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All Journal Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA AL KAUNIYAH Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition Biota Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology BERITA BIOLOGI Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal Jurnal Mangifera Edu Proceeding Biology Education Conference Berkala Penelitian Hayati Kaunia: Integration and Interconnection of Islam and Science Journal Kenanga : Journal of Biological sciences and Applied Biology Gunung Djati Conference Series Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia
Laksmindra Fitria
Universitas Gadjah Mada
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Potensi Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) untuk Meningkatkan Kapasitas Reproduksi Betina pada Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Laksmindra Fitria; Windah Dwi Nuraini Mappalotteng
Proceeding Biology Education Conference: Biology, Science, Enviromental, and Learning Vol 16, No 1 (2019): Proceeding Biology Education Conference
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

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Abstract

Basil has been commonly consumed by the people of Indonesia as a complement to the dish. The people of South Sulawesi believe that basil has many benefits, one of which is to increase sexual desire. Library studies report that basil leaf extract can prolong the estrous phase in mice. Basil leaves also have a positive effect on the reproductive system of male rats. The use of basil leaf filtrate to explore its potential for reproductive capacity has never been done. Therefore, this study aims to study the effect of basil leaf filtrate on estrous phase length and structure of female reproductive organs in Wistar rats. A total of 10 mature reproductive individuals were divided into 3 groups: Treatment I = flexed basil leaf filtrate 4.1 g / kg bw; treatment II = strained basil leaf filtrate 12.3 g / kg bw, and control = fed aquades (placebo). It is carried out for 15 consecutive days after the animal is fasted. The phases in the estrous cycle are observed then compared before and during the treatment. Other parameters observed were body weight (BB), body temperature (SB), gonadosomatic index (IGS), and uterine index (IU). Data were analyzed statistically based on the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney U-test (α = 0.05). The results showed that the estrus and metestrus phase was prolonged in the treatment group compared to the control but not significant (p> 0.05). Meanwhile, BB, SB, IGS, and IU in all groups experienced an increase, although not significantly (p> 0.05). It is thought that the phytosterol content in basil leaves has an estrogenic effect that plays a role in the regulation of the female reproductive system, growth and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics, as well as the appearance of sexual drives. Based on these findings, research needs to be continued in order to obtain more complete data, including phytochemical tests, pharmacological effects, hormone analysis, and toxicity for safety information on consuming basil leaves as functional food.
Biochemical compounds and sub-chronic toxicity test of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina sp. isolated from Glagah Coastal Water Slamet Widiyanto; Mulyati Sarto; Laksmindra Fitria; Rahadian Yudo; Eko Agus Suyono
JURNAL PENELITIAN BIOLOGI BERKALA PENELITIAN HAYATI Vol 24 No 1 (2018): December 2018
Publisher : The East Java Biological Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1127.852 KB) | DOI: 10.23869/37

Abstract

Microalgae are microscopic photosynthetic organisms found in marine and freshwater environments. This organism is a eukaryotic group of polyphyletic and very diverse. This study investigated the biochemical composition and sub-chronic test of Chlorella Sp. and Spirulina Sp. isolated from Glagah coastal water (Yogyakarta, Indonesia) as a preclinical study to create potential nutritional supplement for human health. Microalgae culture was analyzed for biochemical composition using several methods: AAS for metal analysis (Pb, Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn, and Hg), GC-MS and UV spectrophotometer for fatty acid profiles analysis (lenolenic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, EPA, DHA, omega 6 and 9), Alkaloids, Steroids, Tanin and Saponin. The next step is to do a sub-chronic test of microalgae biomass using experimental animals. The result shows that Spirulina sp. and Chlorella sp. contain 16 and 10 different biochemical compounds respectively. Furthermore, organic nutritional properties in both of microalgae are relatively high with a rich biochemical profile of Fe and nutritious poly-unsaturated fats (such as linolenic acid, arachidonic acid , omega 6, and 9). Regarding sub-chronic toxicity test, it was clear that Spirulina and Chlorella did not affect the blood profile. These findings suggest that both of Glagah strain microalgae are considered to have great potential as a multi-nutritional human health supplement.
Pengaruh Antikoagulan dan Waktu Penyimpanan Terhadap Profil Hematologis Tikus (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Galur Wistar Laksmindra Fitria; Lia Lavi Illiy; Indah Riwantrisna Dewi
Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal Vol 33, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi | Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20884/1.mib.2016.33.1.321

