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Prohibition of Child Recruitment as Soldiers: An International Regulatory Discourse Arumbinang, Mohammad Hazyar; Gunawan, Yordan; Salim, Andi Agus
Jurnal Media Hukum Vol 30, No 1: June 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jmh.v30i1.19322

Abstract

Children are frequently turned into child soldiers or used as human shields in armed conflicts. The use of child soldiers is condemned by all nations and is regarded as a grave breach of both children's rights and international humanitarian law. The paper aims to discuss pertinent provisions of international legal norms, particularly those that relate to child soldiers in the sequence of their adoption. Additionally, it presents the issue of the implementation of several international conventions on the issue of using child soldiers and its atrocities in the international community. As the result, when it comes to addressing the issue of child soldiers, the international legal sources do not present a consistent picture. There has been a various provision in the determination of minimum age of a child that led to major debates among international communities. The situation is further exacerbated by the fact that, while some countries have accepted the convention as binding on themselves, their implementation faces significant challenges, such as the fact that the majority of international treaties lack sanctioning power, limiting their ability to properly accomplish the preventive purpose.
Diseminasi Hukum Humaniter Internasional Dalam Upaya Menyebarkan Semangat Perdamaian Gunawan, Yordan; Pratama, Naufal Bagus
Jurnal Loyalitas Sosial: Journal of Community Service in Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): Jurnal Loyalitas Sosial: Journal of Community Service in Humanities and Social
Publisher : Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Pamulang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32493/JLS.v2i2.p85-94

Abstract

AbstrakHukum Humaniter Internasional (HHI), yang juga dikenal sebagai Hukum Kemanusiaan Internasional adalah salah satu cabang dari Hukum Internasional yang sangat penting untuk diketaui dan dipelajari, tidak hanya bagi Anggota Palang Merah, personil Militer serta Kepolisian, namun juga kepada seluruh masyarakat Indonesia, terutama para para pemuda. Perlunya program diseminasi sejak dini ini, adalah upaya untuk membatasi korban konflik bersenjata, menjamin dan melindungi korban konflik, menumbuhkan peran dalam kemanusian, dan menyebarkan semangat perdamaian. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini pada dasarnya merupakan tanggung jawab bagi seluruh negara peserta Konvensi-Konvensi Jenewa 1949, namun tentu saja negara akan banyak mengalami keterbatasan untuk menjangkau seluruh anggota masyakarat Indonesia, untuk itu diperlukanlah program pengabdian masyarakat berupa diseminasi HHI itu sendiri. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini akan menyasar para siswa SMA Muhammadiyah yang berada di Kota Yogyakarta. Kegiatan Diseminasi HHI ini akan berupa seminar dari narasumber yang merupakan pengajar dan pembelajar HHI dari Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, diskusi kelompok serta role play berupa TFG (Tactical Floor Game). Diharapkan setelah mengikuti program ini, peserta dapat memahami serta menjunjung tinggi penghormatan terhadap HHI dan perlindungan terhadap lambang palang merah dan bulan sabit merah, serta mampu mengaplikasikan ilmu yang didapat, terutama dalam proses penyelesaian konflik, menjunjung tinggi perdamaian, serta berperan aktif dalam aktifitas kemanusiaan.    
Nancy Pelosi's Diplomatic Visit Against US-Taiwan Military Agreement Provides China Threat Gunawan, Yordan; Mareto, Irvan
Indonesian Journal of Law and Society Vol 5 No 1 (2024): Social Justice in Transition: A Global Perspectives
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Jember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/ijls.v5i1.38214

