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All Journal Asy-Syariah TERAJU : Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum Al-Majaalis : Jurnal Dirasat Islamiyah Jumat Ekonomi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Studi Islam Lintas Negara (Journal of Cross-Border Islamic Studies) ASA Asasi: Journal of Islamic Family Law Indo-MathEdu Intellectuals Journal Mabahits Jurnal Islam Nusantara Journal of Economic & Business Law Review PMSDU Tabsyir: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Sosial Humaniora Journal of Innovative and Creativity Ardhi: Jurnal Pengabdian dalam Negri Journal of International Multidisciplinary Research USRATY : Journal of Islamic Family Law Jurnal Inovasi Pengabdian Masyarakat Proceeding of International Conference on Humanity Education and Society Abdi Karya: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ALMURTADO: Journal of Social Innovation and Community Service TA’AWUN: Jurnal Pengabdian International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach HOKI : Journal of Islamic Family Law AQaduna: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Dinamika: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Dedikasi Sosial : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Al-hikmah : International Journal of Islamic Studies AL-ASHLAH Syariah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Al-Insan: Islamic and Humanities Perspectives Journal Al Itmamiy: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah ALKHIDMAH: Jurnal Pengabdian dan Kemitraan Masyarakat ASA
Saini
Institut KH Yazid Karimullah, Jember, Indonesia
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Journal : mabahits

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Pernikahan Anak dalam Hak Ijbar: Telaah Komparatif Fikih Syafi’i Dan Hukum Nasional Ari Saputro, Almalik Ramadani; ,, Saini; Kalamiah, Moh. Jeweherul
Mabahits : Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Vol 6 No 02 (2025): NOVEMBER
Publisher : UAS PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62097/mabahits.v6i02.2544

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study examines the legitimacy of child marriage within the framework of ijbar rights according to the Syafi’i school and Indonesian national law. The research seeks to identify a point of harmony between classical Islamic jurisprudence, which grants authority to the wali mujbir, and modern legal principles emphasizing child protection and mutual consent in marriage. Using a normative legal research method with conceptual, statutory, and comparative approaches, the findings reveal that the Syafi’i school permits ijbar under strict conditions such as the absence of hostility between guardian and child, equality between spouses, and a fair dowry. However, such practice is deemed makruh or invalid when it causes harm to the child. In contrast, Indonesia’s positive law does not recognize ijbar, as the validity of marriage requires the consent of both parties under Article 6(1) of Law No. 16 of 2019. The establishment of a minimum marriage age of 19 reflects the alignment between national law and maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah principles, particularly the protection of life and lineage. The study recommends that marriage dispensations be granted only after thorough psychological and social assessments, along with enhanced public legal awareness regarding the risks Keywords: child marriage, ijbar right, Syafi’i school, national law. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah keabsahan praktik pernikahan anak dalam bingkai hak ijbar menurut pandangan Mazhab Syafi’i dan ketentuan hukum nasional Indonesia. Fokus kajian diarahkan untuk menemukan titik temu antara ajaran fikih klasik yang memberikan otoritas kepada wali mujbir dan regulasi modern yang menekankan perlindungan hak anak serta prinsip persetujuan dalam perkawinan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual, perundang-undangan, dan komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Mazhab Syafi’i memperbolehkan pelaksanaan ijbar oleh wali dengan sejumlah syarat ketat, antara lain tidak adanya permusuhan antara wali dan anak, kesepadanan calon pasangan, serta pemberian mahar yang sesuai. Namun, praktik tersebut dapat menjadi makruh bahkan tidak sah apabila menimbulkan kemudaratan bagi anak. Sementara itu, hukum positif Indonesia tidak mengenal hak ijbar, sebab sahnya perkawinan mensyaratkan persetujuan kedua calon mempelai sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 6 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019. Penetapan usia minimal 19 tahun bagi calon suami dan istri mencerminkan sinkronisasi antara hukum nasional dan prinsip maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, khususnya perlindungan jiwa dan keturunan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar pemberian dispensasi nikah dilakukan secara selektif melalui asesmen psikologis dan sosial yang mendalam serta peningkatan literasi hukum masyarakat terhadap dampak pernikahan anak. Kata kunci: pernikahan anak, hak ijbar, Mazhab Syafi’i, hukum nasional.
Co-Authors Achmad Hasan Achmad Hasan Ahmad Dani Maula Mustofa Ahmad Dani Maula Mustofa Ahmad Danial Sahwan Alfina Wildatul Fitriyah Ali Zainal Abidin Ari Saputro, Almalik Ramadani Awaliya Safithri Awaliya Safithri Safithri Bachrul Ulum Dela Jannatul Imania Devi Undhatuz Zulfa Devi Undhatuz Zulfa Diah Muharrifah Dizki Meinanda Dizki Meinanda Dwi Rafelika Angger Adinata Elok Ayu Nandari Elok Rizkiyah Endang Susilawati Faesiyatul Lailiyah Faizatur Robiatil Adawiyah Fajar Ainul Yaqin Fatmawati Fatmawati Fatmawati Fatmawati Fawaid Fawaid Fifi Alaida Nurul Alawiyah Hafideh Halili Halili Hasbi Ash Shiddiqi Hasbi Ash Shiddiqi Hasyim, Yanto Ifadatul Hosniah Ikmalul Khoir Ilyatul Afifah Imam Bonjol Juhari Imania, Dela Jannatul Istiqomah Nuril Safitrih Laila Kamali Lailatus Sa’diah M. Akmal Marzuqin M. Fiqi Zulqornain M. Syafiqil Umam M. Syafiqil Umam Maulidiah Maulidya Hasanah Moh. Jeweherul Kalamiah Moh. Jeweherul Kalamiah Moh. Jeweherul Kalamiah Moh. Jeweherul Kalamiah Mohammad Ali Imron Muh Hamdani Muhammad Alfa Hasim Muhammad Ali Zainur Ridho Muhammad David Maulana Muhammad David Maulana Muhammad Hasan Nofal Islami Muhammad Hasan Nofal Islami Muhammad Ifan Firdaus Muhammad Ifan Firdaus Muhammad Naufal Febriansyah Muhammad Nurhakikoh Nurir Asro Muhammad Nurhakikoh Nurir Asro Muhammad Royan Zian Muhammad Royan Zian Muhammad, Izlawanie Mutia Tsamratus Sabrina Mutia Tsamratus Sabrina Nur Aini Putri Anisah Putri Elitya Putri Melinda Qoidul Khoir Qoidul Khoir Qoidul Khoir Qoidul Khoir Qoidul Khoir R.A. Harum Sukmo Ningratna( R.A. Harum Sukmo Ningratna( Ridan Muhtadi Riksen Riksen Riski , Mohammad Rizkiana Amalia Rizkiana Amalia Rofidatus Saniah Rosidah Rosidah Rosihan, Rosihan gustiawan afandi Safiroh Adania Selfin Nabila Silfin Aisyah Silviah Taubatan Nasuha Siska Nur Azizah Siti Andini Siti Maufiroh Sofiatus Sobriyah Sofiatus Sobriyah Sofiatus Sobriyah Suparman suparman suparman Suwardi Suwardi Suwardi Tasya Aulia Arsul Masfufah Wildan Miftahussurur Wildan Miftahussurur Wildan Miftahussurur Wildan Miftahussurur yanto hasyim Yuni Lutfian Sari Yussuli Yussuli Zaenol Hasan Zainal Abidin , Ali