Abstract

Darah merupakan komponen penting karena menunjukkan kondisi fisiologis individu. Oleh  karena  itu  darah  menjadi salah  satu  parameter  pokok  dalam penelitian praklinik/ biomedik. Hematologi merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari kondisi sel-sel darah perifer dalam kondisi normal maupun patologis. Parameter pemeriksaan hematologis yang rutin dilakukan antara lain profil eritrosit dan leukosit. Sampel darah yang diterima kadangkala tidak langsung diperiksa karena berbagai alasan. Untuk menjaga supaya kondisinya tidak rusak, maka sampel darah ditambah antikoagulan dan disimpan di dalam lemari pendingin selama beberapa jam hingga beberapa hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari profil eritrosit dan leukosit pada sampel darah tikus (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Galur Wistar yang sehat/normal dengan antikoagulan EDTA atau Heparin dan variasi waktu penyimpanan (0, 6, 18, 24, dan 48 jam). Untuk pembahasan lebih lanjut, data dianalisis secara statistik berdasarkan ANOVA two-factor (P<0,05). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa antikoagulan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap profil eritrosit dan leukosit (P<0,05). Nilai profil eritrosit pada sampel darah-EDTA lebih rendah daripada sampel darah-Heparin. Sebaliknya pada pemeriksaan profil leukosit, sampel darah-EDTA memiliki kecenderungan nilai lebih tinggi daripada sampel darah-Heparin. Seiring bertambahnya waktu penyimpanan, jumlah eritrosit, total leukosit, neutrofil, dan limfosit berkurang secara signifikan (P<0,05). Waktu penyimpanan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap nilai hematokrit, kadar hemoglobin, jumlah monosit, eosinofil, dan basofil (P>0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa pemeriksaan profil hematologis yang terbaik adalah menggunakan darah tanpa antikoagulan namun harus langsung dilakukan segera setelah sampel diperoleh (sebelum darah mengalami koagulasi). Apabila tidak memungkinkan, maka dapat digunakan EDTA atau Heparin, dan jenis antikoagulan harus dijelaskan dalam pelaporannya. Pemeriksaan darah dengan antikoagulan hendaknya juga tetap dilakukan segera setelah sampel diterima (tidak ditunda).
Toksisitas Oral Akut Arthrospira maxima dan Chlorella vulgaris Isolat Glagah Pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Galur Wistar Laksmindra Fitria; Tika Candra Dewi; Kholidatus Silmi; Mulyati Mulyati; Rahadian Yudo Hartantyo; Slamet Widiyanto; Eko Agus Suyono
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 2 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i2.18716

