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FLORA OF ANCIENT JAVA: IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES, LANDSCAPE DISTRIBUTION, AND CULTURAL ASSOCIATION OF PLANTS MENTIONED IN OLD JAVANESE RAMAYANA DEDE MULYANTO; BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT ISKANDAR; JOHAN ISKANDAR; DEDE TRESNA WIYANTI
Reinwardtia Vol. 23 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/reinwardtia.2024.4821

We searched the Old Javanese Ramayana as historical ethnobotanical resource and identified all references to plants and their biological references. Our analysis of plant names, landscape distributions, uses, and cultural associations in Java more than 1,000 years ago, includes trees and shrubs that appear in descriptions of landscapes, urban environments, forest hermitages, and uninhabited forested mountains. Of the 2,802 stanzas, only 198 stanzas (7.06%) mention plant names, with a total of 466 plant citations. Of all plant citations, we found 232 Old Javanese plant names, of which 230 had botanical references identified. These identified plant names refer to 204 spe-cies belonging to 76 plant families. The plant families with the most described species are Fabaceae (20 species), Po-aceae (11 species), and Moraceae (11 species). Of the 204 species identified, 114 are native to Java Island, 90 are non-native plants. Of the 232 Old Javanese plant names, 190 (81.89%) are of Javanese origin or have Proto-Austronesian or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian roots and show lexical similarity to the plant names in modern languages closely related to the Javanese. The plant species with the highest SDR value related to landscape description are the non-native plants Saraca asoca and Mangifera indica. The author of Old Javanese Ramayana not only knows the names of many plants and their uses, but also the characteristics of plants such as size, colour, taste, and habitat. The discovery con-firms previous scholar’s speculation that while the place names in the Old Javanese epics are Indian, the botanic ele-ments of these places is primarily Javanese

Critical Evaluation of The Book of At-Tashrif and Al-Amtsilah At-Tashrifiyyah: A Comparative Study of Sharaf Textbooks in Islamic Boarding Schools Rohman, Agus; Mulyanto, Dede; Sopiah, Epon; Irfan, Muhammad
Tadris Al-'Arabiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Tadris Al-'Arabiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ta.v4i1.44916

This study evaluates the quality and relevance of two popular Arabic grammar textbooks commonly used in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren): Kitab at-Tashrif and Al-Amtsilah at-Tashrifiyyah. These textbooks have long served as key references in teaching sharaf (Arabic morphology) in pesantren, yet there has been no comprehensive research comparing the two. Given the evolving times and increasingly dynamic needs of Arabic language education, this study is important. A qualitative approach was employed using document analysis as the research method. The data from the two textbooks were analyzed in depth based on a relevant theoretical framework for textbook evaluation. The aspects analyzed included book structure, language, content, teaching methods, exercises, and assessments. The findings indicate that both textbooks have their strengths and weaknesses. Kitab at-Tashrif generally offers a more systematic structure and clearer presentation of material but lacks variety in exercises and assessments. On the other hand, Al-Amtsilah at-Tashrifiyyah is rich in examples but provides less in-depth explanations of concepts. Both textbooks also did not accommodate contemporary developments and the needs of modern pesantren students, particularly in terms of cultural content and teaching methodology. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that both textbooks still need improvement to meet modern textbook standards. Recommendations include developing more contextual materials, adding a greater variety of exercises and assessments, and integrating technology into the learning process. However, this study has limitations, as it only analyzes two specific textbooks and does not involve direct participation from teachers or students. Further research could involve a larger pool of participants and employ more diverse research methods to obtain more comprehensive results.

ETHNOBOTANICAL ANALYSIS OF PHYTONYMS AND PLANT-RELATED GLOSSES MENTIONED IN BUJANGGA MANIK, A PRE-ISLAMIC SUNDANESE TEXT (15TH CENTURY JAVA, INDONESIA) Dede Mulyanto; Budiawati Supangkat Iskandar; Johan Iskandar; Ira Indrawardana; Ari Abi Aufa
Reinwardtia Vol. 22 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

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This study aimed to identify and analyze ethnobotanical data on phytonym, utilization, and cultural value of plants mentioned in an Old Sundanese text. Since plants are mentioned with their vernacular names, identification was based on an exhaustive bibliographical search of the respective scientific name. A comprehensive investigation led to the identification of a total of 85 Old Sundanese phytonyms, which represented vernacular names for 79 distinct plant species. Furthermore, by considering the number of identified species from the plant-related glosses, 93 species belonging to 57 genera and 44 plant families were registered. Among these plant families, Arecaceae (12 species), Poaceae (nine species), and Fabaceae (six species) exhibited the highest number of identified species. In addition to the phytonyms, 36 phytotoponyms, which utilize vernacular phytonyms to designate settlements, hermitages, ports, mountains, and rivers were identified. It was worth noting that the majority of the plants associated with these phytotoponyms were indigenous. Meanwhile, only 13 species were traced back to the pre-Columbian exchange period during the Austronesian migration and the Indianization-Sinicization era in IndoMalayan history. The result showed that the predominantly mentioned utilization included beverage production, textile manufacturing, vessel craftsmanship, betel quid preparation, perfume creation, and incense production. Among the identified species, Areca catechu emerges as the most frequently mentioned in the text, along with Graptophyllum pictum and Cordyline fruticosa, which were also considered as possessing profound spiritual value due to association with heavenly realms. Furthermore, the text highlighted that the production of plant-based fragrance products, also referenced in the celestial domain, held significant prominence in global trade during the 15th century