Abstract

The Chinese government opposes the planned visit of the Chair of the House of Representatives of the United States (US) Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan. Beijing said the trip would endanger the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Bamboo Curtain state. China is known to claim Taiwan as part of its territory. But Taiwan has repeatedly stated that it is an independent state under the name of the Republic of China. Taiwan has always maintained that Beijing has never ruled it and has no right to speak on its behalf. One of China's efforts to "reunify" Taiwan, as was discussed by President Xi Jinping 2021, said that reunification is a historical mandate and must be fulfilled. China has a military that is superior to Taiwan because apart from taking contingency actions against Taiwan, it is also to face the United States military in the Indo-Pacific. The United States will seek to support a politically, militarily, and economically democratic Taiwan. The US does not have a dismal relationship with Taiwan. But he supports Taipei in dealing with Chinese threats. US President Joe Biden even stated that his state was ready to deploy force if China attacked Taiwan. Keywords: Nancy Pelosi, Diplomatic, One China Policy, Agreement
The Dark Side Of Fast Fashion: Examining The Exploitation Of Garment Workers In Bangladesh Gunawan, Yordan; Matahariza, Anandiva; Putri, Wiwit Kharisma
Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Vol 12, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Puslitbang Hukum dan Peradilan Mahkamah Agung RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25216/jhp.12.3.2023.441-468

Abstract

There have been several attempts to decrease the usage of fast fashion, but no one has been able to stop its development. We are aware that fast fashion is a business model that imitates the most recent catwalk trends, has evolved into high fashion, is produced in large quantities, and is priced affordably. Fast fashion has come under fire from a wide range of people due to the fact that no worker receives the minimum wage, yet products must be mass-produced. In addition to examining the legal and regulatory framework for protecting Bangladesh garment industry workers to fulfill their rights as laborers and how these rights are applied, this article looks at the shadowy side of fast fashion in Bangladesh. This paper elaborates on Bangladesh's experience in managing the situation of a garment industry building that collapsed in 2013, killing hundreds of people inside, using a normative analysis-oriented approach. This study demonstrates that Bangladesh's legal and regulatory framework for worker protection has yet to explicitly state what rights workers are entitled to. Another factor is that Bangladesh does not yet have a robust and consistent practice of human rights-based instruments considered in court and that law enforcement does not fully grasp how to execute these rights. At the same time, it is crucial to improve law enforcement interpretation for worker-focused solutions, giving their rights, and promoting human rights practices in Bangladesh.
THE VALIDITY OF TURKEY-LIBYA’S AGREEMENT ON MARITIME BOUNDARIES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW Yordan Gunawan; Verocha Jayustin Sastra; Adyatma Tsany Prakosa; Mutia Ovitasari; Lathifah Yuli Kurniasih
Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Vol 9, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Pusat Strategi Kebijakan Hukum dan Peradilan Mahkamah Agung RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25216/jhp.9.2.2020.170-185

Abstract

The conflicts between Turkey and Greece have been going on for a long time. Several conflicts caused tension between Turkey and Greece, such as the territory of Aegean, Cyprus, and other problems. The tension increased because the bilateral agreement between Turkey and Libya on the maritime boundaries of the Eastern Mediterranean, which signed in 2019, was opposed by Greece because the Agreement did not take into account the existence of the island which owned by Greece. The Agreement between Turkey and Libya made Greece furious because Greece considered that the action violated Greece’s sovereignty. The research aims to find out further about the validity of the agreement between Turkey and Libya on the maritime boundaries, which threatened Greece’s sovereignty. By using normative legal research, the research emphasizes the bilateral agreement between Turkey and Libya is invalid since it against the international law principles, namely sovereignty of states, good faith, good neighborhood, and Treaty of Amity and Cooperation. The paper will contribute to giving a theoretical understanding regarding aspects that need to be considered, outside the procedural aspects, when a state wants to make an agreement with another state, according to international law.
Empowering Overseas Indonesian Citizens: Voter Education Training for First-Time Voters Gunawan, Yordan; Genovés, Manuel Beltrán
Berdikari: Jurnal Inovasi dan Penerapan Ipteks Vol. 12 No. 2: August 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/berdikari.v12i2.21729

