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FLORA OF ANCIENT JAVA: IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES, LANDSCAPE DISTRIBUTION, AND CULTURAL ASSOCIATION OF PLANTS MENTIONED IN OLD JAVANESE RAMAYANA DEDE MULYANTO; BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT ISKANDAR; JOHAN ISKANDAR; DEDE TRESNA WIYANTI
Reinwardtia Vol. 23 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/reinwardtia.2024.4821

We searched the Old Javanese Ramayana as historical ethnobotanical resource and identified all references to plants and their biological references. Our analysis of plant names, landscape distributions, uses, and cultural associations in Java more than 1,000 years ago, includes trees and shrubs that appear in descriptions of landscapes, urban environments, forest hermitages, and uninhabited forested mountains. Of the 2,802 stanzas, only 198 stanzas (7.06%) mention plant names, with a total of 466 plant citations. Of all plant citations, we found 232 Old Javanese plant names, of which 230 had botanical references identified. These identified plant names refer to 204 spe-cies belonging to 76 plant families. The plant families with the most described species are Fabaceae (20 species), Po-aceae (11 species), and Moraceae (11 species). Of the 204 species identified, 114 are native to Java Island, 90 are non-native plants. Of the 232 Old Javanese plant names, 190 (81.89%) are of Javanese origin or have Proto-Austronesian or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian roots and show lexical similarity to the plant names in modern languages closely related to the Javanese. The plant species with the highest SDR value related to landscape description are the non-native plants Saraca asoca and Mangifera indica. The author of Old Javanese Ramayana not only knows the names of many plants and their uses, but also the characteristics of plants such as size, colour, taste, and habitat. The discovery con-firms previous scholar’s speculation that while the place names in the Old Javanese epics are Indian, the botanic ele-ments of these places is primarily Javanese

FLORA OF ANCIENT JAVA: IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES, LANDSCAPE DISTRIBUTION, AND CULTURAL ASSOCIATION OF PLANTS MENTIONED IN OLD JAVANESE RAMAYANA DEDE MULYANTO; BUDIAWATI SUPANGKAT ISKANDAR; JOHAN ISKANDAR; DEDE TRESNA WIYANTI
Reinwardtia Vol. 23 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/reinwardtia.2024.4821

We searched the Old Javanese Ramayana as historical ethnobotanical resource and identified all references to plants and their biological references. Our analysis of plant names, landscape distributions, uses, and cultural associations in Java more than 1,000 years ago, includes trees and shrubs that appear in descriptions of landscapes, urban environments, forest hermitages, and uninhabited forested mountains. Of the 2,802 stanzas, only 198 stanzas (7.06%) mention plant names, with a total of 466 plant citations. Of all plant citations, we found 232 Old Javanese plant names, of which 230 had botanical references identified. These identified plant names refer to 204 spe-cies belonging to 76 plant families. The plant families with the most described species are Fabaceae (20 species), Po-aceae (11 species), and Moraceae (11 species). Of the 204 species identified, 114 are native to Java Island, 90 are non-native plants. Of the 232 Old Javanese plant names, 190 (81.89%) are of Javanese origin or have Proto-Austronesian or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian roots and show lexical similarity to the plant names in modern languages closely related to the Javanese. The plant species with the highest SDR value related to landscape description are the non-native plants Saraca asoca and Mangifera indica. The author of Old Javanese Ramayana not only knows the names of many plants and their uses, but also the characteristics of plants such as size, colour, taste, and habitat. The discovery con-firms previous scholar’s speculation that while the place names in the Old Javanese epics are Indian, the botanic ele-ments of these places is primarily Javanese

ETHNOBOTANICAL ANALYSIS OF PHYTONYMS AND PLANT-RELATED GLOSSES MENTIONED IN BUJANGGA MANIK, A PRE-ISLAMIC SUNDANESE TEXT (15TH CENTURY JAVA, INDONESIA) Dede Mulyanto; Budiawati Supangkat Iskandar; Johan Iskandar; Ira Indrawardana; Ari Abi Aufa
Reinwardtia Vol. 22 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This study aimed to identify and analyze ethnobotanical data on phytonym, utilization, and cultural value of plants mentioned in an Old Sundanese text. Since plants are mentioned with their vernacular names, identification was based on an exhaustive bibliographical search of the respective scientific name. A comprehensive investigation led to the identification of a total of 85 Old Sundanese phytonyms, which represented vernacular names for 79 distinct plant species. Furthermore, by considering the number of identified species from the plant-related glosses, 93 species belonging to 57 genera and 44 plant families were registered. Among these plant families, Arecaceae (12 species), Poaceae (nine species), and Fabaceae (six species) exhibited the highest number of identified species. In addition to the phytonyms, 36 phytotoponyms, which utilize vernacular phytonyms to designate settlements, hermitages, ports, mountains, and rivers were identified. It was worth noting that the majority of the plants associated with these phytotoponyms were indigenous. Meanwhile, only 13 species were traced back to the pre-Columbian exchange period during the Austronesian migration and the Indianization-Sinicization era in IndoMalayan history. The result showed that the predominantly mentioned utilization included beverage production, textile manufacturing, vessel craftsmanship, betel quid preparation, perfume creation, and incense production. Among the identified species, Areca catechu emerges as the most frequently mentioned in the text, along with Graptophyllum pictum and Cordyline fruticosa, which were also considered as possessing profound spiritual value due to association with heavenly realms. Furthermore, the text highlighted that the production of plant-based fragrance products, also referenced in the celestial domain, held significant prominence in global trade during the 15th century

