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Culturable Microbial Abundance and Morphotypes in Stingless Bee Honey from Urban and Rural Landscapes Fitriyan Kurnia; Elpe Bibas; Muftiah Yasi Dwi Wahyuni; Etha Marista; Adityo Raynaldo; Nur Exsanty Rembulan; Jani Putri Rara; Riza Linda
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12128

Abstract

Stingless bee honey contains culturable microorganisms that may vary with floral resources, hive conditions, handling, and surrounding landscapes. This descriptive study compared total culturable counts and colony/cell morphotypes in Heterotrigona itama honey collected from one urban site in Pontianak and one rural site in Ambawang, Kubu Raya. Honey was serially diluted, cultured on Glucose Peptone Agar, and characterized using colony morphology, Gram staining, and endospore observations. Total Plate Count (TPC) values varied among isolates within each landscape: urban isolates ranged from 1.98 × 105 to 1.12 × 106 CFU/mL, while rural isolates ranged from 8.9 × 104 to 2.2 × 105 CFU/mL.  Urban cultures included bacterial and yeast-like morphotypes, whereas rural cultures were represented by Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial morphotypes. These observations describe culturable abundance and morphology but do not establish taxonomic identity, community diversity, or a causal landscape effect because site replication, molecular identification, physicochemical covariates, and inferential statistics were not reported. The study provides preliminary data that can guide replicated surveys combining culture-based and sequencing approaches.
Analysis of Changes in Vegetation Density in Tanjung Belimbing Nature Park Using the NDVI Vegetation Index Method. Mohamad Jakaria; Eka Haryati Yuliany; Adityo Raynaldo
Indonesian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): August In Progres
Publisher : Yayasan Siti Widhatul Faeha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65622/ijtb.v2i2.290

Abstract

Coastal protected areas require reliable spatial information on vegetation condition to support conservation and adaptive management. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and temporal change of NDVI-derived vegetation conditions in Tanjung Belimbing Nature Tourism Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, between 2019 and 2023. Landsat 8 OLI imagery was processed through radiometric correction, cloud screening, spatial alignment, NDVI calculation, and threshold-based classification, while 2023 results were supported by field observations, GPS records, photographs, and drone imagery. Vegetation change was evaluated through postclassification comparison of the two observation years. The results showed that high-density vegetation remained the dominant class and increased from 521.87 ha in 2019 to 638.98 ha in 2023, whereas moderate- and low-density vegetation decreased by 72.50 and 61.47 ha, respectively. These changes indicate a redistribution of vegetation toward higher spectralgreenness conditions rather than extensive conversion to non-vegetated land. However, NDVI represents vegetation greenness rather than direct forest structure or biomass. The findings provide a spatial baseline for identifying persistent vegetation, greenness gain, and potential decline, and can support conservation zoning, field verification, rehabilitation prioritization, and long-term vegetation monitoring.
Analysis of Changes in Vegetation Density in Tanjung Belimbing Nature Park Using the NDVI Vegetation Index Method. Mohamad Jakaria; Eka Haryati Yuliany; Adityo Raynaldo
Indonesian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): August In Progres
Publisher : Yayasan Siti Widhatul Faeha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65622/ijtb.v2i2.290

Abstract

Coastal protected areas require reliable spatial information on vegetation condition to support conservation and adaptive management. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution and temporal change of NDVI-derived vegetation conditions in Tanjung Belimbing Nature Tourism Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, between 2019 and 2023. Landsat 8 OLI imagery was processed through radiometric correction, cloud screening, spatial alignment, NDVI calculation, and threshold-based classification, while 2023 results were supported by field observations, GPS records, photographs, and drone imagery. Vegetation change was evaluated through postclassification comparison of the two observation years. The results showed that high-density vegetation remained the dominant class and increased from 521.87 ha in 2019 to 638.98 ha in 2023, whereas moderate- and low-density vegetation decreased by 72.50 and 61.47 ha, respectively. These changes indicate a redistribution of vegetation toward higher spectralgreenness conditions rather than extensive conversion to non-vegetated land. However, NDVI represents vegetation greenness rather than direct forest structure or biomass. The findings provide a spatial baseline for identifying persistent vegetation, greenness gain, and potential decline, and can support conservation zoning, field verification, rehabilitation prioritization, and long-term vegetation monitoring.