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Parlindungan Manik
Departemen Teknik Perkapalan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro - Semarang
Astronomy Automotive Engineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Transportation Other

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Experimental investigation of PWHT and normalizing effects on SMAW low-carbon steel joint properties Manik, Parlindungan; Firdhaus, Ahmad; Prasetya, Blinka Hernawan; Prayoga, Rhizky
SINERGI Vol 30, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/sinergi.2026.1.009

Abstract

The influence of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) followed by normalizing on the mechanical properties of AH36 low-carbon steel is significant, particularly in the context of marine applications, such as shipbuilding welded joints. According to the extant literature, PWHT has been demonstrated to reduce residual stresses and enhance microstructural uniformity. However, the suitable PWHT temperatures for AH36 steel welds to balance strength, ductility, and toughness prior to normalizing remain underexplored. The objective of this study is to ascertain the suitable PWHT temperatures prior to normalizing, with the aim of improving weld performance in marine environments. A parametric study was conducted on AH36 steel specimens welded using shielded metal arc welding. The specimens were subjected to PWHT at 0°C (as-welded), 450°C, 600°C, and 750°C, followed by normalizing. Tensile, bending, and Charpy impact tests were utilized to assess the mechanical properties against established maritime safety standards. The results show that 600°C is the optimal PWHT temperature, effectively reducing residual stresses and promoting microstructural homogeneity. This, in turn, ensures that welds meet safety standards while preserving mechanical integrity. Higher temperatures increased the risk of brittleness, while lower temperatures provided insufficient stress relief. This study demonstrates that precise selection of PWHT temperature prior to normalizing is critical for ensuring reliable welds in marine structures. It identifies the optimal condition that maximizes strength, ductility, and impact toughness of AH36 steel while satisfying the Indonesian Classification Bureau (BKI) maritime safety standards. 
Co-Authors A.F. Zakki Abdurrofi, Arnan Achmad Kurniawan Zakaria Ahmad Fauzan Zakki Akbar Triansyah Alamanda Sulistianingtyas Alfikri Hidayat, Alfikri Alif Fauzan Rachmat Anam, Muhammad Aza Syafiul Ananda Arifin Zul Zihni Andi Satriawan Lubis, Andi Satriawan Andi Trimulyono Andy Wibowo Ari Wibawa Ari Wibawa Budi Santosa Ari Wibawa Budi Santoso Arief Situmorang Ario Nugroho Prihutomo Ariq Fadhlurrahman Rahardjo Asfala, Davierend Astrid Wulandari Avian Putri Utami Benny A.M Napitupulu, Benny Berlian Arswendo Adietya Biwa Abi Laksana Burhannudin Senoaji Caniago, Fahlan Parezki Chandra Ahmad Venzias Citra Tri Tunggal Dewi Dame Kita Ginting Dan Fianca David Adhi Prasetyo, David Adhi Deddy Chrismianto Dede Nugraha Sentosa HS Dhawala, Pakavy Aqshall Dhea Margaretha Edwin Wijaya Eko Sasmito Hadi Endah Dyah Aprianti Fakhri, Alfian Fakhrul Arifin Febriana Dian Krismawati Firdhaus, Ahmad Gigih Niagara Good Rindo Haloho, Albert Tua Hanif Hisyam Hernanta Harno, Harno Hartono Yudo Haryo Baskoro Herman Ferdinan Philip Simanjuntak Hugo Digitec E. Sembiring Ighel Bryantama Putra Imam Pujo Mulyatno Indiaryanto, Mahendra Insanu Abdilla Cendikia Abar Ismail, Izzuddin Nadzir Ivel Afra Sevira Josua Siagian Juwanto Juwanto K Kamal Kenteurachmat, Ahmad Khoirul Anam Khusnul Khotimah Kiryanto Kiryanto Kiryanto, K. Kusuma, Ghiyats Abiyyu Lubis, Bobby Parel Antonio Lumban batu, Afriando M. Iqbal Mahendra Indiaryanto Marsaut Maurit Rumapea, Marsaut Maurit Maulana, Muhammad Dhefa Muhammad Fadel Alfaressy Samosir Muhammad Ikhsan Muhammad Imam Malik Muhammad Iqbal Muhammad Iqbal Muhammad Rahmat Darmawan Muhammad Wahyu Prihantoro Musfar, Raka Fadlyan Nainggolan, Diontius Namo Prima Sembiring Novem, Dicky Putra Nurul Huda Ocid Mursid Pani Prima Tambunan Paul CM Permana, M Saptahadi Prasetya, Blinka Hernawan Prasetyo Nugroho Pratama, Rezky Naufal Pratiwi, Ovin Ranica Prayoga, Rhizky Putri, Henna Dellya Zenitta Rachmat Assidiq rajagukguk, mangatas yohannes Reinhard Fernando Hutapea Reza Andrian Saputro Rezky Naufal Pratama Rifandi Aditya Rino Natalia Situmorang Rizaldo, M. Fikry Rizka Cholif Arrahman Rosiana Dewi Sadewo, Guntur Saeful Huda Mursito Sahat Nico Juan Varian Sibarani Samuel Samuel Sarjito Joko Sisworo Sarjito Jokosisworo Sarjito Jokosiworo Satoto, Sapto Wiratno Sembiring, Benami I G Siahaan, Fredits A Sinaga, Ebin Ezer Sumintono, Heraldo Petra Surya Yusuf Afriansyah Syaiful Arifin Tambunan, Govinda Daniel Parasian Teguh Sulistyo Hadi, Teguh Sulistyo Tobing, Christabel Giovanny Tri Putra P Lumbantobing Tubongkasi, Yehezkiel Mizzi Nicole Tuswan Tuswan Untung Budiarto Wahyu Masykuri Al Hakim Wesly M Napitu Widya Rahman Fitriadi Widyatmoko, Ari Wilma Amiruddin Wiranda, Ariiq Daffa Wiwit Wirawan Yermias Rahardian Andilolo Yopi Tri Setiadi Yosafat Nugraha Putra