ETHNOBOTANICAL ANALYSIS OF PHYTONYMS AND PLANT-RELATED GLOSSES MENTIONED IN BUJANGGA MANIK, A PRE-ISLAMIC SUNDANESE TEXT (15TH CENTURY JAVA, INDONESIA) Dede Mulyanto; Budiawati Supangkat Iskandar; Johan Iskandar; Ira Indrawardana; Ari Abi Aufa
Reinwardtia Vol. 22 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This study aimed to identify and analyze ethnobotanical data on phytonym, utilization, and cultural value of plants mentioned in an Old Sundanese text. Since plants are mentioned with their vernacular names, identification was based on an exhaustive bibliographical search of the respective scientific name. A comprehensive investigation led to the identification of a total of 85 Old Sundanese phytonyms, which represented vernacular names for 79 distinct plant species. Furthermore, by considering the number of identified species from the plant-related glosses, 93 species belonging to 57 genera and 44 plant families were registered. Among these plant families, Arecaceae (12 species), Poaceae (nine species), and Fabaceae (six species) exhibited the highest number of identified species. In addition to the phytonyms, 36 phytotoponyms, which utilize vernacular phytonyms to designate settlements, hermitages, ports, mountains, and rivers were identified. It was worth noting that the majority of the plants associated with these phytotoponyms were indigenous. Meanwhile, only 13 species were traced back to the pre-Columbian exchange period during the Austronesian migration and the Indianization-Sinicization era in IndoMalayan history. The result showed that the predominantly mentioned utilization included beverage production, textile manufacturing, vessel craftsmanship, betel quid preparation, perfume creation, and incense production. Among the identified species, Areca catechu emerges as the most frequently mentioned in the text, along with Graptophyllum pictum and Cordyline fruticosa, which were also considered as possessing profound spiritual value due to association with heavenly realms. Furthermore, the text highlighted that the production of plant-based fragrance products, also referenced in the celestial domain, held significant prominence in global trade during the 15th century

From Gambling to Housing: Collective Memory of Cinchona Plantation Residents in West Java, Indonesia Alissa Wiranova; Budiawati Supangkat; Dede Mulyanto
Historia Madania: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): Historia Madania: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

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This study examines the collective memory possessed by local residents in the area of the former Dutch colonial cinchona plantation in Cikembang Village, West Java, which manifests in the form of historical building remnants and oral narratives. Through an ethnohistorical approach, the memory narratives conveyed by residents indicate their attachment to the plantation institution as result of paternalistic relation as a way of labor control. This research demonstrates that, in addition to providing basic necessities and improving moral standards for workers, paternalistic relation were implemented to maintain a continuous supply of plantation labor.

Praktik Sapa-Menyapa Kekerabatan (Studi Etnografi pada Masyarakat Dusun Cibitung, Kabupaten Cilacap) Handuweni, Triesna; Supangkat, Budiawati; Mulyanto, Dede
Anthropos: Jurnal Antropologi Sosial dan Budaya (Journal of Social and Cultural Anthropology) Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): Juli
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/antro.v10i1.68932

This research aimed to describe the diversity in the usage of kinship terms in relative address practice by Cibitung society, Karanggedang Village, Sidareja District, Cilacap Regency, Central Java. Qualitative methods with ethnographic design and data collection techniques of non-participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and literature studies were used to explore the terms of reference, term of address, kinship terms usage in kinship and non-kinship events, diversity of address terms and the underlying factors of that. Based on the field research results, it was found that in practice the term kinship can be used to greet relative and non-relative. Then, there are as many as 112 terms of address used to greet 19 categories of relative. This diversity is shown through differences in the application of kinship terms by the older generation (G+1, G+2) and the younger generation (G 0). Basically, the emergence of these various terms does not occur by itself, but is caused by several factors, such as: the development of the times, usage of other languages, social structures, migration culture, and exogamous marriages.

