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All Journal Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan dan Kelautan Marine Fisheries: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Perikanan Laut Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis Seminar Nasional Aplikasi Teknologi Informasi (SNATI) ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Saintek Perikanan : Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology POSITRON Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Jurnal Kelautan : Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Jurnal Teknik Sipil Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Journal of Applied Geospatial Information JURNAL ENGGANO Omni-Akuatika BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Jurnal Otomasi Kontrol dan Instrumentasi Marine Research in Indonesia Bawal : Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap Jurnal Kelautan Nasional International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) Jurnal Geologi Kelautan: Media Hasil Penelitian Geologi Kelautan Jurnal Riset Jakarta Jurnal Chart Datum Jurnal Risalah Kebijakan Pertanian dan Lingkungan Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi TRANSPUBLIKA INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH IN EXACT SCIENCES (TIRES) Jurnal Rekayasa elektrika Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan Policy Brief Pertanian, Kelautan, dan Biosains Tropika Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir, dan Perikanan Journal of Fisheries & Marine Jurnal Perikanan The International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES)
Henry Munandar Manik
Departemen Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan, Fakultas Perikanan Dan Ilmu Kelautan, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Library & Information Science Mathematics Physics Social Sciences Other

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Analisis Distribusi dan Densitas Ikan di Laut Banggai Menggunakan Metode Hidroakustik dan Visualisasi GIS-Dashboard Windra, Alivio; Manik, Henry Munandar; Somantri, Lili
BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap Vol 16, No 1 (2024): (APRIL) 2024
Publisher : Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Sorong

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/bawal.16.1.2024.11-22

Abstract

Estimasi stok ikan berupa distribusi dan densitasnya, sangat penting untuk manajemen perikanan tangkap suatu kawasan perairan. Teknologi hidroakustik umumnya digunakan untuk mengestimasi stok ikan secara real time. Pada tahun 2022, BRIN dan IPB melakukan pengukuran data akustik di Laut Banggai sebagai bagian dari "Banggai Upwelling Dynamics Exploration and Experiment" untuk mengestimasi stok ikan. Hasil analisis hidroakustik menunjukkan, total densitas ikan di Laut Banggai adalah 527.914 ikan km-2. Ikan berukuran sangat kecil (< 12 cm) memiliki densitas tertinggi yakni 292.471 ikan km-2, sedangkan ikan berukuran kecil (12 cm - 28 cm) dan berukuran besar (28 cm - 58 cm) masing-masing memiliki densitas 98.472 ikan km-2 dan 124.519 ikan km-2. Ikan berukuran sangat besar (> 58 cm) hanya memiliki densitas 12.452 ikan km-2. Ikan lebih banyak ditemukan di perairan timur Pulau Banggai dan perairan utara Pulau Taliabu. Lapisan epipelagik (0 hingga -200 meter) memiliki potensi terbesar, dengan densitas ikan tertinggi pada kategori ikan berukuran sangat kecil, diikuti oleh ikan berukuran besar dan berukuran kecil. Untuk meringkas hasil analisis distribusi dan densitas ikan, data dan informasi divisualisasikan lewat GIS-Dashboard. Dashboard dapat mengintegrasikan tampilan peta serta grafik, dan menyajikan informasi dengan lebih menarik dan lebih mudah dipahami. Dashboard memberikan gambaran menyeluruh tentang informasi distribusi spasial ikan di Laut Banggai, sehingga penggunaan GIS-Dashboard sangat bermanfaat dalam kegiatan manajemen perikanan.
Pendekatan Akustik Solusi Dampak Polusi Suara Bawah Air Terhadap Biota Alut Manik, Henry M
Policy Brief Pertanian, Kelautan, dan Biosains Tropika Vol 3 No 1 (2021): Policy Brief Pertanian, Kelautan dan Biosains Tropika
Publisher : Direktorat Kajian Strategis dan Reputasi Akademik IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/agro-maritim.0301.162-166

