Publisher : PT. Hafasy Dwi Nawasena

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61942/msj.v4i1.510

Abstract

This article discusses the concept of religion as a form of alienation in Karl Marx’s thought and its relevance to contemporary religious studies. For Marx, religion is not merely a spiritual system but a social phenomenon reflecting economic and political conditions. Religion functions as the “opium of the people,” an ideological instrument that pacifies human suffering under social injustice. This study examines Marx’s theory of alienation and compares it with the ideas of Ludwig Feuerbach, Émile Durkheim, and Max Weber. The analysis shows that although Marx’s theory appears reductionist for viewing religion only through material conditions, it remains vital in understanding the relationship between faith, ideology, and social structures in religious studies.
The Reality of the Sacred in Mircea Eliade’s Phenomenology of Religion Sully, Elmi Hamidah; Arifuddin, Nawawi Bahar; Truna, Dody S.; Rosyad, Rifki
MSJ : Majority Science Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): MSJ - February
Publisher : PT. Hafasy Dwi Nawasena

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61942/msj.v4i1.520

Abstract

Mircea Eliade was a Romanian historian of religion and philosopher from Bucharest. He became influential in religious studies during the 20th century, focusing on the importance of myths and symbols in human experience. Notable works include "The Sacred and the Profane" and "Patterns in Comparative Religion," where he explored personal spiritual experiences and the distinction between the sacred and the profane. Eliade introduced concepts such as hierophanies, which refer to the manifestation of the sacred in everyday life. His scholarship laid the groundwork for comparative religion studies and enriched contemporary discussions on religious theories. His work laid the foundation for comparative religion studies and provided critical insights that inform contemporary discussions of the theories of religion. Scholars have drawn on his concepts to explore themes such as ritual, symbolism, and the human quest for meaning, thereby shaping various theories in the field. Eliade's legacy continues to inform how we study and interpret religions today. This research aimed to explore Eliade’s perspective on the interpretation of sacred knowledge in religion and beyond. Mircea Eliade’s "The Reality of the Sacred" is significant for several reasons, including the distinction between the sacred and the profane, the importance of myth and symbols, and the concept of Hierophanies. Overall, "The Reality of the Sacred" is celebrated for its innovative ideas and profound implications for understanding the nature of religious experience, positioning Eliade as one of the most influential figures in the study of religion. While his legacy continues to shape contemporary discussions in the field, it is essential to acknowledge certain aspects that might be lacking. Additionally, some criticisms of his writing merit further exploration.