Ethnoveterinary Use of Plants to Treat Ruminant’s Common Ailments in Rural West Java, Indonesia Iskandar, Budiawati S.; Mulyanto, Dede; Iskandar, Johan; Kusmoro, Joko
Journal of Tropical Ethnobiology Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): July 2024
Publisher : The Ethnobiological Society of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46359/jte.v7i2.182

For generations, the inhabitants of rural people of Pasir Putih Village, Rancakalong Subdistrict, Sumedang Regency, West Java, have relied on medicinal plant to maintain the health of their livestock and treat various illness that may distress their livestock. Nowadays, however, the knowledge and practice of livestock treatment using various medicinal plants in rural areas of Pasir Putih Village has tended to eroded, due to the influence of commercial livestock businesses development. Consequently, to treat various livestock, farmers have to buy various modern medicines from the city and the prices are expensive. In addition, the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), particularly in the young generations has eroded. The aim of this study is to explore and to document the information regarding various ruminant livestock ailments, diversity of plant species used as ethnoveterinary medicine, plant part used and application method applied in treating ruminant ailments, and source of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants in the rural ecosystems of the study area. Method used in this study was mixed-method qualitative and quantitative with an ethnoveterinary medicinal approach. The study resulted showed that during the study recorded 14 common ailments of the ruminants, at least a total of 46 plant species in 41 genera and 17 families were used traditionally and their combination for the treatment of 14 diseases in the study area. Zingiberaceae found to be a dominated family with seven plant species followed by Asteraceae (5 species), Alliacea (5 species), and Fabaceae (5 species). The most commonly used plant parts were leaf (15 species), fruit (11 species), and rhizome (7 species). The wide application of medical plants as the form of drunk (66.67 %), followed by eaten (7.14 %), smeared (7.14 %), and put on (7.14 %). Based on the were the most important medicinal plants used to treat various ruminant ailments Fidelity Level (FL), it was recoded five medical plants, viz., Allium sativum (34.09), Kaempferia galanga (34.09), Zingiber officinale (34.09), Curcuma longa (34.09), and Aloe vera (34.09), in the study area. Regarding source of 46 plant species of ethnoveterinary medical plants was harvested from the homegarden 23 species (50.00 %), garden 11 species (23.91 %), and 12 species (26.05 %) acquired from both homegarden and garden. Thus, the agroecosystem of homegarden and garden are important role not only for the human food production but also livestock feed in the rural ecosystem.

THE PROTECTION OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM OF SUNDA WIWITAN BELIEVERS Kusmayanti, Hazar; Kania, Dede; Mulyanto, Dede
Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Vol 8 No 3 (2019)
Publisher : Pusat Strategi Kebijakan Hukum dan Peradilan Mahkamah Agung RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25216/jhp.8.3.2019.391-406

Sunda Wiwitan as a religion had existed prior to the other, more well known religions in Indonesia, but is currently isnâ€™t recognized as an official religion by Act No.1/PNPS/1965. The state, as opposed to guaranteeing the freedom of belief and its practice, instead imposes restrictions on religion in this particular case, leaving the believers of Sunda Wiwitan feeling abandoned and as outcasts. As a result, many violations and discriminations are experienced by adherents of Sunda Wiwitan. One example of such discrimination is the â€œwhiting-outâ€ of the â€œreligionâ€ column in ID Cards. The result of this discrimination is difficulty in accessing civil documents, in addition to verbal violence from certain parts of the society who assume the Sunda Wiwitan belief as heretic.

Post-Marital Relationships Between Widow and Her Ex- Affines Among The Sundanese in Rural West Java Mahira, Khansa; Mulyanto, Dede; Iskandar, Budiawati Supangkat
Komunitas: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/komunitas.v17i1.10958

This article explores different types of relationships between widows and their ex-affines and explains the different factors of these relationships among the Sundanese people in rural West Java. The study was conducted by six widows with different experiences of their relationships with their ex-affinal kin using qualitative research methods with a case study approach. For this purpose, in-depth interviews and observational studies were conducted. Based on the results, we conclude that in the context of involuntary endogamous marriages, the relationship between widows and their ex-affinal kin takes the form of (1) friendship, (2) fictive daughter, (3) just another neighbor, (4) hostile neighbor, and (5) total stranger. These results are supported by factors such as (1) past personal relationships between the two people, (2) dependency on old age and social values in elderly care, and (3) the place of origin and residence of ex-husband. The nature of the relationships with ex-affine is not consistent across all categories. Ultimately, the classification of these relationships depends on the widow's specific situation after divorce or the death of her husband.

Socio-Ecological Management of Drawdown Farming in Jatigede Embankment Dam (West Java, Indonesia) Suwartapradja, Opan Suhendi; Iskandar, Budiawati S.; Iskandar, Johan; Mulyanto, Dede
Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya Vol 25 No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jantro.v25.n2.p265-270.2023

The impact of the construction of the Jatigede dam caused at least 6,856 heads of households in 17 villages as affected people (Orang terkena dampak-OTD) must move to new area. They must develop adaptation strategies to make various efforts to obtain income to maintain their survival in new area. Among the efforts made by OTD of Jatigede, they have utilized drawdown area of Jatigede for cultivating various crops . The objective of the paper is to elucidate the socio-ecological strategyÂ of OTD of Jatigede who reside in Maleber Hamlet, Wado Village, Sumedang District, in managing drawdown area. The method used in this study was a qualitative method with an ethnoagroecological approach. The results of the study showed that in an effort to adapt the OTD to a new environment, they have managed the drawdown area of Jatigede lake forÂ cultivating various crops. Generally OTD have successfully managed the drawndown area by cultivating various crops. However, they have still difficulty maintained sustainable cultivating in the drawdown area due to climate changes and drought.

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