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Journal : Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro

Transforming EEG into Scalable Neurotechnology: Advances, Frontiers, and Future Directions Pamungkas, Yuri; Triandini, Evi; Forca, Adrian Jaleco; Sangsawang, Thosporn; Karim, Abdul
Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025): September
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/biste.v7i3.13824

Abstract

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a key neurotechnology that enables non-invasive, high-temporal resolution monitoring of brain activity. This review examines recent advancements in EEG-based neuroscience from 2021 to 2025, with a focus on applications in neurodegenerative disease diagnosis, cognitive assessment, emotion recognition, and brain-computer interface (BCI) development. Twenty peer-reviewed studies were selected using predefined inclusion criteria, emphasizing the use of machine learning on EEG data. Each study was assessed based on EEG settings, feature extraction, classification models, and outcomes. Emerging trends show increased adoption of advanced computational techniques such as deep learning, capsule networks, and explainable AI for tasks like seizure prediction and psychiatric classification. Applications have expanded to real-world domains including neuromarketing, emotion-aware architecture, and driver alertness systems. However, methodological inconsistencies (ranging from varied preprocessing protocols to inconsistent performance metrics) pose significant challenges to reproducibility and real-world deployment. Technical limitations such as inter-subject variability, low spatial resolution, and artifact contamination were found to negatively impact model accuracy and generalizability. Moreover, most studies lacked transparency regarding bias mitigation, dataset diversity, and ethical safeguards such as data privacy and model interpretability. Future EEG research must integrate multimodal data (e.g., EEG-fNIRS), embrace real-time edge processing, adopt federated learning frameworks, and prioritize personalized, explainable models. Greater emphasis on reproducibility and ethical standards is essential for the clinical translation of EEG-based technologies. This review highlights EEG’s expanding role in neuroscience and emphasizes the need for rigorous, ethically grounded innovation.
Transfer Learning Models for Precision Medicine: A Review of Current Applications Pamungkas, Yuri; Aung, Myo Min; Yulan, Gao; Uda, Muhammad Nur Afnan; Hashim, Uda
Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro Vol. 7 No. 3 (2025): September
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/biste.v7i3.14286

Abstract

In recent years, Transfer Learning (TL) models have demonstrated significant promise in advancing precision medicine by enabling the application of machine learning techniques to medical data with limited labeled information. TL overcomes the challenge of acquiring large, labeled datasets, which is often a limitation in medical fields. By leveraging knowledge from pre-trained models, TL offers a solution to improve diagnostic accuracy and decision-making processes in various healthcare domains, including medical imaging, disease classification, and genomics. The research contribution of this review is to systematically examine the current applications of TL models in precision medicine, providing insights into how these models have been successfully implemented to improve patient outcomes across different medical specialties. In this review, studies sourced from the Scopus database, all published in 2024 and selected for their "open access" availability, were analyzed. The research methods involved using TL techniques like fine-tuning, feature-based learning, and model-based transfer learning on diverse datasets. The results of the studies demonstrated that TL models significantly enhanced the accuracy of medical diagnoses, particularly in areas such as brain tumor detection, diabetic retinopathy, and COVID-19 detection. Furthermore, these models facilitated the classification of rare diseases, offering valuable contributions to personalized medicine. In conclusion, Transfer Learning has the potential to revolutionize precision medicine by providing cost-effective and scalable solutions for improving diagnostic capabilities and treatment personalization. The continued development and integration of TL models in clinical practice promise to further enhance the quality of patient care.