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All Journal CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Buletin Udayana Mengabdi Jurnal Sewaka Bhakti Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY RESEARCH Dharma Jnana

Ni Made Puspawati

Universitas Udayana

Author-ID : 2920749

Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Social Sciences Other

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AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETER KULIT BATANG TENGGULUN (Protium javanicum Burm) TERHADAP EDEMA PADA TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI DENGAN KARAGENAN A. A. Tia Santika Dewi; Ni Made Puspawati; Putu Suarya
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 9, no. 1 Januari 2015
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Stem bark of Tenggulun (Protium javanicum, Burm) has been used traditionally by Balinese people as anti-inflammatory agents. This research aimed to analyze phytochemical contents and to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of stem bark ether extract of Tenggulun. Phytochemical study was done qualitatively using phytochemical reagents. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on edema rats induced by carrageenan with given extract at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg b.w. Diclophenac sodium was used as the positive control. Phytochemical study revealed that the stem bark ether extracts consisted of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. Anti-inflammatory activity test results showed at a dose of 125 mg/kg b.w, the extract only inhibit inflammation by 34.54%, while a dose of 250 mg/kg b.w gave inhibition of inflammation by 94.34%, and a dose of 500 mg/kg b.w can inhibit inflammation by 96.11% during 360 minutes observation. Probit analysis gave ED50 value of 103.252 mg/kg B.W.

POTENSI EKSTRAK DAUN CENDANA (Santalum album L.) SEBAGAI SENYAWA PENGHAMBAT JAMUR Candida albicans K. Swandiyasa; N. M. Puspawati; I. A. R. A. Asih
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol.13 No.2 Juli 2019
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Diseases caused by C. albicans (C. albicans) such as mouth, skin and nail diseases are still commonly found in Indonesia. This study aimed to examine antifungal activity of n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol extracts of Santalum album (S.album) leaves in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of the most active extract as well as to identify their active compounds. Antifungal activity testing was carried out using disc diffusion method and identification of active compound was performed using LC-MS /MS. Extraction of 1 kg sandalwood leaf powder with methanol yielded 86.80 gram of crude methanol extract. Partiiton 40 gram of the crude methanol extract with n-hexane, chloroform, and n-buthanol gave 12.60, 6.20 and 1.20 g of extracts respectively. The antifungal activity test results revealed that n-hexane extract was the most active in inhibiting the growth of C.albicans with inhibitory diameter of 13 mm as compared to chloroform 9 mm and n-buthanol 8 mm. The active n-hexane extract which is active as an antifungal is then made various variations to obtain a minimum inhibitory. The n-hexane extract, at concentrations of 95, 90 and 85% inhibited the growth of C.albican with inhibitory diameter of 12.04, 15.8, and 13 mm respectively. While at the concentarion of 80 % showed minimum inhibitory diameter of 9.32 mm. Based on analysis mass spectra of two peaks of LC-MS / MS chromatogram with MassLynx V4.1 programe and Chemspider web database suggested the presence of benzofurazan and picolylamine compounds which may contribute to the antifungal activityof n-hexane extract of S.album. Keywords: Sandalwood (Santalum album L.), antifungal, C. albicans, n-Hexane, LC-MS/MS

Upaya Peningkatan Penguasaan Guru SD dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan Penulisan Karya Tulis Ilmiah Melalui Pelatihan D.P.E. Nilakusmawati; K. Sari; N.M. Puspawati
Buletin Udayana Mengabdi Vol 15 No 1 (2016): Jurnal Udayana Mengabdi
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat

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Overall this IbM program aimed to improve the competence of the teachers in cluster V Karangasem district in Classroom Action Research (CAR) and writing scientific articles through training and mentoring efforts. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of mastery of elementary School teachers about CAR and writing scientific articles through training efforts. The training was conducted over three days, discussed the subjects: Basic Concepts of CAR; Steps of CAR; Designing CAR; CAR report; and Writing Scientific Articles. Participants are elementary school teachers from seven schools in Cluster V Karangasem district, with a total of 33 participants. The design of this research is one group pretest-posttest. Pre-test and post-test consists of ten questions about CAR and ten questions about the scientific articles. To determine whether the increased mastery of teachers on CAR and scientific papers after the training is given, then the t-test with significance level of 5% are applied. The results of the analysis showed that there is a significant improvement of teachers mastery after the procurement trained. The average teachers mastery on pre-test is 43.64 and post-test is 60.15. By Providing training, increase the mastery of teachers about CAR and scientific articles about 37.85 percent.

