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Kuswandi
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Nursing Social Sciences Other

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Implementation of Compulsory Defence In The Indonesian Criminal Justice System: A Normative Analysis and Study of Court Decisions Kayla Andini Putri; Kuswandi
Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/ijlj.v3i2.5273

Abstract

Necessary defence is a criminal defence that plays an important role in Indonesian criminal law, especially amid increasing public vulnerability to the threat of crime. Although it is regulated in Article 49 of the Criminal Code and reinforced by Article 34 of Law Number 1 of 2023, its application in practice still faces various problems. The main problem lies in law enforcement officials' assessment of the elements of forced defence, such as proportionality, immediacy, inability to avoid, and the psychological condition of the perpetrator, which often leads to the criminalisation of defensive actions that should be lawful. This study uses a normative juridical approach with case studies of Donggala District Court Decision Number 32/Pid.B/2021, Sinjai District Court Decision Number 101/Pid.B/2024, and the Amaq Sinta case to examine the consistency of the application of forced defence in judicial practice. The results of the study show that the application of noodweer is highly dependent on the objectivity of investigators and the thoroughness of judges in understanding the factual context and the dynamics of the threat faced by the perpetrator. Differences in understanding among officials often create a gap between legal norms and law enforcement practices. Therefore, standardised interpretation, clear technical guidelines, and capacity building for officials are needed so that self-defence can realise substantive justice and effective protection of the right to life and safety of individuals.
Co-Authors Aji Mulyana Apriyanto Nugroho Aswat, Amarilla Daryati Didit Ardianto Hamizar, Hamizar Handayani, Meyga Fitri Hayati, PK Dewi Iga Intani Descatherine Muslimah Jiadi, Eka Jenny Maharani Putri Karjunita, Nike Kayla Andini Putri Lananda, Ardelia Lela Kurniawati M. Zainal Arifin Manjasari, Putri Vitaliya Muhammad Yasin Muhammad Yasin Nafiqoh, Anin Nasril Nawang Furyshade Ningsih, Kristina Diana Nirmala, Della Sevia Oktaviani, Mita Aulia Permana, Ajeng Rahayu, Anisa Rifda Fitrianty Samsul Bahri Saptaning Ruju Paminto Shifa, Agisni Sinurat, Serepita SRI RAHAYU Subiantoro, Bambang Sudirman Sulhatun Suryati Sutoyo Taufik Sholeh TEDDY SETIADY Tirta Danu, Sebastian Warnita Yolanda Dewita Sari Zukhrizal Irbani