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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Teknotan: Jurnal Industri Teknologi Pertanian BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar KOMUNITAS JURNAL PENGEMBANGAN MASYARAKAT ISLAM Jurnal Intelektualita: Keislaman, Sosial, dan Sains Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Pertanian dan Biosistem Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) JURNAL PANGAN Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Andalas Jurnal Mutu Pangan : Indonesian Journal of Food Quality Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE) Abdi Masyarakat Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri) Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian SABURAI INTERNASIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL, SCIENCES, AND DEVELOPMENT (Saburai-IJSSD) Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology Palakka : Media and Islamic Coummunication Journal of Training and Community Service Adpertisi Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara BIODIVERS - BIOTROP Scientific Magazine Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Journal of Primary Education
Usman Ahmad
Departemen Teknik Mesin Dan Biosistem, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680
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ANALISIS MUTU BERAS DAN PENERAPAN SISTEM JAMINAN MUTU DALAM KEGIATANPENGEMBANGAN USAHA PANGAN MASYARAKAT nFN Sarastuti; Usman Ahmad; nFN Sutrisno
Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian Vol 15, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpasca.v15n2.2018.63-72

Abstract

Regulasi mengenai komoditas beras yang ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah, yaitu Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan No:57/M-DAG/ PER/8/2017 tentang penetapan harga eceran tertinggi (HET) beras dan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No.:31/Permentan/PP.130/8/2017 tentang standar mutu beras menjadi dasar pelaksanaaan kegiatan identifikasi mutu beras terhadap beras produksi gabungan kelompok tani (Gapoktan) dan kelompok tani (Poktan) selaku Lembaga Usaha Pangan Masyarakat (LUPM) dalam kegiatan Pengembangan Usaha Pangan Masyarakat (PUPM). Kegiatan PUPM tersebut diselenggarakan pemerintah untuk stabilisasi harga dan pasokan beras melalui peran serta Toko Tani Indonesia Center (TTIC) sebagai lembaga distribusi beras kepada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kelas mutu beras yang dihasilkan LUPM dan mengevaluasi penanganan pascapanen padi di tingkat LUPM. Survey dilakukan terhadap enam responden dari populasi 80 LUPM pemasok beras ke TTIC. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi di lapangan, dan pengambilan contoh gabah dan beras berdasarkan metode SNI 19-0428-1998. Analisis mutu berdasarkan metode SNI 01-0224-1987 untuk gabah dan SNI 6128:2015 untuk beras giling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari enam beras yang diproduksi responden, tidak ada yang memenuhi persyaratan kelas mutu sesuai Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No.:31/Permentan/ PP.130/8/2017 karena kadar air yang tinggi, jumlah butir patah dan butir menir yang lebih tinggi, serta persentase beras kepala dan derajat sosoh yang lebih rendah dari persyaratan. Faktor-faktor kritis yang berpengaruh terhadap rendahnya mutu beras LUPM adalah penggunaan varietas padi jenis panjang dan ramping, metode perontokan cara gebot, kadar air gabah kering giling terlalu rendah (11.5-13.0%), ruang penyimpanan gabah lembab (RH udara 79-87%), penyimpanan gabah tanpa menggunakan alas, pengendalian mutu pengeringan dan penggilingan secara subyektif, dan teknologi mesin penggilingan padi yang masih sederhana.  Analysis of rice quality and assurance system implementations in Society of Agrifood Bussiness Development ProgramRegulations on rice applied by the government, namely the Regulation of Minister of Trade No:57/M-DAG/PER/8/2017 about the highest selling price for milled rice, and the Regulation of Minister of Agriculture No:31/Permentan/PP.130/8/2017 about milled rice quality standard, has becoming legal aspects to identification of milled rice quality parameters to the rice produced by farmers group as a Society of Agrifood Bussiness Institution (LUPM) in a Society of Agrifood Bussiness Development (PUPM) program. This program held by the government for stabilization of price and supply of milled rice supported by Center of Indonesian Farmer Store (TTIC) as a distribution institution of milled rice to consumers. Te objectives of this study are to identify the quality of milled rice produced by LUPM and to evaluate the paddy postharvest handling in the LUPM. Survey was conducted on six respondents from total of 80 LUPMs rice supplier population. Data collecting was conducted through interviews, field observations, and sampling of rice and milled rice based on SNI 19-0428-1998 for solid sampling instructions. Laboratory quality analysis was conducted based on the method in SNI 01-0224-1987 for rice and SNI 6128:2015 for milled rice.It was oberved that the six milled rice samples produced by the respondents were not qualified to the quality standard in the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture No.:31/Permentan/PP.130/8/2017 because of higher moisture content, higher broken rice and small broken rice, and lower head rice, and lower milling degree compared to the requirements. Critical factors influenced to the milled rice quality were the used of long grain paddy variety, manual threshing, too low moisture content of rice (11.5-13.0% MC), high relative humidity of rice storage facility (air RH 79-87%), lack of pallets in rice bags storage system, subjectivity of operators to control the rice quality during drying and milling process, and the use of milling machines with old technology.
OZON UNTUK MENGATASI CEMARAN ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS DAN AFLATOKSIN PADA BIJI-BIJIAN: PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN IMPLEMENTASI / Ozone to Overcome Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin in Grains: Opportunities and Challenges of Implementation Nikmatul Hidayah; Christina Winarti; Usman Ahmad
Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Vol 40, No 2 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jp3.v40n2.2021.p149-158