In Vitro Evaluation Of Antioxidant Activity Of Flavonoid Compounds From Terong Belanda Ida Ayu Raka Astiti Asih; Ni Made Puspawati; Wiwik Susanah Rita
Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine Vol 1 No 2 (2017): JHSM (September 2017)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University

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Terong belanda (Solanum betaceum, cav), is a fruit that has nutrients and vitamins which are essential for health of human body and it is believed to have a potent antioxidant activity. This research aimed to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity of flavonoid compounds isolated from Terong belanda. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH method. Identification of flavonoids was done using Infrared and UV–Vis Spectrophotometers. Extraction of ten (10) kg terong belanda fruits with ethanol gave of 126.17 g peels extract, 178.44 g flesh, and 253.11 g seed extracts respectively. Phytochemical test showed both peels, flesh, and seed extracts of Terong belanda contained flavonoids. Antioxidant activity test showed peels, flesh, and seeds extracts exhibited antioxidant activity with IC50 of 68,14 ppm, 621.45 ppm, and 1162.608 ppm respectively. Separation and purification of these three active extracts using column chromatography gave each one isolate which positive flavonoid on phytochemical test. Infrared spectra of each isolate from peels, flesh, and seed were similar and each revelaed to contain the same functional groups (OH alcohol, CH aromatic, C=O, C=C, and CH aliphatic). Analysis of UV-Vis spectra and its spectra with shifting reagents of the peels isolates gave absorption at the wavelength range of 310-330 nm (Bans I ) and 245-275 nm (bands II) due to isoflavones group with a hydroxy group at C6, C7 or C7, C8 and C3', C 4 ' while flesh and seed gave absorption at 300-330 nm (bands I) and 275-295 nm (bands II) that indicated the class of flavanones with hydroxyl groups at C-2', C-5', C-6' and Oglycoside at C7 for flessh and hydroxyl group at C6, C7 or C7, C8 for the seed.

SCREENING POTENTIAL ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES DERIVED FROM GERMINATED LABLAB BEAN, PIGEON PEA AND KIDNEY BEAN Ketut Ratnayani; Indriani Wisnu Susanto Panjaitan; Ni Made Puspawati
Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2017): JHSM (Febuary 2017)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services Udayana University

Abstract Protein hydrolysate contains a mixture of various lengths of short peptides chain and free amino acids that may excert biological activities. This research aims to screen potential antioxidant and antibacterial activities of protein hydrolysate produced from three kinds of germinated beans i.e. lablab bean (Lablab purpureus), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) through enzymatic hydrolysis process. The steps of research included germination process of the beans prior to total protein isolation, enzymatic hydrolysis of total protein isolates using pancreatin enzyme, evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates protein using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) method, and antibaterial activity testing towards Eschericia coli and Staphyllococcus aureus bacteria. The results revealed that pancreatine enzyme was able to hydrolyse germinated protein of lablab bean, pigeon pea and kidney bean at the experiment condition applied with degree of hydrolysis 34.12%, 27.44%, and 30,93% respectively. It was also found that protein hydrolysates of lablab bean, pigeon pea, and kidney bean demonstrated antioxidant activity which percentage radical DPPH scavenging activity of 84.02%, 68.97% and 67.89 %. On the other hand, all of those protein hydrolysates did not show any antibacterial activity towards Eschericia coli and Staphyllococcus aureus bacteria.

AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN TREMBESI (SAMANEA SAMAN (JACQ.) MERR) TERHADAP STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Ni Ketut Sinarsih; Wiwik Susanah Rita; Ni Made Puspawati
International Journal of Applied Chemistry Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/ijacr.v3i1.32860

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan aktivitas antibakteri fraksi-fraksi dari hasil partisi ekstrak etanol daun trembesi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus, yang meliputi ekstraksi daun trembesi dengan pelarut etanol, partisi menggunakan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat, dan n-butanol, penentuan daya hambat fraksi hasil partisi, serta penentuan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dari fraksi yang menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan terbaik untuk menghambat pertumbuhan S. Aureus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 2000 gram sampel diperoleh ekstrak kental sebanyak 160 gram. Proses partisi menghasilkan empat fraksi yaitu fraksi n-heksan yang berwarna hijau tua, fraksi etil-asetat yang berwarna hijau kecoklatan, fraksi n-butanol yang berwarna coklat tua, dan fraksi air yang berwarna coklat pekat. Dari keempat fraksi, hanya fraksi n-butanol yang memberikan efek penghambatan terhadap S. aureus secara in vitro pada media Mueller Hinton, yaitu sebesar 19,3 mm pada konsentrasi 15%. Pada konsentrasi tersebut, aktivitas antibakteri fraksi n-butanol dapat dikategorikan kuat terhadap S. aureus. Pengujian KHM dilakukan pada tiga konsentrasi yaitu 0,5; 1; dan 1,5% dengan diameter hambat aktivitas antibakteri secara berturut -turut sebesar 0 mm; 7,3 mm; dan 9,2 mm.

PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DIMASA PANDEMI COVID 19 DENGAN PELATIHAN PENGEMASAN PRODUK LOLOH DAUN SEMBUNG (BLUMEA BALSAMIFERA) DI BANJAR DINAS APIT YEH KAJA, DESA MANGGIS KABUPATEN KARANGASEM Sri Wahjuni; Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba; Ni Made Puspawati; I. A Raka Astiti Asih
Jurnal Dharma Jnana Vol. 1 No. 3 (2021): JURNAL DHARMA JNANA
Publisher : Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

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Tanaman sembung (Blumea balsamifera) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat Indonesia yang daunnya secara tradisional telah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Bali sebagai loloh (minuman herbal), untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit seperti batuk, pilek, demam, nyeri haid, maag, diare, rematik, diabetes, dan menjaga kesehatan jantung. Pengabdian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan pengetahuan melalui sosialisasi dan pelatihan kepada masyarakat PKK Banjar Apit Yeh Desa Manggis Karangasem tentang manfaat, pembuatan dan formulasi loloh sembung beserta kemasannya. Dalam pengabdian yang dilakukan, untuk menghasilkan satu botol loloh sembung dalam kemasan 300 mL, formulasi yang digunakan adalah 5 (lima) lembar daun sembung yang masih segar dan bersih terlebih dahulu dihaluskan dengan blender kemudian ditambahkan dengan tiga gelas air bersih (600 mL,) selanjutnya direbus sampai volume air tersisa 300 mL. Setelah air rebusan daun sembung dingin, kemudian disaring, dikemas ke dalam botol 300 mL, diberi label, dan siap untuk dipasarkan. Pemasaran dapat dilakukan melalui media sosial seperti Instagram, grup WhatsApp, dan Facebook.

PENENTUAN NILAI KM DAN VMAKS DARI ENZIM PAPAIN DALAM HIDROLISIS KONSENTRAT PROTEIN AMPAS TAHU Oka Ratnayani; Sakinatul Fatimah; Ketut Ratnayani; Ni Made Puspawati
CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Vol 10 No 2 (2022): Cakra Kimia (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry)
Publisher : Graduate Program of Applied Chemistry, Udayana University, Bali-INDONESIA