Abstract

Saat ini peningkatan perhatian banyak dilakukan terhadap konsekuensi ekologis terhadap polusi suara bawah air yang diakibatkan aktivitas manusia seperti perhubungan laut menggunakan kapal dan industri maritim seperti eksplorasi minyak dan gas, sistem sonar, pengerukan, dan konstruksi bangunan laut. Dampak aktivitas tersebut berkaitan dengan biota laut, habitat terumbu karang, mamalia laut. Hal ini merupakan isu global yang sangat penting. Paper ini memberikan solusi untuk dapat mendeteksi dan mengkuantifikasi dampak polusi suara terhadap biota laut yang dapat diimplementasikan untuk melindungi biota dan ekosistem laut menggunakan pendekatan teknologi akustik. Paper ini juga memberikan arah dan perencanaan terhadap riset masa depan (frontier) untuk menyediakan data saintifik dan regulasi polusi suara terhadap biota laut.
Karakteristik Proses Pendangkalan Gelombang Soliter Internal di Sisi Utara Perairan Laut Flores Putra, I Wayan Sumardana Eka; Atmadipoera, Agus Saleh; Manik, Henry Munandar; Harsono, Gentio; Purwandana, Adi
Jurnal Kelautan Nasional Vol 19, No 2 (2024): Agustus
Publisher : Pusat Riset Kelautan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jkn.v19i2.14049

Abstract

Kemunculan Gelombang Soliter Internal (GSI) di Laut Flores sering kali tertangkap oleh citra satelit dengan pusat pembangkitan yang berasal dari Selat Ombai. Namun, belum ada penelitian yang mengungkap secara detail nasib fenomena tersebut sesaat setelah dibangkitan. Karakteristik GSI tersebut diselidiki berdasarkan kemunculannya pada Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) dan citra kolom air (Water Coloum Imaging-WCI) peralatan akustik hidrografi (multibeams echosounders-MBES) saat kegiatan Ekspedisi Jala Citra (EJC) 3-2023 di Perairan Flores pada tanggal 25 April 2023. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisa dan mengungkapkan nasib perambatan GSI dari Selat Ombai hingga mengalami pendangkalan dan pemecahan di perairan Teluk Bone, Sulawesi. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan data hasil perekaman citra satelit dan peralatan akustik hidrografi (MBES). Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa Perairan Teluk Bone dikarekteristikan sebagai lokasi propagasi, pendangkalan dan pemecahan yang berasal dari pembangkitan GSI di Selat Ombai. Nilai amplitudo GSI yang mengalamai pendangkalan di Teluk Bone dikarakterisasi berubah menjadi 4-10 kali lebih kecil dari pusat pembangkitan GSI (Selat Ombai) akibat perubahan kedalaman dan memecah akibat menabrak dinding tebing/lereng topografi dasar laut dan diduga berubah menjadi boluses. Karakteritik massa air saat kenampakan GSI di Laut Flores tanggal 25 April 2023 di dominasi oleh massa air Samudera Pasifik yang terbawa oleh Arlindo dari Selat Makassar. Kemunculan GSI juga merubah struktur kolom air yaitu suhu, salinitas dan densitas yang merupakan faktor penting dalam propagasi akustik serta berimplikasi terhadap proses kegiatan maritim di Perairan Indonesia.
KOREKSI MISTIE PADA SEISMIK SINGLE CHANNEL MENGGUNAKAN SINGLE BEAM ECHOSOUNDER DI PERAIRAN BINTAN SELATAN Zahran, Hafizh; Manik, Henry Munandar; Zulfikar, Muhammad; Nurdin, Nazar
JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN Vol 22, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi Kelautan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/jgk.22.2.2024.918