Abstract

AbstrakArthrospira (Spirulina) dan Chlorella adalah mikroalga yang telah dikenal bermanfaat bagi kesehatan sehingga banyak dikembangkan sebagai produk suplemen makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari tingkat ketoksikan dan keamanan mengkonsumsi A. maxima dan C. vulgaris yang diisolasi dari perairan Pantai Glagah di Provinsi D.I. Yogyakarta menggunakan tikus Wistar sebagai model praklinis. Studi toksisitas merupakan langkah awal sebelum dilakukan eksplorasi potensi, pemanfaatan, dan pengolahan kedua mikroalga ini sebagai produk suplemen kesehatan. Prosedur uji toksisitas mengikuti Guideline OECD No. 420. Parameter yang diamati meliputi berat badan, profil hematologis, evaluasi fungsi hati (aktivitas ALT dan kadar bilirubin), serta fungsi ginjal (kadar kreatinin dan asam urat). Berdasarkan hasil, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian per oral A. maxima dan C. vulgaris hingga dosis 5.000 mg/kg bb tidak menunjukkan tanda-tanda ketoksikan, ditunjukkan dengan nilai untuk sebagian besar variabel yang berada dalam kisaran normal. Fluktuasi nilai yang terjadi merupakan wujud dinamika fisiologis normal. Dalam penelitian ini kami mendapat temuan bahwa C. vulgaris menunjukkan potensi sebagai antianemia. Oleh karena studi toksisitas ini adalah dosis tunggal dan terbatas untuk periode akut, maka perlu dilanjutkan dengan studi toksisitas dosis berulang dan periode yang lebih panjang, selain untuk mempelajari ketoksikan dan keamanan juga untuk menggali potensinya.AbstractArthrospira (Spirulina) and Chlorella are microalgae that possess benefits for health, therefore they are Arthrospira (Spirulina) and Chlorella are microalgae that possess benefits for health, therefore they are developed as food supplement products. This study aimed to determine the toxicity and the safety of consuming A. maxima and C. vulgaris isolated from Glagah coastal water in D.I. Yogyakarta Province using Wistar rats as preclinical model. Toxicity study is the first step before exploring the potential, utilization and processing of these microalgae as health supplement products. Toxicity test procedure was performed following OECD Guideline No. 420. Parameters observed included: body weight, hematological profile, and evaluation of liver function (ALT activity and bilirubin level) and renal function (creatinine and uric acid levels). Based on the results, it is concluded that oral administration of A. maxima and C. vulgaris up to dose of 5,000 mg/kg bw demonstrated no signs of toxicity, indicated by values for most of variables were within normal range. Fluctuation in values were manifestation of normal physiological dynamic. In this study, we found that C. vulgaris could be an antianemia potential. Since this toxicity study was a single-dose and limited to acute period, it is suggested to continue with repeated-dose toxicity studies with longer periods to examine the toxicity and the safety of both species besides exploring their potential.
PROFIL HEMATOLOGIS MARMUT [Cavia Porcellus (LINNAEUS, 1758)] JANTAN DAN BETINA PADA TINGKATAN USIA YANG BERBEDA Pricellita Nur’aivy Alvianti; Laksmindra Fitria
Gunung Djati Conference Series Vol. 35 (2023): Seminar Nasional Biologi (SEMABIO) Tahun 2023
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

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Abstract

Marmut [Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758)] adalah salah satu hewan percobaan dalam penelitian biomedis yang telah digunakan selama ratusan tahun karena memiliki kemiripan fisiologis dengan manusia. Profil hematologis merupakan parameter penting dalam kajian fisiologis karena dapat menggambarkan status kesehatan suatu individu. Profil hematologis marmut dipengaruhi oleh jenis kelamin, usia, dan metode pemeliharaan. Publikasi mengenai profil hematologis marmut di Indonesia masih sangat terbatas, oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melengkapi profil hematologis marmut laboratorium yang dikembangbiakkan di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan selama 28 hari di fasilitas hewan Animal House dan Laboratorium Fisiologi Hewan Fakultas Biologi UGM. Prosedur pemeliharaan marmut mengikuti prosedur standar pemeliharaan marmut laboratorium. Sebanyak 10 marmut dikelompokkan berdasarkan jenis kelamin (jantan dan betina) serta usia (muda/juvenile, dewasa/adult, dan tua/aged). Pemeriksaan hematologis dilakukan pada hari ke-0 dan 28 menggunakan sampel darah yang dikoleksi melalui kuku tungkai belakang (toenail). Analisis profil hematologis menggunakan hematology analyzer Sysmex® XP-100 berupa hitung darah lengkap (complete blood count/CBC) yang meliputi eritrosit, leukosit, dan trombosit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profil hematologis marmut meningkat seiring pertambahan usia meskipun tidak signifikan. Peningkatan tertinggi diperoleh kelompok marmut jantan muda/juvenile. Perbedaan nilai hematologis dipengaruhi oleh usia, jenis kelamin, metode pemeliharaan, dan faktor teknis pemeriksaan. Berdasarkan temuan ini, perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan menambahkan jumlah sampel hewan, variasi rentang usia, dan parameter hematologis (indeks eritrosit, leukosit, trombosit).
KONSUMSI PAKAN DAN MINUM SERTA NILAI FEED CONVERSION RATIO (FCR) PADA MARMUT [Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758)] TUA DAN DEWASA DENGAN VARIASI SUPLEMENTASI SAYURAN DAN BUAH Putri Nur Nur Aida; Laksmindra Fitria
Gunung Djati Conference Series Vol. 35 (2023): Seminar Nasional Biologi (SEMABIO) Tahun 2023
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