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ABSTRAK: Sisa kandungan protein dalam ampas tahu yang masih cukup tinggi perlu dioptimalkan pemanfaatannya dengan cara mengisolasi komponen protein tersebut sehingga diperoleh konsentrat protein ampas tahu dan digunakan sebagi substrat untuk produksi hidrolisat protein. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kemampuan enzim papain dalam menghidrolisis konsentrat protein ampas tahu yaitu dengan menentukan nilai Km (Konstanta Michaelis-Menten) dan Vmaks (Kecepatan Maksimum). Tahap penelitian diawali isolasi protein total sehingga diperoleh konsentrat proteinnya.yang selanjutnya dihidrolisis secara parsial dengan enzim papain sehingga diperoleh produk hidrolisat protein. Proses isolasi protein ampas tahu menggunakan sampel ampas tahu segar dengan metode ekstraksi alkalik dilanjutkan dengan presipitasi isoelektrik mampu menghasilkan serbuk konsentrat protein dengan nilai kadar protein mencapai 50,36% sehingga memenuhi syarat sebagi konsentrat protein. Hasil penentuan nilai Km dan Vmaks enzim papain dalam menghidrolisis substrat konsentrat protein ampas tahu memperoleh nilai Km sebesar 237,0229 mg/mL dan nilai Vmaks sebesar 5,1975 mg/mL/menit. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa enzim papain mampu menghidrolisis konsentrat protein ampas tahu sehingga menghasilkan produk hidrolisat protein ampas tahu. ABSTRACT: The remaining protein content in tofu dregs is still quite high, so that its utilization can be optimized by isolating the protein component to obtain the protein concentrate that can be used as a substrate for the production of protein hydrolysates. This study aimed to determine the ability of the papain enzyme to hydrolyze the protein concentrate of tofu dregs through determining the values ??of Km (Michaelis-Menten constant) and Vmax (Maximum Speed). The research steps began with the total protein isolation to obtain the protein concentrate, which was then partially hydrolyzed with papain enzymes to produce protein hydrolysate. The isolation of the tofu dregs protein from fresh tofu dregs samples was done by using an alkaline extraction method followed by isoelectric precipitation resulted in protein concentrate powder with a protein content value of 50.36%, so that it qualified as a protein concentrate. The determination of Km and Vmax values of the papain enzyme in hydrolyzing the protein concentrate substrate of tofu dregs obtained a Km value of 237.0229 mg/mL and a Vmax value of 5.1975 mg/mL/minute. This showed that the papain enzyme was able to hydrolyze the tofu dregs protein concentrate to produce a tofu protein hydrolyzate product.

POTENSI EKSTRAK n-BUTANOL DAUN TENGGULUN (Protium javanicum Burm. F.) DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus N. M. Puspawati; G. A. G. Indukirana; I M. Sukadana
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 17, No.1, Januari 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JCHEM.2023.v17.i01.p13