Abstract

Ozone can be used as an alternative to control mold and aflatoxins in grains that is more eco-friendly because it does not leave residues that are harmful for humans, animals and environment. The use of ozone was quite effective in reducing mold and aflatoxin in grains such as barley, whole wheat, corn and rice. In Indonesia, ozone was limited used for sterilization of fruit and vegetable. Therefore, the comprehensive review on the potential of ozone in grains is needed, especially on the priority commodities of agricultural development in Indonesia, such as rice and corn. The objective of this review was to examine the opportunities of ozone to reduce Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin in grains, so that it can improve its quality and shelf life. Many studies showed that the use of ozone reduced Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin in grains by 50-90%.Keywords: Grains, Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin, ozone AbstrakOzon dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif pengendalian cendawan dan aflatoksin pada biji-bijian yang lebih ramah lingkungan karena tidak meninggalkan residu yang berbahaya bagi manusia, hewan, maupun lingkungan. Penggunaan ozon cukup efektif mengurangi kontaminasi cendawan dan aflatoksin pada bijibijian seperti barley, biji gandum, jagung, dan beras. Di Indonesia, ozon digunakan secara terbatas untuk proses pencucian beberapa jenis buah dan sayuran. Oleh karena itu diperlukan telaah lebih lanjut mengenai potensi penggunaan ozon pada biji-bijian terutama komoditas strategis yang menjadi prioritas dalam pembangunan pertanian di Indonesia seperti padi dan jagung. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk menelaah peluang penggunaan ozon dalam mengurangi kontaminasi Aspergillus flavus dan cemaran aflatoksin pada produk biji-bijian, sehingga diharapkan dapat memperbaiki kualitas dan meningkatkan umur simpan produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan ozon dapat menurunkan cemaran A. flavus dan aflatoksin pada biji-bijian sampai 50-90%.Kata kunci: Biji-bijian, Aspergillus flavus, aflatoksin, ozon
PENGGUNAAN FILM PLASTIK UNTUK KEMASAN KELAPA KOPYOR MUHAMMAD YUSUF ANTU; ROKHANI HASBULLAH; USMAN AHMAD
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 2 (2015): Juni 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v21n2.2015.99-107