Abstract

This discussion focused on the participation of first-time Indonesian voters abroad, particularly in Spain, in the 2024 general election. These voters hold great potential to shape the political and policy direction of their home country but face challenges such as limited access to information and a lack of understanding of domestic politics. To address these issues, a community service program was implemented to provide targeted political education, leverage technology and social media, and foster collaboration with local Indonesian communities. The program's methods included a series of online workshops, informative social media campaigns, and partnerships with local organizations to enhance political literacy. The results of the program demonstrated a significant improvement in voter knowledge and engagement, with a marked increase in voter registration and political awareness among first-time voters compared to pre-program levels. This effort aims to ensure that the voices of all Indonesian citizens, regardless of location, are heard and contribute to the democratic process, ultimately strengthening Indonesia's democracy.
Challenging Impunity: Colombia and Nicaragua's Intervention in the Israeli Genocide Case at the ICJ Gunawan, Yordan; Prameswari, Elfa Rheanna; Himmaturrahmah, Himmaturrahmah
Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 18 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/fiatjustisia.v18no4.3593

Abstract

In 2023, Colombia and Nicaragua intervened in cases where Israel was accused of genocide. These interventions challenge the principle of impunity often enjoyed by powerful states. Colombia and Nicaragua have taken a stand against perceived injustices and sought to influence the course of the international legal process. This research used normative research methods, namely international law literature, legal documents, and previous ICJ decisions. This article analyzed the legal basis of the intervention and its impact on international law enforcement efforts related to genocide. This analysis is expected to contribute to the ongoing discussion in international law, particularly regarding state responsibility for the crime of genocide. This case challenges the practice of impunity in international law, particularly in relation to state actions deemed to violate human rights on a mass scale. This research also contributes to our understanding of the role of the ICJ in dealing with allegations of genocide, as well as the importance of small and medium-sized state interventions in fighting for international justice.
Iran’s Responsibility for the MV Mercer Street Attack under International Law Gunawan, Yordan; Anggoro Wati, Elvita; Corral, Eva Ferrer
Brawijaya Law Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2023): The Discourse of Civil and Political Rights in Theory and Practice
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.blj.2023.010.01.05

Abstract

The use of new technological developments in warfare, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones), has become a threat to international law due to the infliction of unnecessary suffering and injuries. In late July 2021, the MV Mercer Street, managed by Israeli-owned Zodiac Maritime, was attacked by three one-way drones while transiting on the high seas of Oman. In such a situation, international peace and security are threatened. Based on an investigation by U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) and all evidence available, the Group of Seven (G7) foreign ministers pointed to Iran as the state responsible for the attack. This conclusion was based on the fact that the vertical fin was identical to those seen on an Iranian-designed and manufactured one-way attack “kamikaze” UAV series. The investigations stated that Iran was actively involved. However, Iran rejected any responsibility for the attack. What is Iran’s responsibility for the MV Mercer Street incident from an international legal perspective? The research aims to determine the international legal perspective on the use of armed force. The study is normative legal research, in which the data are collected through a statutory approach and case approach. The result of the study shows Iran's responsibility is necessary for using armed drones as an advantage of new technologies that do not consider the principles of necessity and proportionality in armed conflict. Furthermore, the research provides an understanding of Iran's responsibility under international law regarding using armed forces against other states.
Violence in Abyei: Legal Implications of the Sudan-South Sudan Dispute Yordan Gunawan; Ahmad Zulfiqri A. Lalu
Brawijaya Law Journal Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024): The Role Of Human Rights on ASIA Pacific Policies and Strategies
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.blj.2024.011.02.06

Abstract

Peace and security in the Abyei region are still a tough challenge marked by a historic conflict involving a series of attacks that have caused many casualties. This research focuses on the analysis of dispute cases in South Sudan and also the legal implications of Sudan's dispute with South Sudan in the Abyei region. The materials used in this study include books, journals, and international conventions. This study used the normative legal research method and conducted a literature review approach by studying various reading sources through the internet in accordance with the problem being studied. The research found the legal implications of the conflict in Abyei with human rights violations with implications for the displacement and forced displacement of people in conflict areas. Although to achieve peace in the Abyei region, many countries have been involved as external facilitators, as well as international organizations such as the United Nations, through the establishment of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS).
Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia bagi Tersangka dan Terdakwa dalam Sistem Pemasyarakatan di Rutan Kelas IIA Kota Yogyakarta Gunawan, Yordan; Anggriani, Reni; Yusmiastuti, Tsaniya
Jurnal Dedikasi Hukum Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/jdh.v4i1.31423