Abstract

Seismik merupakan metode eksplorasi geologi bawah laut dengan menggunakan penjalaran gelombang akustik sehingga dapat menggambarkan bentuk dan lapisan bawah permukaan dasar laut. Pada pengolahan data seismik, penjalaran gelombang yang merambat dari pengirim menuju penerima akan menghasilkan kedalaman yang berbeda dengan kondisi sebenarnya yang ada di lapangan. Perbedaan kedalaman yang terjadi pada jalur lintasan seimik yang berpotongan biasa disebut mistie. Kesalahan mistie pada data seismik jika tidak diperbaiki, akan menghasilkan bentuk stratigrafi yang salah dan kesalahan pada saat interpretasi data seismik. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis kedalaman dasar laut yang diperoleh dari single beam echosounder (SBES) dan seismik serta perbedaan kedalaman pada dasar laut di jalur seismik yang berpotongan. Data kedalaman yang diperoleh dari single beam echosounder (SBES) dilakukan koreksi pasang surut dan digunakan sebagai data acuan pada seismik. Data kedalaman yang diolah dilakukan interpolasi dengan menggunakan metode kriging. Hasil kedalaman yang diperoleh pada Perairan Bintan dengan menggunakan single beam echosounder (SBES) didapatkan nilai kedalaman berkisar 1 hingga 27 meter dan pengukuran seismik berkisar 4,5 meter hingga 30 meter. Mistie yang terjadi pada tiap jalur lintasan memiliki nilai lebih dari 1,5 meter. Data kedalaman dari single beam echosounder (SBES) yang telah dilakukan koreksi pasang surut dapat mengatasi mistie pada jalur seismik yang berpotongan.
ZOOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION FROM BACKSCATTER DATA OF ADCP INSTRUMENT IN WEST SUMATRA WATERS Napitupulu, Gandhi; Farihah, Rizqi Ayu; Manik, Henry Munandar; Larasati, Oktavira Dwi Demia; Napitupulu, Moses; Bernawis, Lamona Irmudyawati; Radjawane, Ivonne Milichristi; Kusmanto, Edi
BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY Vol 39, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Marine Geological Institute of Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32693/bomg.39.2.2024.871

Abstract

Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) conventionally used to monitor ocean current profiles and potentially detect zooplankton distribution remains largely unexplored. Zooplankton are key consumers in the marine food chain, therefore understanding their distribution is critical. This study aims to map the distribution of zooplankton in West Sumatra waters using ADCP backscatter data. Data analyzed encompass ocean current measurements, backscatter, and conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiles collected from March 1 to 3, 2017. Raw ADCP digital counts were converted into mean volume backscattering strength (MVBS) in dB using sonar equations, proportional to zooplankton biomass. The conversion process involved corrections for sound attenuation due to distance and water absorption, ADCP transducer angle correction, and noise correction. Processing results revealed zooplankton distribution in raw ADCP data ranging from 20 to 160 counts and in MVBS data spanning -140 dB to -40 dB. MVBS values derived from ADCP acoustic signal processing were filtered within the -100 dB to -60 dB range, representing the zooplankton backscatter range. Zooplankton distribution was observed at depths of 0-300 m. Vertical zooplankton distribution was generally high in the 100-200 m layer and decreased at 0-100 m and 200-300 m. This is attributed to the influence of the Equatorial Undercurrent transporting zooplankton biomass from the Indian Ocean to West Sumatra waters at depths of 100-200 m, characterized by high salinity (34.6-35.2 PSU) and cold temperatures (19°-21°C). This study demonstrates the utility of ADCP in observing zooplankton distribution based on their backscatter values and the influence of ocean currents in transporting zooplankton biomass.
Acoustic Sediment Classification Using High-Frequency (400 kHz) Multibeam Data in Pari Water of Seribu Island, Indonesia Handoko, Dadang; Manik, Henry Munandar; Hestirianoto, Totok; Priandana, Karlisa; Hasan, Rozaimi Che
ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol 30, No 1 (2025): Ilmu Kelautan
Publisher : Marine Science Department Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ik.ijms.30.1.135-144