ETHNOBOTANICAL ANALYSIS OF PHYTONYMS AND PLANT-RELATED GLOSSES MENTIONED IN BUJANGGA MANIK, A PRE-ISLAMIC SUNDANESE TEXT (15TH CENTURY JAVA, INDONESIA) Dede Mulyanto; Budiawati Supangkat Iskandar; Johan Iskandar; Ira Indrawardana; Ari Abi Aufa
Reinwardtia Vol. 22 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This study aimed to identify and analyze ethnobotanical data on phytonym, utilization, and cultural value of plants mentioned in an Old Sundanese text. Since plants are mentioned with their vernacular names, identification was based on an exhaustive bibliographical search of the respective scientific name. A comprehensive investigation led to the identification of a total of 85 Old Sundanese phytonyms, which represented vernacular names for 79 distinct plant species. Furthermore, by considering the number of identified species from the plant-related glosses, 93 species belonging to 57 genera and 44 plant families were registered. Among these plant families, Arecaceae (12 species), Poaceae (nine species), and Fabaceae (six species) exhibited the highest number of identified species. In addition to the phytonyms, 36 phytotoponyms, which utilize vernacular phytonyms to designate settlements, hermitages, ports, mountains, and rivers were identified. It was worth noting that the majority of the plants associated with these phytotoponyms were indigenous. Meanwhile, only 13 species were traced back to the pre-Columbian exchange period during the Austronesian migration and the Indianization-Sinicization era in IndoMalayan history. The result showed that the predominantly mentioned utilization included beverage production, textile manufacturing, vessel craftsmanship, betel quid preparation, perfume creation, and incense production. Among the identified species, Areca catechu emerges as the most frequently mentioned in the text, along with Graptophyllum pictum and Cordyline fruticosa, which were also considered as possessing profound spiritual value due to association with heavenly realms. Furthermore, the text highlighted that the production of plant-based fragrance products, also referenced in the celestial domain, held significant prominence in global trade during the 15th century

Widowhood, Ex-Affinal Relationships, and Social Perceptions: A Case Study of Sundanese Muslim Women in Rural West Java, Indonesia Mahira, Khansa; Mulyanto, Dede; Iskandar, Budiawati Supangkat
Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Sosial Budaya Vol 10 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : the Faculty of Ushuluddin, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/jw.v10i1.39614

This article explores the social perception of widows from an Islamic perspective, the various types of relationships between widows and their ex-affines, and the factors shaping these relationships among Sundanese Muslims in rural West Java. Employing a qualitative research design with a case study approach, the study engaged religious leaders and six widows who had diverse experiences with their ex-affinal kin. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and non-participant observations. The findings reveal that social perceptions of widows, as informed by Islamic teachings, are rooted in Qur’anic references; however, these teachings are not consistently reflected in actual practices within Cikembang Village. Instead, the findings align with existing literature on Muslim widows in other Southeast Asian contexts. The study identified three types of the widow–ex-affinal relationships: (1) positive—characterised by continued closeness, such as becoming friends or being regarded as a daughter; (2) negative—marked by hostility or estrangement, such as being treated as a hostile neighbour or stranger; and (3) neutral—defined by a distanced yet peaceful coexistence, such as simply being neighbours. Several factors influenced these relationship dynamics: (1) the nature of the previous personal bond, (2) the widow's age and adherence to cultural and religious principles, and (3) the birthplace of the deceased husband and the current residence of the in-laws. The classification of these relationships largely depended on the widow's post-marital situation and her interpretation of Islamic teachings. Overall, the findings offer valuable insights for developing culturally sensitive support systems for Muslim widows and contribute original perspectives to kinship studies in Southeast Asian anthropology. Specifically, this research sheds light on widow–ex-affinal relations within bilateral kinship systems—a context that remains underexplored in Indonesian Muslim communities.

From Gambling to Housing: Collective Memory of Cinchona Plantation Residents in West Java, Indonesia Alissa Wiranova; Budiawati Supangkat; Dede Mulyanto
Historia Madania: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): Historia Madania: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

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This study examines the collective memory possessed by local residents in the area of the former Dutch colonial cinchona plantation in Cikembang Village, West Java, which manifests in the form of historical building remnants and oral narratives. Through an ethnohistorical approach, the memory narratives conveyed by residents indicate their attachment to the plantation institution as result of paternalistic relation as a way of labor control. This research demonstrates that, in addition to providing basic necessities and improving moral standards for workers, paternalistic relation were implemented to maintain a continuous supply of plantation labor.

Praktik Sapa-Menyapa Kekerabatan (Studi Etnografi pada Masyarakat Dusun Cibitung, Kabupaten Cilacap) Handuweni, Triesna; Supangkat, Budiawati; Mulyanto, Dede
Anthropos: Jurnal Antropologi Sosial dan Budaya (Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): Juli
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/antro.v10i1.68932

This research aimed to describe the diversity in the usage of kinship terms in relative address practice by Cibitung society, Karanggedang Village, Sidareja District, Cilacap Regency, Central Java. Qualitative methods with ethnographic design and data collection techniques of non-participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and literature studies were used to explore the terms of reference, term of address, kinship terms usage in kinship and non-kinship events, diversity of address terms and the underlying factors of that. Based on the field research results, it was found that in practice the term kinship can be used to greet relative and non-relative. Then, there are as many as 112 terms of address used to greet 19 categories of relative. This diversity is shown through differences in the application of kinship terms by the older generation (G+1, G+2) and the younger generation (G 0). Basically, the emergence of these various terms does not occur by itself, but is caused by several factors, such as: the development of the times, usage of other languages, social structures, migration culture, and exogamous marriages.

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