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AOS-ELM-Based Intrusion Detection for ESPHome IoT Networks: An Edge Computing Performance Evaluation Rahman Bayu Pratama; Mudrik Alaydrus
International Journal of Engineering Continuity Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): IJEC
Publisher : Sultan Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58291/ijec.v5i2.683

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are vulnerable to denial-of-service attacks but often lack resources for conventional intrusion detection. This study develops an Adaptive Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine (AOS-ELM) intrusion detection system for monitoring ESPHome–Home Assistant Native API traffic on edge devices. Its novelty lies in combining fixed five-second flow-level feature extraction, sequential AOS-ELM updates with bounded forgetting-factor adaptation, and live evaluation on Raspberry Pi 5 and LattePanda v1. Real-time operation was verified by capturing mirrored traffic, processing completed flow windows, producing NORMAL or ATTACK decisions, and recording per-flow inference time and memory usage during normal and attack conditions. On Raspberry Pi 5, the system achieved 98.34% accuracy, 99.55% precision, 97.21% recall, and 98.36% F1-score, with average inference latency of 121.88 ms per flow. LattePanda v1 achieved 81.54% accuracy, 59.81% precision, 100% recall, and 74.85% F1-score. The lightweight claim is supported by successful execution on both edge devices, bounded inference latency, and moderate IDS-process RAM growth under attack conditions. Results indicate that the proposed framework can update sequentially and respond to tested traffic variations without full retraining, supporting its use as a lightweight adaptive IDS for edge-based IoT infrastructure.
Co-Authors A Majid, Huda Abdi Wahab Adik Susilo Wardoyo Agus Dendi Rochendi Ahmad Firdausi Ahmad Firdausi Ahmad Syadidu Rosyadi Aisyah Novfitri Andi Adriansyah Andika Muharam Audi Nantan Ayu Mika Sherila Beny Nugraha Bobi Bobi Budiman Budiman Candra Kurniawan Danang Sunandar Darmanik, Sis Yasin Desi Ekowati Dian Rusdiyanto Dian Widi Astuti Dina Rahmawati Ellisa Agustina Erfan Handoko Fanda Lyta Suzanayanti Fariz Zikrulhaq Yulfinov Fathurahman, Firhan Furqan Furqan Galang P. N. Hakim Galang Persada Nur Hakim Galang Persada Nurani Hakim Ghoshal, Sib Krishna Hamzah Hilal Haryanto, Puji Haziel Latupapua Huda A Majid Indra Dermawan Intan Wahyuni Inu Manggolo Jatmika, Jumaeda Kamelia Quzwain Latupapua, Andrias Izaac Lazuardi Umar Levy Olivia Nur Lukman Medriavin Silalahi Lusi Damayanti Lydia Vintari Majid, Huda A Makarim, Fakhri Zaki Marnel, Sonfia Putra Marza Ihsan Marzuki Meydita Erliana Pardila Mochamad Miftakhul Huda Muhammad Sayidi Muhtar Muhtar Muhtar Muhtar Mukhtar Effendi Muslim Muslim Muzammil Jusoh Oki Teguh Karya Oktariadi, Nanda Oktavia, Maharani Puji Haryanto Purwo Panggalih Gentayu Putri Wulandari RAHAYU, FAJAR Rahman Bayu Pratama Regina Lionnie Reka Pahlevi Retno Supriyanti Reza Farizqi Rio Mubarak Rizal Broer Bahaweres Rizki Ramadhan Putra Rizky Citra Ramadhan Rochendi, Agus Dendi Rusdiyanto, Dian Said Attamimi Setiyo Budiyanto Sianturi Tigor Franky Devano Sirait, Nurafifah Sis Yasin Darmanik Slamet Riyadi Slamet Riyadi Tamtowi, Tomy Taufik Hidayat Thomas Eibert, Thomas Toni Ismanto Trie Maya Kadarina Umaisaroh Umaisaroh Veronica VERONICA VERONICA Wahid Nur Hamid Wahju Sediono Wahyu Tri Cahyanto Wahyu Widanarto, Wahyu Wardoyo, Adik Susilo Widi Prasetyo Yohanes Bayu Kristanto Zuansah Rachmat Munggaran Zulkarnaen Akbar Zulkarnaen Akbar, Zulkarnaen