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All Journal Proceedings of KNASTIK Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains Dan Teknologi Fakultas Teknik Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer Telematika JUITA : Jurnal Informatika Jurnal Ilmiah Dinamika Rekayasa (DINAREK) Jurnal Eksplora Informatika Jurdimas (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Royal EDUMATIC: Jurnal Pendidikan Informatika Jurnal Abdi Insani Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) Journal of Applied Data Sciences Jurnal Pendidikan dan Teknologi Indonesia Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia JUSTIN (Jurnal Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) Pamasa: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Journal of Electronics Technology Exploration (JOeTEx) Mengabdi: Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Bersama Masyarakat Journal of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering
Lasmedi Afuan
Informatika, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Journal : Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

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Comparative performance analysis of LSTM, GRU, and bidirectional neural networks for political ideology classification Afuan, Lasmedi; Hidayat, Nurul; Permadi, Ipung; Iqbal, Iqbal; Suprihanto, Didit; Bintang Pradana Yosua, Panky; Alfarez Marchelian, Reyno
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 14, No 5: October 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v14i5.9980

Abstract

Political ideology classification is crucial for understanding social polarization, monitoring democratic processes, and identifying bias on online platforms. This study compares the performance of long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrent unit (GRU), and bidirectional GRU (Bi-GRU) neural network models in classifying liberal and conservative political ideologies from social media text data. The Bi-GRU achieved the best results with 88.75% accuracy and 89.16% F1-score, highlighting its strength in contextual analysis. These findings suggest their applicability in areas such as election monitoring and the analysis of political discourse. This study contributes to the field of political text classification by offering a comparative analysis of deep learning architectures. The dataset utilized covers a wide range of issues, including social, political, economic, religious, and racial topics, demonstrating its comprehensive nature. Visualizations using WordCloud and uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) reveal distinct ideological patterns, validating the dataset’s quality for training models. The findings underscore the importance of utilizing advanced bidirectional architectures for nuanced tasks, such as ideology classification, where contextual understanding is crucial. These insights open avenues for future research, such as the application of Bi-GRU in analyzing multilingual political ideologies or real-time sentiment tracking during election campaigns.
Co-Authors Abidin, Dodo Zaenal Adi Pangestu Adyatma, Adrian Dwinanda Afrizal Nehemia Toscany Ahmad Ashari Ahmad Fauzi Ridlwan Aji, Pandu Wahyu Alfarez Marchelian, Reyno Alkaf, Zakiyyan Andreas, Roy Anin Ammbya Soulani Arief Kelik Arief Kelik Nugroho Arief Kelik Nugroho Arief Kelik Nugroho Arief Kelik Nugroho Arkan, Naofal Dhia As'ad, Mohamad Faris Asmoro Widagdo, Asmoro Bangun Wijayanto Bintang Pradana Yosua, Panky Dadang Iskandar Dadang Iskandar Daffa Ammar Muaafii Daffa Naufaldi Al Rasyid Didit Suprihanto, Didit Dodi Sandra Eddy Maryanto Eddy Maryanto Fandy Setyo Utomo Faris Akbar Abimanyu Febri Sutomo Ferry Darmawan Hidayat, Nurul Indah Cahya Febriani Indyastuti, Devani Laksmi Ipung Permadi Ipung Permadi Ipung Permadi Ipung Permadi Iqbal Iqbal Irfan Agus Tiawan Jasmir, Jasmir Joe, Michael Khanza, Muthia Kharisun, Kharisun Kurniawan, Yogiek Indra Maria Ulfa Chasanah Muhammad Fikri Rivaldi Muhammad Luthfi Muhammad Randy Cahya Mardika Muhammad Zein Albalki Muhammad, Katon Mulki Indana Zulfa, Mulki Indana Musaadah, Khalimah Najmudin Nandha Arwiansyah Nasichatul Umayah Niko Siameva Uletika Nofiyati Nofiyati, Nofiyati Nofiyati, Nofiyati Nur Chasanah Nurhadi Nurul Hidayat Nurul Hidayat Nurul Ismailiah Priandika Ratmadani Anugrah Purnama, Benni R. Rizal Isnanto Rahayu, Swahesti Puspita Rif’an, Muhammad Rista Afifah Rochmat Mulyo Sugihono Said, Rahaini Mohd Sari, Enjelita Sharipuddin, Sharipuddin Siti Nurhayati SRI LESTARI Susi Setianingsih Teguh Cahyono Tuti Alawiyah Victoria Angela Sugianto Wahid, Arif Mu'amar Yohanes Suyanto Yunindar, Galih Arditiya Zahira Hasyati, Adila