Abstract

Seafloor classification is essential for understanding sediment distribution, marine habitat characteristics, and resource management. Therefore, this study aimed to classify seafloor sediment in the Pari water, Indonesia using high-frequency (400 kHz) backscatter data obtained through the Multibeam Echosounder T-50P. The Angular Range Analysis (ARA) method was applied to analyze backscatter intensity variations across different incidence angles, to enhance the accuracy of sediment classification in this shallow marine environment. Data acquisition was collected using the T-50P, which captured high-resolution acoustic signals from varying angles to generate angular response curves. Analysis was conducted in the curves were then analyzed to differentiate sediment types, with ground-truth sediment samples collected to validate classification outcomes. The result showed that backscatter intensity mosaic had an intensity range of -27 dB to -37.5 dB. Applying ARA enabled the identification of 12 sediment classes, including sandy silt, coarse silt, and clayey sand. Sediment distribution maps, generated via FMGT and visualized with ArcGIS, indicated a predominance of fine-grained sediments. The FMGT-based classification tended to prioritize finer sediment categories, likely due to the acoustic limitations in detecting granular details. Conversely, the in-situ analysis of 15 sediment samples revealed medium sand as the predominant sediment type, accompanied by smaller proportions of coarse sand and coral fragments. The discrepancies between the in-situ sampling and FMGT results were primarily due to the operational frequency of the MBES system, which limits the acoustic signal's penetration to the surface of the seabed. This highlights the importance of in-situ sampling to complement acoustic data, especially in accurately seabed characterization. 
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER TO IMPROVE FISHING EFFICIENCY ON BAGAN BOAT Muhammad Ilham; Manik, Henry M.; Rahmat, Ayi
Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management Vol. 16 No. 1 (2025): Marine Fisheries: Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jmf.v16i1.59780

Abstract

The decline in fish catches among bagan boats in Labuhan Jambu, Sumbawa District, is caused by overfishing, illegal fishing, and climate change. To address this issue, technological innovations such as sonar systems that emit acoustic signals to attract fish are necessary. This study aims to design piezoelectric transducers and transmitter drivers capable of emitting acoustic frequencies that effectively attract fish around bagan boats, thereby increasing catch yields. The methodology included system design, fabrication, and testing. The developed transducer operates across a frequency range of 1–75 kHz, and field tests were carried out by installing the transducer beneath the bagan boat. Results indicated that fish responded quickly to frequencies between 500–800 Hz, as evidenced by the appearance of bubbles on the water surface, suggesting fish presence. The main species caught included pelagic fish, skipjack, and squid. Fish catches increased by approximately 2–3 times compared to conventional methods. The transducer and transmitter driver using piezoelectric materials were successfully developed and functioned effectively. The final prototype was capable of emitting acoustic frequencies from 1 Hz to 100 kHz. This innovation demonstrates the potential of piezoelectric transducer technology to significantly enhance fish catches in bagan boat operations in Labuhan Jambu. Keywords: Driver transmitter, bagan boat, piezoelectric, transducer
Klasifikasi Gelembung Gas Menggunakan Multibeam Echosounder dan Machine Learning Rabbani, Mochamad Rafif; Manik, Henry Munandar; Hestirianoto, Totok
Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Vol 28, No 2 (2025): JURNAL KELAUTAN TROPIS
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkt.v28i2.26778

