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All Journal MANAJEMEN HUTAN TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Forest Management Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Aquacoastmarine bionature BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology ASPIRATOR Biota: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Majalah Geografi Indonesia Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Global Medical and Health Communication Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Jurnal Bioedukasi Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum Majalah Ilmiah Biologi BIOSFERA: A Scientific Journal Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Indonesian Aquaculture Journal Jurnal Ecolab Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Ichthyology) Jurnal Geologi Kelautan: Media Hasil Penelitian Geologi Kelautan Scripta Biologica Jurnal Wana Tropika Prosiding SNPBS (Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Biologi dan Saintek) Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan Interdisciplinary International Journal of Conservation and Culture AQUACOASTMARINE: Journal of Aquatic & Fisheries Sciences Berkala Ilmiah Biologi Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir, dan Perikanan Jurnal Wana Tropika Berita Biologi
SUWARNO HADISUSANTO
Faculty Of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Dentistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Analysis Distribution Patterns and Correlation of Ecological Characteristics Affecting the Existence of the Maleo Birds (Macrocephalon maleo) in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia: Distribution and Ecological Drivers of Maleo in Central Sulawesi Abd. Karim , Wahyudin; Hadisusanto, Suwarno; Wibawaning Astuti, Raden Roro Upiek Ngesti; Pudyatmoko, Satyawan
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 16 No. 01 (2026)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.16.01.08

Abstract

Macrocephalon maleo is an endemic bird species of Sulawesi that selects nesting sites based on specific environmental conditions, particularly optimal soil temperature, moisture, water content, soil weight, and texture (including clay, dust, and sand composition). However, studies examining the relationship between soil physical characteristics and microclimatic factors across multiple nesting sites remain limited. This study aims to analyze the distribution patterns and the correlation of ecological characteristics that influence the existence of maleo in Central Sulawesi. The research was conducted from February 2024 to March 2025 at seven locations with a total of 23 coordinate points, including nesting grounds near geothermal sources (Saluki, Lore Lindu National Park), coastal areas (Taima, Moilong, Batui, Ampana, and Balingara), and a riverbank area (Bukit Jaya). Field observations were carried out for 10 days at each location, during which 197 maleo birds were recorded. Maleo distribution patterns were analyzed using the Morisita Index, while the relationships between ecological factors and maleo presence were assessed using Pearson correlation analysis. The Morisita Index indicates a clumped distribution pattern, with values ranging from 2.0 to 5.0. The average sand temperatures recorded were 33.9°C in the geothermal area (Saluki TNLL); 35.0°C, 34.4°C, 35.4°C, 33.13°C, and 32.9°C in the coastal areas (Taima, Moilong, Batui, Ampana, and Balingara), and 36.1°C in the riverbank area (Bukit Jaya). The results indicate that soil-related ecological factors, particularly water content, soil texture, and sand weight, had a stronger influence on maleo presence than ambient microclimatic variables such as air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and light intensity. Soil texture influences water retention, aeration, heat absorption, and soil consistency. Sandy soils tend to absorb and release heat efficiently, thereby creating suitable incubation conditions for maleo eggs in natural nesting habitats.
Co-Authors Abd. Karim , Wahyudin Adi, Hanindyo Agatha Sih Piranti agus maryono Agustinus Murdjoko Agustinus Murdjoko Aisyah Hadi Ramadani Alanindra Saputra Aldawood, Abdulrahman Saad Alifa Varmlandia ALIM ISNANSETYO Amir Sidiq Anindya Kusumawati Arda dinata Arini Wijayanti Astuti, Raden Roro Upiek Ngesti Wibawaning Bahana Aditya Adnan Bambang Agus Kironoto Budi Mulyaningsih Dewi Puspita Sari Dewi Puspita Sari Dewi Puspita Sari Djoko Marsono Djoko Marsono Dulbahri Eko Haryono Emilya Nurjani Endang Puji Astuti Enggar Lestari Ervina Indrayani Farah Dewi Permatasari Fitria Ratna Pratiwi H.N., Kamiso Hanna Kawulur, Hanna Hanna S.I. Kawulur Hanna S.I. Kawulur, Hanna S.I. Heny Mayasari Setyoningrum, Heny Mayasari Hidayat Soesilohadi Istriyati I Istriyati I Istriyati Istriyati Kamiso H. N. Kamiso H.N. Kamiso Handoyo Nitimulyo Kamiso Handoyo Nitimulyo Kamiso Handoyo Nitimulyo KAMISO HANDOYO NITIMULYO Kharisma Dinda Islami Kresna Tri Dewi Laila Widi Utami Langgeng Wahyu Santosa Luli Gustiantini Luli Gustiantini M Widyastuti M. Sofwan Anwari, M. Sofwan Mahmed Sagi Mammed Sagi Mammed Sagi Mammed Sagi Mira Yosi Mira Yosi Mochammad Venly Ardion Muh Aris Marfai Muh Aris Marfai Muh Aris Marfai Muhamat, M Muhammad Sulaiman Nazar Nurdin Nazar Nurdin Netty Dahlah Uar Nurul Khakhim Nurul Khakhim Nurul Khakhim Pertiwi, Serly Andini Peter Gell PUGUH KARYANTO Puguh Sujarta Purnomo Purnomo Purnomo Purnomo Purnomo R.C. Hidayat Soesilohadi Raden Roro Upiek Ngesti Wibawaning Astuti Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo Rarastoeti Pratiwi Rina Puji Astuti Ronggo Sadono Rosita Tabaika, Rosita Rustadi Rustadi S. Djalal Tandjung Sagi , Mammed Satyawan Pudyatmoko Setefani Yulia Tiara Putri Sevina Rahmi Sigit Heru Murti Sitti Rahmah Umniyati Sri Puji Saraswati Sri Puji Saraswati Sudarmadji Sudarmadji Sudaryatno Sudaryatno Suhestri Suryaningsih Suhestri Suryaningsih Suhestri Suryaningsih Suhestri Suryaningsih Sukirno Sukirno Sumarna, Ardi Sunarto SUNARTO Sunyoto Sunyoto Suryaningsih , Suhestri Susintowati Susintowati, Susintowati Sutikno Sutikno Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati Tukidal Yunianto Wahyu Sartika, Heni Y. Andi Trisyono Yul Hendro Widodo Yusal, Muh Sri Zunnikah, Zunnikah