Abstract

Kesadaran untuk mengakhiri stigma, diskriminasi, dan kekerasan terhadap manusia dengan alasan apa pun merupakan cita-cita luhur para pendiri bangsa sebagaimana terlihat dalam rumusan Pancasila, UUD 1945, dan beberapa peraturan peurndang-undangan lainnya di Indonesia. Salah satunya berkaitan dengan sistem pemasyarakatan yang mengedepankan konsep rehabilitasi dan reintegrasi sosial terhadap tersangka dan terdakwa. Tersangka dan terdakwa telah dipandang sebagai subjek dengan hak asasi yang melekat, sehingga harus dihormati dan dilindungi. Beberapa hak tersangka dan terdakwa yang diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana dan Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemasyarakatan, yang antara lain adalah hak untuk mendapatkan penyuluhan hukum, konsultasi hukum, dan bantuan hukum. Pusat Konsultasi dan Bantuan Hukum Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta bekerja sama dengan Rumah Tahanan Kelas IIA Kota Yogyakarta melaksanakan pengabdian hukum dalam rangka memastikan tahanan mengetahui dan menyadari hak-hak yang seharusnya mereka dapatkan hingga memfasilitasi para tahanan yang membutuhkan layanan berupa penyuluhan hukum, kosultasi hukum, dan bantuan hukum secara gratis.   Abstract Protection of Human Rights for Suspects and Defendants in the Correctional System at Class IIA Detention Center, Yogyakarta City.The fervent commitment to eradicate stigma, discrimination, and violence against individuals on any grounds stands as a lofty aspiration, echoing the principles enshrined in Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, and various legislative enactments. Of particular significance is the realm of the penal system, which espouses the principles of rehabilitation and social reintegration for individuals designated as suspects and defendants. These individuals are regarded as subjects possessing inherent human rights that demand due respect and protection. The delineation of the rights accorded to suspects and defendants is delineated within the framework of the Criminal Code and Law Number 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections. This legal corpus enumerates privileges such as the entitlement to legal counseling, legal consultation, and legal assistance. The Collaborative Initiative between the Legal Consultation and Assistance Center (PKBH) at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, and the Class IIA Detention Center in Yogyakarta City exemplifies a dedicated legal service endeavor. This involves facilitating detainees who require services such as legal counseling, legal consultation, and legal assistance, all provided free of charge.
Co-Authors Abdussalam, Muhammad Rafi Ade Armansyah Aditama, Setiyantoro Wahyu Adyatma Tsany Prakosa Ahmad Zulfiqri A. Lalu Aini, Rifa Ayu Nur Aisah Nur Aisah Nur Akbar Napitupulu, Ichwan Rizki Akbar, M. Fabian Alfarizi, M. Hanaan Aliza Mufida Amarta Yasyhini Ilka Haque Amarulia, Shafirah Ami Cintia Melinda Amirullah, Muhammad Nur Rifqi Ananda Prasetya Utami Anderson, Paulo Andres Andi Agus Salim Andi Rizal Ramadhan Anggoro Wati, Elvita Ansar, Muhammad Arya Ardhiawangsa, Fathiyya