Abstract

The urgency of detecting gas bubbles in the water column is crucial in various fields, ranging from environmental monitoring to detecting underwater gas leaks. One method that can be used to detect gas bubbles is the Multibeam Echosounder. However, processing Multibeam Echosounder data is prone to human error and inefficient in terms of time, necessitating a more practical approach, such as utilizing Artificial Intelligence, specifically Machine Learning. This study aims to classify gas bubbles using Multibeam Echosounder and Machine Learning and determine the best algorithm. The acquired acoustic data were first processed using FMMidwater Fledermaus software for feature extraction and depth analysis in the water column, followed by target tagging on the echogram as a visual labeling process for Machine Learning model input. Three algorithms were tested: Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Support Vector Machine. Model evaluation was conducted using a confusion matrix to generate accuracy, F1-score, and kappa coefficient values. The evaluation results showed that the Random Forest algorithm achieved the highest accuracy of 89.02%, followed by Support Vector Machine with 86.76% and K-Nearest Neighbor with 85.41%. These findings demonstrate that the Machine Learning approach effectively classifies gas bubbles in the water column and distinguishes them from other objects in the water column.   Kepentingan pendeteksian gelembung gas di kolom air menjadi urgensi dalam berbagai bidang, misalnya dalam pemantauan lingkungan hingga deteksi kebocoran gas bawah laut. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan dalam mendeteksi gelembung gas adalah dengan menggunakan Multibeam Echosounder. Namun, pengolahan data Multibeam Echosounder rawan terjadi human error dan tidak cukup efisien dalam skala waktu, sehingga diperlukan metode praktis dalam pengolahan data Multibeam, salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan bantuan Artificial Intelligence, yaitu Machine Learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan gelembung gas dengan menggunakan Multibeam Echosounder dan Machine Learning, serta menentukan algoritma terbaik. Data akustik yang telah diakusisi diolah terlebih dahulu dengan bantuan perangkat lunak FMMidwater Fledermaus untuk ekstraksi fitur dan kedalaman objek di kolom air, serta proses tagging target pada echogram sebagai proses pelabelan secara visual untuk input pada model Machine Learning. Terdapat tiga algoritma yang diuji, yaitu Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor dan Support Vector Machine. Evaluasi model menggunakan confusion matrix untuk menghasilkan nilai akurasi, F1-Score dan koefisien kappa. Evaluasi performa model menunjukkan algoritma Random Forest memiliki nilai akurasi tertinggi yaitu 89.02 % diikuti oleh Support Vector Machine dengan akurasi 86.76% dan K-Nearest Neighbor dengan akurasi 85.41%. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa pendekatan Machine Learning mampu mengklasifikasikan gelembung gas di kolom air serta dapat membedakannya terhadap objek lain di kolom air
Seabed Geoacoustic Analysis Using Scientific Single Beam Echosounder La Elson, La Elson; Manik, Henry M. Manik; Hestirianoto, Totok Hestirianoto; Pujiyati, Sri Pujiyati
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 17 No. 1 (2025): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jipk.vi.55832

Abstract

Graphical Abstract   Highlight Research Hydroacoustic technology was used to identify seabed substrates in real-time with the Simrad EK-15 Single Beam Echosounder. Acoustic backscatter analysis classified seabed substrates into 9 sediment types, with reflection values ranging from -28.03 dB to -20.02 dB. Machine learning models (k-NN and Random Forest) achieved 98.21% and 96.43% accuracy, enabling faster sediment classification than conventional methods. Geoacoustic analysis revealed sound speed, sediment density, acoustic impedance, and reflection coefficients, defining the physical properties of the seabed. This study supports coastal engineering, marine habitat conservation, and underwater geological mapping more effectively and efficiently.     AbstractHydroacoustic technology was able to quantify the seabed substrate and can be estimated accurately and near real time on the acoustic characters of each substrate. The purpose of the research was to identify the geoacoustic characteristics and spatial mapping of the seabed substrate in Lancang Island. Acoustic data was acquired using a Simrad EK-15 Single Beam Echosounder instrument operating at 200 kHz. Sediment samples were taken using an Ekman grab, which will be used to validate the acoustic data. The results of this study indicated that the acoustic backscatter values of the seabed substrate based on the surface backscattering strength value and sediment particle size at fourteen sampling stations are -28.03 decibels to -20.02 decibels divided into 9 sediment type groups, namely medium and very coarse sand mixture; medium sand; medium, fine and coarse sand mixture; medium and fine sand mixture; fine and medium sand mixture; medium and very fine sand mixture; very fine and medium sand mixture; fine and very fine sand mixture; and fine sand. The accuracy level of k-Nearest Neighbour and Random Forest computational used has very good accuracy of 98.21 % and 96.43 % and Naevi Bayes has a lower accuracy of 58.93 %. The identified geoacoustic characteristics included the mean grain size, sound speed, density, acoustic impedance, and reflection coefficient. Faster, more effective, and efficient computational processes with high accuracy make k-Nearest Neighbour and Random Forest models the best alternative to be used as geoacoustic computational models of seafloor substrates.
Oceanographic Characteristics in the Three International Indonesian Archipelago Sea Lanes (IASLs) Region: Implications for Underwater Acoustics System Putra, I Wayan Sumardana Eka; Atmadipoera, Agus Saleh; Manik, Henry Munandar; Harsono, Gentio; Purwandana , Adi
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v17i2.56045