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Abstract

Ketidakmampuan tubuh marmut mensintesis vitamin C mengharuskan penyediaan suplemen dalam perawatannya. Perhitungan Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) menjadi salah satu indikator penentu pertumbuhan dan kesehatan hewan. Semakin berkualitas pakan yang diberikan maka semakin rendah nilai FCR-nya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari konsumsi pakan dan minum serta nilai Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) pada marmut [Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758)] tua dan dewasa dengan variasi suplementasi sayuran dan buah. Penelitian berlangsung selama 28 hari di fasilitas hewan Animal House Fakultas Biologi UGM menggunakan marmut betina dewasa (6 bulan) dan tua (1 tahun). Prosedur pemeliharaan mengikuti panduan standar pemeliharaan marmut di laboratorium. Pakan berupa pelet kelinci, air mineral kemasan, timothy hay sebagai suplementasi fiber, suplementasi vitamin C berupa tablet vitamin C yang dilarutkan dalam air minum serta variasi jenis sayuran (kangkung, kubis, sawi putih) dan buah-buahan (nanas, jambu, wortel). Pengambilan data jumlah konsumsi pakan dan minum dilakukan setiap hari, pengambilan data berat badan dilakukan satu minggu sekali. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa rata-rata konsumsi pakan marmut dewasa sebesar 44,87 gram, konsumsi minum sebesar 76,65 mL, dan suplemen yang paling disukai adalah wortel. Sementara itu, rata-rata konsumsi pakan marmut tua sebesar 43,38 gram, konsumsi minum sebesar 88,17 mL, dan suplemen yang paling disukai adalah timothy hay. Nilai FCR pada marmut dewasa sebesar 11,79, sedangkan nilai FCR pada marmut tua sebesar -15,58. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pakan dan air minum pada marmut dipengaruhi oleh umur, suplemen sayuran atau buah, dan kondisi fisik (gigi). Nilai FCR pada marmut dewasa lebih tinggi daripada marmut tua, meskipun konsumsi pakan dan air minum tidak banyak berbeda. Berdasarkan temuan ini, maka perlu dilakukan pemantauan penyediaan pakan, air minum, dan pemilihan jenis suplemen sayuran atau buah-buahan untuk memastikan kondisi kesehatan marmut.
PROFIL LIPID DAN INDEKS LIPID PADA MARMUT BETINA [Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758)] DEWASA DAN TUA Diaz Ayu Anjani; Syifa’ Aulia Rahmah; Laksmindra Fitria
Gunung Djati Conference Series Vol. 35 (2023): Seminar Nasional Biologi (SEMABIO) Tahun 2023
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