Abstract

ABSTRAKKelapa kopyor memiliki kandungan gizi yang penting, seperti karbohidrat, protein, lemak, dan asam lemak. Selama penyimpanan kelapa kopyor mudah mengalami kerusakan karena proses oksidasi dan hidrolisis lemak. Hal ini menyebabkan kelapa kopyor mengalami ketengikan dan perubahan warna dari putih menjadi kuning kecoklatan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, dilakukan pengemasan dengan film plastik dan menyimpannya pada suhu dingin.  Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk Memberikan informasi mengenai keefektifan film plastik untuk penyimpanan  daging kelapa kopyor. Bahan  penelitian adalah kelapa kopyor dari Kalianda (Lampung Selatan). Kelapa kopyor dikemas film plastik jenis Polyamide (PA),  Polypropylene (PP), dan High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).  Arameter mutu yang dianalisis adalah Thiobarbituric acid  (TBA),  asam lemak  bebas  (ALB),  total  padatan terlarut (TPT), pH, total mikrob,  kadar lemak, serta uji organoleptik warna,  aroma,  dan  rasa.  Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah film plastik dengan tiga taraf (PA, PP, HDPE), dan faktor kedua adalah suhu dengan dua taraf (5 ± 2 dan 10 ± 2 oC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis film plastik PA pada penyimpanan suhu 5 ± 2 oC merupakan kemasan yang efektif dalam mempertahankan mutu kelapa kopyor hingga enam hari, yang dibuktikan dengan rendahnya total mikrob, TBA, dan ALB. Selain itu, panelis masih menyukai kelapa kopyor dari warna, aroma dan rasa.Kata kunci: kelapa kopyor, plastik film, mutu, suhu, waktu penyimpanan The Usage of Plastic Film for Kopyor Coconut Packaging ABSTRACTKopyor coconut contains important  nutrients, such as carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fatty acids. During storage kopyor coconut is  easily  suffered  damage,  because  of  oxidizing  and  fat  hydrolysis processes. The processes cause  kopyor coconut suffered rancidity and color change from white to brownish-yellow. Packaging  kopyor coconut with plastic film and keep it in a cool temperature could overcome this problem. The aim of the research  was to provide  information   the effectiveness  of  plastic  films  for  kopyor  coconut  storage.  Research material was kopyor coconut obtained from Kalianda (South Lampung). Kopyor   coconut   packaged   in   plastic   film   type   Polyamide (PA), Polypropylene (PP), and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).  The quality parameters observed were Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), free fatty acids (FFA), pH, total soluble solid (TSS), pH, total microbes, fat content, and sensory characteristics including color, flavor, and taste. This research used Randomized Complete Design with two factors. The first factor was the packaging material with three different types (PA, PP, HDPE), and the second factor was the storage temperature at two levels of 5 ± 2 and 10 ± 2 oC. The results showed that the type of plastic film packaging PA at storage temperature 5 ± 2 oC is effective in maintaining the quality of kopyor coconut up to six days, as evidenced bythe low total microbe, TBA, and ALB. In addition, panelists still like kopyor coconut of color aroma and taste.
POLA PENINGKATAN KEKERASAN KULIT BUAH MANGGIS SELAMA PENYIMPANAN DINGIN Usman Ahmad; Sut risno; I Wayan Budiastra; Aris Purwanto; Dwi Dian Novita
Teknotan: Jurnal Industri Teknologi Pertanian Vol 6, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknologi Industri Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Pengerasan kulit merupakan indikator kerusakan pada penyimpanan buah manggis yang berkaitan dengan kandungan air pada kulit buah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model kalibrasi NIR untuk memprediksi kadar air kulit buah manggis selama penyimpanan dan menentukan pola peningkatan kekerasan kulit buah manggis berdasarkan perubahan kadar air selama penyimpanan menggunakan reflektan NIR. Metode eksperimental deskriptif digunakan dalami 2 tahapan pengamatan. Pada tahap pertama 88 buah manggis masing-masing disimpan pada temperatur pada 8 ºC dan 13 ºC selama 40 hari, dan 128 lagi disimpan pada suhu ruang 27 ºC selama 22 hari. Pengukuran reflektan, kadar air, dan kekerasan kulit buah dilakukan pada hari ke-0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 28, 32, 36, dan 40 pada penyimpanan suhu 8 ºC dan 13 ºC, dan pada hari ke-0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, dan 22 penyimpanan pada suhu ruang 27 ºC. Pada tahap kedua 10 buah manggis masing-masing disimpan pada 8 ºC, 13 ºC selama 28 hari, dan pada suhu ruang selama 16 hari sebagai sampel monitoring. Reflektan diukur pada hari ke-0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 dan 28 pada penyimpanan dingin dan pada hari ke-0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, dan 16 pada suhu ruang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama penyimpanan optimum buah manggis pada 13 ºC dan 8 ºC adalah selama 28 hari dan pada suhu ruang selama 16 hari. Kadar air kulit buah menurun selama penyimpanan sedangkan kekerasan kulit buah menurun di awal dan meningkat di akhir penyimpanan pada ketiga suhu penyimpanan. Pola peningkatan kekerasan kulit buah manggis berdasarkan perubahan kadar air kulit buah ditentukan menggunakan reflektan kulit buah manggis berdasarkan perubahan kadar air kulit buah ditentukan menggunakan reflektan NIR dengan persamaan y=0,0045x2–0,126x+3,64 (R2=87,4 %) untuk penyimpanan pada suhu 13ºC dan persamaan y=0,0138x2–0,218x+2,69 (R2=70,1 %) pada suhu ruang. Kata kunci: buah manggis, pengerasan kulit, kadar air, NIR spectroscopy
Pengaruh Lama Perendaman Buah dan Fermentasi terhadap Warna Kulit Tanduk dan Citarasa Kopi Robusta Khalimatus Sa'diyah; Usman Ahmad; Sukrisno Widyotomo; Yusianto Yusianto
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 6, No 1 (2019): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v6n1.2019.p33-40