Abstract

Graphical Abstract Highlight Research The IASL-1 entry portal in the southern and northern regions shows the emergent SOFAR channels. The shadow zone and the existence of a SOFAR deep sound channel in the IASL-2 and IASL-3 routes can be triggered by the emergent “saddle” SVP pattern.  The variability seasonally and interannually due to variations in seawater properties stratification plays an important role in SOFAR channel appearances in IASLs. The diverse oceanographic characteristics of IASLs necessitate the implementation of sustainable marine geospatial data. Abstract Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) is responsible for the three international sea lanes, known as Indonesian Archipelago Sea Lanes (IASLs), which allowed ships to navigate across territorial waters between Pacific and Indian Oceans and vice versa. Gaining knowledge about the distinct oceanographic characteristics of the three IASLs can offer valuable insight into maritime safety and sustainable marine resource management. Therefore, this research aims to review oceanographic characteristics in IASLs regions from available previous research to provide a comprehensive insight into the processes and dynamical oceanography in IASLs region as well as determine the implications for underwater acoustic patterns. The results showed that IASL-1 route is characterized by a shallow shelf passage with homogeneous sound velocity profile (SVP), which has a deep and narrow entry portal in the southern and northern Sound Fixing and Ranging Channel (SOFAR) channels. Seasonal reversal monsoonal wind-driven current dominates the circulation. IASL-2 and IASL-3 routes transported a deep and narrow passage with complexity of seaair interactions that vary on seasonal and interannual time scales. These IASLs were established with the saddle SVP, which trigger the shadow zone and the existence of SOFAR deep sound channel with seasonal and interannual variations in seawater properties stratification. The diverse oceanographic characteristics discussed significantly influence the underwater object detection equipment, the planning time, and the strategies for underwater defense systems. Due to the implications, it is necessary to use marine geospatial database, which may be adopted to facilitate policy-making, providing approximations for marine activities and management along IASLs.
Co-Authors . Susilohadi Adhi Kusuma Negara Adi Purwandana Adi Purwandana Aditya P. Sidiq Adrianus, Aldwin Agung D. Syakti Agus Atmadipoera Agustina Sartika Yos Ekaristi Manik Agustinus Agustinus Agustinus Agustinus Alajuri, M Hasbi Sidqi Alfrida Romauli Amanda Astri Pratiwi Febrianti Amri Rahmatullah Anang P. Adi Anang Prasetia Adi Anang Prasetia Adi Andi Achmadi Andi Yaodi Nurani Yamin Angga Dwinovantyo Angga Dwinovantyo Ari Wahyudi Ari Wahyudi Asep Ma'mun Asep Ma’mun Asep Priatna Asmoro, Nuki Widi Augy Syahailatua