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Abstract

Marmut [Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758)] dikarenakan memiliki sejumlah fisiologis yang sama dengan manusia sebagai hewan model namun penggunaannya sebagai penyakit kardiovaskular masih terbatas. Masalah kardiovaskular berhubungan dengan kadar lipid sehingga prevalensinya dapat diketahui dengan menghitung indeks lipid dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan profil lipid : kolesterol total, kolesterol Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), kolesterol Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), kolesterol High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) dan kadar Trigliserida (TG) beserta indeks lipid: Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) dan Atherogenic Coefficient (AC) pada Marmut dengan usia yang berbeda. Pengukuran profil lipid dilakukan pada awal dan akhir percobaan menggunakan sampel plasma darah marmut yang dikoleksi dari kuku tungkai belakang. Pengukuran profil lipid dilakukan dengan kit DiaSys® menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis 500 nm. Kadar kolesterol total, HDL dan LDL diukur menggunakan metode Cholesterol Oxydase Pheny Amino Phyrazolone (CHOD-PAP) sedangkan pengukuran kadar trigliserida dengan metode glycerol peroxidase phosphate acid (GPO-PAP). Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat peningkatan profil lipid, AIP serta VLDL seiring bertambahnya waktu namun perbedaan yang terjadi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan (p>0,05) dikarenakan tidak ada faktor eksogen pada marmut yang merupakan hewan herbivora. Akan tetapi, perbedaan usia pada parameter kadar kolesterol HDL kelompok adult H0 berpengaruh secara signifikan (p<0,05) pada kelompok aged H28. Hal tersebut dikarenakan adanya pengaruh stres oksidatif yang lebih tinggi pada usia tua (aged). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor usia berpotensi meningkatkan profil lipid dan risiko terjadinya CVD pada marmut.
Single-Dose Oral Toxicity Study of Chloroform Extract of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) Leaves in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Fitria, Laksmindra; Meidianing, Maura Indria; Sanjaya, Wilda Bunga Tina; Gunawan, Isma Cahya Putri
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 15 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v15i1.6227

Abstract

Leaves of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) are commonly used as a seasoning in various Indonesian and Southeast Asian dishes. Phytochemical studies reported various secondary metabolites that possess medicinal properties. Before exploring their potential as therapeutic agent, a series of toxicity studies must be conducted to assess the toxicity and safety levels. This research aimed to study the single-dose acute oral toxicity of chloroform extract of kaffir lime leaves (CECHL) in female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) as experimental animals. The procedure followed OECD Test Guideline No.420 with the dose 2000 mg/kg bw for 14 days (Sighting study). Parameters consisted of mortality, clinical signs of sublethal effect based on changes in general appearance and daily activity/behavior, hematological profile, and blood clinical biochemistry. Neither mortality nor sublethal effects were found during the experiment. All blood parameter values (erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes, ALT, AST, creatinine, BUN, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides) were within reference interval, indicating that CECHL is not harmful to normal physiology. In conclusion, single-dose oral administration of CECHL is safe, no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) at dose 2000 mg/kg bw or included in Category 5 based on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS).
Analisis Kulit Marmut sebagai Model Hewan dalam Penelitian Dermatologi dan Kedokteran Estetika Fitria, Laksmindra; Gunawan, Isma Cahya Putri
Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Vol 15 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Biologi Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bib.v15i2.10295

Abstract

Skin is the main barrier to protect against harmful environmental influences, one of which is ultraviolet radiation (UVR) which comes from sunlight. Therefore, skin damage due to UVR (photodamage) has gained prominence in dermatology and aesthetic medicine, especially in tropical countries. Guinea pig (GP) as tropical mammal is potential to serve as animal model for skin-related research due to the similarity of their coat pigmentation to that of humans. This research aims to study the skin condition and histomorphometric structure of GP skin with coat color variations. Samples consisted of six adult female GP with tricolor and tortoiseshell patterns. After neatly shaved in 2 x 2 cm2 area, skin condition is then evaluated using Skin Analyzer. Skin samples were processed into histological preparations using paraffin method with 10 % NBF as fixative and stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) to measure the thickness of epidermis and dermis. Results demonstrated that skin moisture levels do not significantly differ between coat colors, higher levels of sebum and pigmentation correspond with darker coat colors, whereas lower levels of elasticity and collagen are associated with lighter coat colors. Histomorphometric examination showed that in tortoiseshell GP, the thickness of the epidermis and dermis increased with the coat color, but in tricolor GP, the thickness of epidermis and dermis varied. Furthermore, tortoiseshell GP have thicker epidermis and dermis than tricolor GP. It can be concluded that coat color affects the skin condition as well as the thickness of epidermis and dermis. Based on the pigmentation pattern, tortoiseshell GP is promoted as the most suitable animal model to represent tropical human skin.
Tanda-tanda Ketoksikan pada Tikus Wistar dengan Administrasi Oral Subakut Ekstrak Kloroform Daun Lidah Mertua (Sansevieria trifasciata) Fitria, Laksmindra; Gunawan, Isma Cahya Putri; Sanjaya, Wilda Bunga Tina
Biota Vol 10 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Biota 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19109/biota.v10i2.20109