Abstract

Pulping and fermentation of coffee cherry determine the quality of green beans and coffee flavors. Delay in pulping will cause the slime stick to the hull skin hence decreasing the bean quality and flavor. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of soaking before pulping and fermentation time to the color of coffee hull skin and the cup quality. The research was carried out at the experimental station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute in Malang Regency (ICCRI) and ICCRI laboratory in Jember Regency from July 2018 to January 2019. Experiments used factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was cherry soaking duration (0, 24, 48, and 72 hours) and the second factor was fermentation duration (0, 24, and 48 hours) and then combined into 12 treatments, with three replications. Ten kilograms of coffee cherries were soaked prior to pulping then fermented in a plastic bag and added with Lactobacillus casei 2,5 x 107 cfu/ml as starter.  Parameters observed were color of hull skin (L value, a*, dan b*) and the cup quality.  The results showed that soaking the cherry decreased the green beans quality which is indicated by less brightness (L), high a* value, and decreasing b* value of hull skin color. While the fermentation treatment can increase the value of L, decrease the a* value, and increase the b* value. The interaction of treatment of soaking and fermentation time significantly affected the lightnessl a* and b* value. Soaking and fermentation treatments did not significantly affect to the flavor, salt/acid, balance, and total score of coffee flavor. Soaking is not recommended for more than 48 hours and fermentation should be carried out 48 hours.
Pengaruh Metode Pengolahan dan Suhu Penyangraian terhadap Karakter Fisiko-Kimia Kopi Robusta Nanda Supriana; Usman Ahmad; Samsudin Samsudin; Eko Heri Purwanto
Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar Vol 7, No 2 (2020): Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jtidp.v7n2.2020.p61-72

Abstract

The processing of coffee can be classified into 3 types namely: dry, semi-wet and wet processing. And then, roasting is the process of forming the taste and aroma of coffee. The study was conducted at Pakuwon Experimental Station, Coffee and Cacao Processing Units, and Integrated Laboratory of Balittri, and TTPHP Laboratory of IPB Bogor, from July until October 2019. The study aimed to investigate (1) the effect of processing methods on physical quality characters of green beans, and (2) the effect of processing methods and roasting temperatures on chemical characters of coffee roasted and organoleptic characters of coffee brewed. The completely randomized design in factorial 2 factors and 3 replications was used in this study. The first factor were 3 type of processing methods (dry, semi-wet, and wet), and the second factor were 2 level of roasting temperatures (180oC and 210oC). The variables observed in the green beans were physical quality characters, while in roasted coffee were water content, caffeine content, and antioxidant activity, and in brewed coffee were organoleptic characters. Result showed that the best green beans was produced from a wet processing method with a minimum total defect value of 21.33 (quality 2). Roasting temperature has a very significant effect (p<0.01) on water content and antioxidant activity, while caffeine content is not significantly affected. Based on the results of cupping test, the best brewed coffee (final score >80.00) was obtained from the treatments of a dry, semi-wet and wet processing method with a roasting temperature of 210°C.
Antagonistic Effect of Yeast, Acetic Acid Bacteria and Mangosteen Rind Extract on Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus in Unfermented Cocoa Beans Nijma Nurfadila; Sutrisno -; Usman Ahmad; Samsudin -
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 28 No. 3 (2021): BIOTROPIA Vol. 28 No. 3 December 2021
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1362