Azhari, Ferian Bagas O. Siahaan Basyaruddin Islmail Harahap Bernawis, Lamona Irmudyawati Billi R Kusumah Billi Rifa Kusumah Brojonegoro, Irsan S Catur Purwanto, Catur Choirul Umam, Choirul Christian Nugroho Dadang Handoko Deddy Bakhtiar Dias Kusdiana Djoko Hartoyo Doli Bonardo Domey Moniharapon Dony Apdillah Dwi Charnila Dwiadji Gultom Edi Kusmanto Edy Hartulistiyoso Elson, La Fahrulian Fahrulian Fahrulian Fahrulian Fahrulian Fahrulian Fathkhurozak Yunanda Rifai Firdaus, Randi Fredrich Simanungkalit Gentio Harsono Gentio Harsono Handoko, Dadang Haqqu Ramdhani Hargiani, Fransisca Xaveria Hasan, Rozaimi Che Hascaryo, Anom Puji Hawis H Madduppa Hendra Jayanto Hendra Jayanto Henry Andriadi Hestirianoto, Totok Hestirianoto, Totok Hestirianoto Hollanda Arief Kusuma I Wayan Sumardana Eka Putra Imam Mudita Indah Nurkomala Indra Jaya Indra Jaya Indra Jaya Indra Jaya Indra Jaya Indra Jaya Irsan Soemantri Brodjonegoro Ita Wulandari Ivonne Milichristi Radjawane Jales Veva Jaya Johar Setiyadi Johar Setiyadi Junaedi Adi Prasetyo Kang, Myounghee Karlisa Priandana Kirana, Widiah Dwi Krisna Rendi Awalludin Kurniawan , Muhammad Aziz Kurniawan, Muhammad Azis Kusdiana, Dias La Elson, La Elson Lalita, Rayi Khasanah Larasati, Oktavira Dwi Demia Lazuardi, Muhammad Nur Riza Lili Somantri Liva Junaedi M. Agung Sedayu M.Rizal Keulana Manik, Agustina Sartika Marisha Pertiwi Muhamad Yulianto Muhammad Fadhil Ilham Muhammad Farhan Muhammad Firdaus MUHAMMAD ILHAM Muhammad Nur Riza Lazuardi Muhammad Sanubari Muhammad Siddiq Sangadji Muhammad Zainuddin Lubis Muhammad Zainuddin Lubis Muhammad Zulfikar Muharrom, Eka Yudha Myounghee Kang Nainggolan, Tumpal Bernhard Napitupulu, Gandhi Napitupulu, Moses Nazar Nurdin Negara, Adhi K. Nur Fitria, Hanita Pamalik, Aulia Ranggi Prihantoro, Andi Exyas Pujiyati, Sri Pujiyati Purwandana , Adi Putra, I Wayan Sumardana Eka R. Yanuar H. P Rabbani, Mochamad Rafif Rahmat, Ayi Rahmatullah, Amri Ratna Juita Sari Rina Fajaryanti Rina Nurkhayati Rina Zuraida Rizqi Ayu Farihah, Rizqi Ayu RozeffPramana RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari Saifur Rohman Setiyadi, Johar Setyanto, Agus Situmorang, Edriyan Sofyatuddin Karina Sri Pujiyati Steven Solikin Subarsyah Subarsyah Subarsyah Subarsyah Subarsyah Subarsyah Suhengki Suhengki, Gemma Cahya Hafifah Suhengki Suhengki, Suhengki Sukoco, Nawanto Budi Sumantri, Willi Supriyanto, Taufiq Susilo Hadi Susilohadi Susilohadi Susilohadi Susilohadi Susilohadi Susilohadi Susilohadi Susilohadi Susilohadi Susilohadi Susilohadi Syahrul Purnawan Syahrul Purnawan Teguh Arif Pianto Tri Aji Tri Aji Tri Nur Sujatmiko Try Febrianto Tumpal B. Nainggolan Tumpal Bernhard Nainggolan Tumpal Bernhard Nainggolan Udrekh Udrekh Vincentius P Siregar Widodo S Pranowo Widodo Setiyo Pranowo Widodo Setiyo Pranowo Wijopriono Windra, Alivio Winjaniatun, Siti Novrianti Yoga Prihantoro Yoga Prihantoro Yulinar Firdaus Yulinar Firdaus, Yulinar Zahran, Hafizh