Abstract

Snake Plant (Sansevieria trifasciata) has been commonly used as traditional herbal medicine in addition to being ornamental plant and phytoremediation agent. Toxicity studies on pharmaceutical substances are required to assess the level of hazard and safety before processing as drugs. Conventional toxicity test focused on determining LD50, despite the fact that not all substances induce death in experimental animals. They might survive but suffering or get sick. This study aimed to evaluate safety level of oral administration of chloroform extract of S. trifasciata leaves (CESTL) for 28 days (subacute) in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) as model animal through the observation of clinical signs that lead to lethal and sublethal effects. The procedure referred to OECD Guideline No. 407 with the dose of CESTL was 1000 mg/kg bw (Limit Test). Adult female nulliparous Wistar rats were assigned into three groups which received CESTL, Tween 4 % (solvent for CESTL), or distilled water as control (placebo) 1 mL/individual/day. Parameters observed consisted of mortality, general physical examination, individual and social activity and behavior, body weight, body temperature, food intake, water consumption, fecal condition, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level. Results showed that no animals died or suffered as a result of CESTL poisoning. There were no significant differences in all parameters value among three groups, indicating that CESTL did not generate adverse effects on animal normal physiological condition. Thus, it can be concluded that CESTL at the dose of 1000 mg/kg bw is relatively safe for consumption during­ subacute period.
Co-Authors Abdul Razaq Chasani Aditya K. Karim Aditya Krishar Karim Andreas S. Budi, Andreas S. Anggoro Chandra Yulistiyanto Annisa Ridhowati Annisa Ridhowati, Annisa Cannadianti, Nadhira Cut M. Tiraya, Cut M. Diaz Ayu Anjani Dini Anggraini, Dini Eko Agus Suyono Eko Agus Suyono Epa Yohana Toga Torop Erlitaningsih, Ucik Gerald, Jeremia Gunawan, Isma Cahya Putri Hartantyo, Rahadian Yudo Helen Eko Putro Indah Permata Sari Indah Riwantrisna Dewi Indira Diah Utami Intan Woro Prawesti Intan Woro Prawesti, Intan Woro Isma Cahya Putri Gunawan Kholidatus Silmi Kindi Adam Kindi Adam Kristiawati, Dian Lia Lavi Illiy Lukitowati, Fajar Mahroos, Rifda El Maura Indria Meidianing Mayumi Hersasanti Meidianing, Maura Indria Meliala, Andreanyta Mulyati Mulyati Mulyati Mulyati Mulyati Mulyati Mulyati Mulyati Mulyati Sarto Mulyati Sarto Mulyati Sarto Mulyati Sarto Narwidina, Paramita Onny Nurrahman Marwayana Paul J. Kawatu Pricellita Nur’aivy Alvianti Putri Gunawan, Ismi Cahya Putri Nur Nur Aida Rahadian Yudo Rahadian Yudo Hartantyo Rahadian Yudo Hartantyo Rahadian Yudo Hartantyo Rosita Dwi Putri Suranto Rury Eprilurahman Sanjaya, Wilda Bunga Tina Septy Azizah Puspitasari Siswanto Slamet Widiyanto Slamet Widiyanto Sudesty, Shellya Puti Syifa’ Aulia Rahmah Tika Candra Dewi Wilda Bunga Tina Sanjaya Windah Dwi Nuraini Mappalotteng