B’tari Pradipa Arif Budiman Armansyah, Ade Arumbinang, Mohammad Hazyar Asirwadana, Ewaldo Aulawi, Mohammad Haris Aulawi, Muhamad Haris Ayu Mega Rakhmawati Ayu Nopiyaranie Azham, Kevin Syahru Barbara Gunawan Barbara Gunawan Corral, Eva Ferrer Damayanti, Marselina Putri Debby Kemira Putri Drajat Dela Rinanda Putri Demas Abdi Islamey Desi Nur Cahya Kusuma Putri Devi Seviyana Devty, Stephanie Diva Aisya Safitri Dwilani Irrynta Dzakiyyah, Siti Asdilla Elfatia Ayu Kinasih Elvita Anggoro Wati Erbyandhana, Muhammad Afif Razak Farhansyah, Bagaskara Yonar Farman, Logi Fathi, Muhammad Fatimah Nuraini Fatra Alamsyah Fauziah Nauri Qisty Fauziah Nauri Qisty Fauziah, Nafiza Fawaz Muhammad Ihsan Febrila, Aldha Fernando, Danu Fikri, Imam Ikhsanul Fitriyanti, Fadia Gatot Priambodo, Gatot Genovés , Manuel Beltrán Genovés, Manuel Beltrán Ghiffara, Mustafad Ghiyats Amri Wibowo Gladis Tazaka Mustaqim Gultom, Qinnara Zegia Gumilang Tresna Nugraha Hafiz, Mohammad Bima Aoron Hafsari, Dhayu Ajeng Hardiyanti, Lista Arofa Himmaturrahmah, Himmaturrahmah Husada, Alfan Setya Putra Irrynta , Dwilani Irrynta, Dwilani Iwan Satriawan Jamilah Arifin Jayapraja, Labib Dianatadilaga Jayustin Sastra, Verocha Kalagita, Kevin Kania Dewi Kemira Putri Drajat, Debby Khairi, Muh Faqih Al Khairunnisa Khairunnisa Khasanah, Pentanita Uswatun King Faisal Sulaiman Kukuh Derajat Takarub Kurniasih, Lathifah Yuli Lago, Manuel Campos Lathifah Yuli Kurniasih Manuel Beltrán Genovés Mareto, Irvan Marselina Putri Damayanti Martinus Sardi Matahariza, Anandiva Meidista, Salsabilla Mita Amelia Mohammad Bima Aoron Hafiz Mohammad Haris Aulawi Mohammad Hazyar Arumbinang Mohammad Hazyar Arumbinang Mohammad Hazyar Arumbinang Mohammad Hazyar Arumbinang Moli Aya Mina Rahma Muhamat Ridho Yuliyanto Muhamat Ridho Yuliyanto Muhamat Ridho Yuliyanto Muhammad Nur Rifqi Amirullah Mulloh, Ahmad Fahmi Ilham Mutia Ovitasari Napitupulu, Ichwan Rizki Akbar Naufal Bagus Pratama Naufal Bagus Pratama Nazella Jeanny Andrian Nisa Nurhofipah Ramadani Novendra, Carissa Shifa Nur, Aisah Nurhaifa, Reksa Fikri Ode, Mahazanni Najwa Al-Asyifa Ovitasari, Mutia Pangestu, Rian Ade Permana, Vensky Ghaniiyyu Putri Prakosa, Adyatma Tsany Prameswari, Elfa Rheanna Pramono, Khansa Rizky Febrianti Prasetyo, Satya Bayu Pratama, Naufal Bagus Priambodo, Gatot Putra, Atha Esa Putra, Muh Raqi Pratama Putra, Muhammad Raqi Pratama Putri, Ayi Leoni Putri, Tefa Febiola Putri, Wiwit Kharisma Qisty, Fauziah Nauri Rahmanita, Fadhilah Ramadhan, Andi Rizal Ravenska Marchdiva Sienda Reni Anggriani, Reni Rettob, Abdullah Teguh Thamrin Rima Ayu Andriana Rinanda Putri, Dela Riyanto, Aisyah Ajeng Putri Rizaldy Anggriawan Rizaldy Anggriawan Safitri, Diva Aisya Salma Rahmi Pratiwi Saputra, Wisnu Prayogi Sardi, Martinus Sastra, Verocha Jayustin Setya, Putri Nurhaliza Anugerah Sigit Rosidi Siti Septiana K. Harun Sonya Whisler Refisyanti Syamsu, Andi Pramudya Syamsudin, Wa Ode Fithrah Az-zalia Tareq Muhammad Azis Elven Taufik, Muhammad Sulthan Faqih Tsaabita , Dinysia Dzakiyya Vensky Ghaniiyyu Putri Permana Verocha Jayustin Sastra Wardani, Rahmawati Mayta Yasir Perdana Ritonga Yusmiastuti, Tsaniya Zulfiani Ayu Astutik