Abstract

Yeasts and bacteria are two of common biocontrol agents to control mycotoxigenic fungi, meanwhile the mangosteen rind exract has xanthone and gartanin compounds for antioxidant, antiproliferation, antiinflammation, antimicrobial, and anticancer. The objectives of this research are to test the effects of yeasts, acetic acid bacteria (AAB), and mangosteen rind extract on the aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin production in unfermented cocoa beans. Four yeast isolates, i.e. Issatchenkia orientalis (Io) BIO 211291, 286 and 288, and Endomyces fibuliger (Ef) BIO 132219; one bacteria isolate of Acetobacter aceti (Aa) FNCC0016; and mangosteen rind extract (MRE) were tested for their capabilities in inhibiting an aflatoxigenic A. flavus (Af) BIO 3361/747 growth using the well method (in vitro). Two yeast (Io BIO 211291 and 288) were combined with Aa and MRE in cocoa beans (in vivo). Aflatoxin production was analyzed using Thin Layer Chromathography (TLC). The result showed that interaction of Io BIO 211291 and 288, and Ef BIO 132219 on aflatoxigenic Af were interaction with inhibition zone ≥ 2 mm (type D), while the interaction type of Io BIO 211286 on Af were mutual intermingling growth, where both fungi grew into each other without any macroscopic sign of interaction (type A). The best treatment in agar media (in vitro) was Io BIO 211288 + Aa on Potato Dextrose Agar + 12 g/l MRE. The highest Io population was 5.88 log cfu/g on cocoa beans inoculated by Io BIO 211291 + MRE in 1 day after inoculation, while the highest A. aceti population was 4.74 log cfu/g on cocoa beans with Io BIO 211291 + BIO 211288 + Aa  in 3 days after inoculation. Two best treatments were Io BIO 211288 + Aa + MRE and Io BIO 211291 + BIO 211288 + Aa + MRE, because there were no A. flavus population since 3 until 11 days after inoculation. Aflatoxin in all samples treatment was lower than limit detection B1 (< 2.20 ppb),  B2 (< 3.50 ppb), (G1 < 0.54 ppb), dan (G2 < 1.00 ppb).  
Image Processing for Quality Inspection of Mango Fruit Usman Ahmad
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 16 No. 1 (2002): Buletin Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.016.1.%p

Abstract

Indonesia has many kinds of tropical fruits, including mango, that can be exported besides to suplly the demand on the fruits in the country. To ensure the quality of mango, it is important to do sortation and grading on them, especially those for export, based on the quality requirement. In this case, the use of high technology such as image processing in necesary to put into practise with the aim to increase the consistance of sortation and grading processes as compare to the result of manual work.
Development of Image Processing Algoritm for Determining the Maturity of Fresh Mangosteen Diding Suhandy; Usman Ahmad
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 17 No. 2 (2003): Buletin Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.017.2.%p

Abstract

One of important factor in post harvest handling is cropping at correct maturity level. Fruit maturity relates to age pluck vegetable or fruit to be harvested have old enough or not yet. Grading represent dissociation of product becomes some group quality of pursuant to maturity level, size measure, color, form, heavy, texture, aroma and freedom from foreign object or dirt.The objective of this research is to predict the maturity of fresh mangosteen by means of an image processing algorithm. In this study, four stages maturity (120, 126, 132 and 138 days after flowering) were used as objects with 33,37,40,40 samples for each stages of maturity. The image processing program to analyze the relationship between the maturity and the color, size, and shape of fruits.
Deteksi Ujung Biji Ginko Menggunakan Pengolahan Citra Berbasis Analisis Morfologi Usman Ahmad
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 27 No. 1 (2013): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.027.1.%p