Staphyloccocus aureus merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab penyakit menular di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi komponen senyawa yang terdapat pada ekstrak n-butanol daun tenggulun (Protium javanicum Burm. F.) dan mengidentifikasi konsentrasi hambat minimum yang menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S.aureus. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah maserasi. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode sumur difusi dan dentifikasi senyawanya menggunakan LC-MS/MS (Liquid Mass Spectrometry-Tandem Mass Spectrometry). Serbuk daun tenggulun sebanyak 1 kg dimaserasi dengan metanol, menghasilkan 90,58 g ekstrak kental metanol yang dipartisi dengan n-butanol. Ekstrak n-butanol pekat pada konsentrasi 20% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan S.aureus secara kuat dengan dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 16,66 mm dan memiliki konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) sebesar 8,75 mm pada konsentrasi 1%. Pemisahan komponen senyawa pada ekstrak n-butanol dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi kolom dengan silika gel sebagai fase diam dan fase gerak etil asetat : asam asetat : asam formiat : air dengan perbandingan 10 : 1 : 1 : 2,6 , dimana hasil pemisahannya diperoleh 5 fraksi gabungan (FA, FB, FC, FD, FE). Dalam penelitian ini hanya Fraksi A dan E yang relatif murni secara kromatografi lapis tipis. Hasil identifikasi fraksi A dengan LC-MS/MS, diduga mengandung senyawa Kokamidropropil betain, 2-feniletanol dan Morin. Sementara itu pada fraksi E diduga mengandung senyawa Rutin. Kata Kunci: antibakteri, daun tenggulun (Protium javanicum Burm. F), LC MS/MS, Staphylococcus aureus. ABSTRACT One of the microorganisms that causes infectious disorders in Indonesia is Staphyloccocus aureus (S.aureus). According to preliminary research Tenggulun leaves can prevent the growth of S.aureus. In order to stop the growth of S.aureus, this study was set out to estimate the minimum inhibitory concentration of an n-butanol extract from tenggulun leaves (Protium javanicum Burm. F.) and to characterize its components. Maceration was utilized to extract the tenggulun leaves, agar well diffusion method was used to test for antibacterial activity, and Liquid Mass Spectrometry-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was applied to identify the chemicals. One kilogram of tenggulun leaf powder was macerated in metanol to produce 90.58 grams of thick methanol extract divided among with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol to be partitioned. The growth of S.aureus bacteria could be inhibited by the concentrated n-butanol extract at a concentration of 20% with an inhibition diameter of 16.66 mm and the minimum inhibitory concentration of 1% was 8.5 mm. By using column chromatography based on silica gel as the stationary phase and ethyl acetate : acetic acid : formic acid : water in the ratio of 10 : 1 : 1 : 2.6 as the mobile phases, the component of chemicals in the n-butanol extract were separated into 5 mixed fractions (FA, FB , FC, FD, FE). Only relatively pure fractions A used in this study to be identified using a thin layer chromatography. According to the results of the LC-MS/MS, identification of fraction A, it was assumed that this fraction comprised the substances of Cocamidropropyl betaine, 2-phenylethanol, and 2-(2,4-Morin. Meanwhile, the fraction E contained the substance of Rutin. Keywords: antibacterial, LC MS/MS, tenggulun (Protium javanicum Burm. F), Staphylococcus aureus.

SEARCH FOR TOXIC EXTRACT COMPOUNDS IN TARO LEAF ETHANOL (Colocasia esculenta L) BY BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST METHOD Simalango, N. T. H.; Puspawati, N. M.; Sukadana, I M.
Jurnal Kimia (Journal of Chemistry) Vol. 18, No.2, Juli 2024
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia

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Colocasia esculenta L yang dikenal sebagai Talas merupakan tanaman herba menahun yang secara tradisional seluruh bagian tanaman dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat. Pada peneltian ini, toksisitas ekstrak etanol daun talas dan hasil partisinya diuji dan kandungan senyawa aktif pada ekstrak yang paling toksik diidentifikasi. Pengujian toksisitas dilakukan dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) dan identifikasi senyawa aktif dengan Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sampel daun talas sebanyak 1 kg dimaserasi dengan etanol 96% menghasilkan 60,01 g ekstrak kental etanol yang bersifat toksik dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 89,52 ppm. Toksisitas hasil partisi ekstrak etanol dengan pelarut n- heksana, etil asetat, n-butanol, dan air memberikan nilai LC50 berturut-turut 68,13; 191,69; 425,80; dan 678,36 ppm sehingga ekstrak n-heksana dapat dikatakan bersifat paling toksik dibandingkan ekstrak lainnya. Pemisahan senyawa aktif pada ekstrak n-heksana dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi kolom dengan silica gel sebagai fase diam dan dielusi secara gradien dengan fase gerak n-heksana dan kloroform menghasilkan 12 fraksi gabungan dengan toksisitas yang relatif tinggi terdapat pada fraksi C dan D dengan nilai LC50 berturut-turut 23,88 dan 106,18 ppm. Fraksi aktif C diduga mengandung senyawa N,N-dimetil-2- [6- metil-2-(4-metilphenil) imidazol [1,2-a] piridin-3-il] asetamide (zolpidem) dan pada fraksi D diduga mengandung senyawa asam (9Z,12Z,15Z)- oktadeka-9,12,15-trienoat (asam linolenat). Kata Kunci: Artemia salina Leach, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), Colocasia esculenta L, daun talas, toksisitas ABSTRACT Colocasia esculenta L, known as taro, is a perennial herb traditionally used in its entirety for medicinal purposes. This study tested the toxicity of taro leaf ethanol extract and its fractions, and identified the active compounds in the most toxic extract. Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) was used to test for toxicity, and LC-MS/MS was used to identify active compounds. A sample of 1 kg of taro leaves was macerated with 96% ethanol, yielding 60.01 g of toxic ethanol extract with an LC50 value of 89.52 ppm. Toxicity partitioning of the ethanol extracts using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water as solvents gave LC50 values of 68.13, 191.69, 425.80 and 678.36 ppm, respectively, indicating that the n-hexane extract was the most toxic. Separation of the active compounds in the n-hexane extract was performed using column chromatography with silica gel as the stationary phase and gradient elution with n-hexane and chloroform as the mobile phases, resulting in 12 combined fractions. The fractions with relatively high toxicity were fractions C and D with LC50 values of 23.88 and 106.18 ppm respectively. The active fraction C may contain the compound N,N-dimethyl-2-[6-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazole [1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]acetamide (zolpidem) and the fraction D probably contains compounds (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15- trienoic acid (linolenic acid). Keywords: Artemia salina Leach, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), Colocasia esculenta L, taro leaves, toxicity

Co-Authors A A I Rahma Prabawanti A. A. Bawa Putra A. A. Tia Santika Dewi Anak Agung Istri Agung Mayun Laksmiwati Arisma Damayanti Ashri Rizki Hidayati Desak Putu Eka Nilakusmawati Dewa Ayu Indra Dewi Diah Prihatiningsih G. A. G. Indukirana Gusti Ayu Primandari Utami Haqqika Pasha Helen Helda Prastika I G. P. Sukmajaya A. P. T. I Gede Tangkas Mei Yasa I Gusti Putu Agus Ferry S.P. I K. D. Yasa I M, Sukadana I M. Sukadana I Made Dira Swantara I Made Oka Adi Parwata I Made Sudarsana I Nengah Simpen I Nyoman Suarsana I Nyoman Sumerta Miwada I Nyoman Widana I Wayan Karta I Wayan Pramana Eka Putra I Wayan Suirta I. A Raka Astiti Asih I. A. Gede Widihati I. A. R. Astiti Asih IDA AYU ASTARINI Ida Ayu Gede Widihati Ida Ayu Putu Sri Adnyasari Ida Bagus Putra Mahardika Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba Indriani Wisnu Susanto Panjaitan Irdhawati Irdhawati James Sibarani K. Sari K. Swandiyasa Ketut Ratnayani Ketut Ratnayani Komang Ardipa Saputra M. G. Agus Mandana Mahardika Aprilia Iflahah Manuntun Manurung N. K. Gumiati N. L. P. F. Widiari N. W. Bogoriani Ni G. A. M. Dwi Adhi Suastuti Ni Ketut Puspa Sari Ni Ketut Sinarsih Ni Ketut Sinarsih Ni Komang Ariati Ni Luh Putu Mega Wahyuni Ni Luh Putu Putri Setianingsih Ni Luh Putu Suciptawati Ni Luh Rustini Ni Made Suaniti Ni Putu Adriani Astiti Ni Putu Diantariani Ni Putu Rahayu Kusuma Pratiwi Ni Putu Rusma Eva Arista Ni Putu Widayanti Ni Wayan Deswiniyanti Ni Wayan Oktarini A.C.Dewi Oka Ratnayani Oscar Yonathan Hambiyono P. P. Dewi Paramartha, I. D. G. Y. Putu Puspita Sari Putu Sariningsih Putu Suarya Riana Dyah Suryaningrum Riski Fatur Rachman Saeful Bahri Sakinatul Fatimah Simalango, N. T. H. Sri Rahayu Santi Sri Wahjuni Sri Wahjuni Tutut Hardikawati Wijaya, P. S. Wiwik Susana Rita WIWIK SUSANAH RITA Yenni Ciawi

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