Abstract

Abstrak Biji ginkgo harus dibuka untuk diambil dan dimanfaatkan isinya yang lunak. Untuk membuka pelindung daging biji yang keras, orientasi biji harus diketahui, karena biji lebih mudah terbuka pada ujungnya, sedangkan bagian pangkalnya cenderung tetap menyatu. Bila orientasi tidak tepat, maka akan dibutuhkan gaya tekan yang jauh lebih besar untuk membukanya, sehingga seringkali daging biji ikut rusak terkena gaya tekan yang berlebihan. Program pengolahan citra dibuat dan digunakan untuk melakukan deteksi bagian ujung dari biji ginkgo. Hasil deteksi bagian ujung biji menggunakan algoritma berdasarkan analisis morfologi masing-masing 100% untuk Kinbei, 85% untuk Kyujyu, dan 65% untuk Tokuro. Operasi morfologi dilakukan untuk memperbaiki bentuk biji pada citra biner sehingga kemampuan deteksi ujung biji dapat ditingkatkan. Hasil deteksi bagian ujung biji setelah operasi perbaikan bentuk dilakukan masing-masing meningkat menjadi 100% untuk Kyujyu dan 85% untuk Tokuro, sedangkan Kinbei tidak terpengaruh, tetap 100%. Kata Kunci: biji ginkgo, deteksi ujung biji, pengolahan citra, morfologi analisis Abstract Ginkgo nut has to be cracked to obtain its soft and usefull meat for utilization. To crack the hard shell, nut orientation is important to know because the nut is easier to crack at front side or tip or tip part, while the back side is usially remain uncracked. Wrong orientation will need more power to crack the nut and damage to soft meat might be occur due to exessive power. Image processing program was developed and used to detect tip part of the nut. The results of tip detection based on morphological analysis algorithm are 100% for Kinbei, 85% for Kyujyu, and 65% for Tokuro. To improve detection performance, Mhorpological Operation Were are 100% for Kyujyu and 85% for Tokuro, While for Tokuro is remain unffected, 100% detected. Keyword: gingko nut, tip detection, image processing, morphology analysis Diterima: 24 Desember 2012; Disetujui: 25 Maret 2013  
Co-Authors . Asmirah . Sabihah . Yulianingsih Abdul Kadir Abdul Malik Iskandar Adi Sutrisno Ahiruddin Ahiruddin Ali Djamhuri Ardiansyah, Nike Aris Purwanto Armansyah H. Tambunan Arshiya Subhani Asmiatiningsih, Sri Azus, Faidah Baskara Edi Nugraha Christina Winarti Dedy Wirawan Soedibyo Dentaka, Dentaka Desrial Diding Suhandy Dwi Dian Novita Dwi Pamungkas Bermani Efi Toding Tondok Eko Heri Purwanto Emmy Darmawati Enrico Syaefullah Evi Savitri Iriani Fahim Muchammad Taqi Fahmi Riadi Fajar Kurniawan Fajar Kurniawan Firdaus, Jonni Hadi K Purwadaria Haeril, Haeril HALIM, HARIFUDDIN handayani, yossi Hani Fildzah Nadya Harifuddin Harifuddin, Harifuddin Hendra Hendra I Dewa Made Subrata I Wayan Budiastra Iftikhar Alam Khan Imam, Sadrul Iman Sabarisman Inge Scorpi Tulliza Iptidaiyah, Muhamad Jati Sumarto Putro Jonni Firdaus Junaidin, Junaidin Khalimatus Sa&#039;diyah Krah, Courage Y. Kudang Boro Seminar Lilik Pujantoro Lilik Pujantoro Eko Nugroho Lu’lu’i Zulaikho Lydia Ariani Mar'atus Sholihah Mardison Suhil Meika Wahyuni Azrita Meivie Lintang Mohamad Rafi Mohamad Rahmad Suhartanto Mohammad Irfan Monika Marpaung Mudho Saksono Muhammad Masdar Muhammad Sudirman Akili Muhammad Yusuf Antu MUHAMMAD YUSUF ANTU Nanda Supriana Nanda Wisha Ranawati Nelwan, Leopold Oscar nFN Sarastuti nFN Sutrisno nFN Sutrisno Nijma Nurfadila Nijma Nurfadila Nikmatul Hidayah Nofiyanti, Sri Handayani Novita Sari Nugraha Edhi S Nugraha Edhi Suyatma Nur Rahma Refilia Nurlaila Nurlaila Putri Wulandari Zainal Putri, Irriwad Rizka Wildani Rokhani Hasbullah Rosyid Ridho Rudy Tjahjohutomo Samsudin Samsudin - Samsudin Samsudin Samsudin Samsudin Saputri, Diah Ega Sarastuti Sarastuti Sarastuti, Sarastuti Selvi Marcellia Siregar, Gokma Ampetua Siti Mariana Widayanti Sjahrul Annas Slamet Ari Dwi Ratnanto Slamet Widodo Slamet Widodo Sri Lestari Sri Widowati Suci Rahmi Sukrisno Widyotomo Suroso . Sut risno Sutrisno Sutrisno - Sutrisno . Sutrisno . Sutrisno Sutrisno Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Tasrif Tasrif Verra Mellyana Waqif Agusta Wawan Hermawan Wendianing Putri Luketsi Yusianto Yusianto