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All Journal Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Sari Pediatri Paediatrica Indonesiana Proceedings Book of International Conference and Exhibition on The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute
Hindra Irawan Satari
Universitas Indonesia
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Biomarker Inflamasi (IL1?, IL6, TNF?, CRP) dan Mikronutrien (Zat Besi, Seng) pada Anak dengan Stunting Usia 6-59 Bulan: Sub Analisis SEANUTS II Ranto, Huminsa; Yuliarti, Klara; Munasir, Zakiuddin; Gunardi, Hartono; Wahidiyat, Pustika Amalia; Satari, Hindra Irawan; Sekartini, Rini
Sari Pediatri Vol 27, No 5 (2026)
Publisher : Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (BP-IDAI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/sp27.5.2026.316-22

Abstract

Latar belakang. Stunting memengaruhi 19,8% anak Indonesia usia di bawah lima tahun, menurut Survei Status Gizi Nasional tahun 2024. Sitokin proinflamasi (IL-1?, IL-6, TNF-?) dan defisiensi mikronutrien (zat besi, seng) diduga berperan dalam terjadinya stunting, terutama di negara berpendapatan menegah ke bawah, karena perannya dalam penghambat pertumbuhan tulang dan fungsi imun.Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar sitokin proinflamasi, C-reactive protein (CRP), zat besi, dan seng dengan status stunting pada anak Indonesia usia 6-59 bulan.Metode. Data dikumpulkan dari sampel darah 100 anak Indonesia usia 6–59 bulan, dengan analisis statistik menggunakan uji chi-square, uji t, atau uji Mann-Whitney (p<0,05 dianggap bermakna).Hasil. Dari 100 subjek, 49 mengalami stunting dan 51 memiliki status gizi normal. Tingkat pendidikan dan pendapatan orang tua lebih rendah pada kelompok stunting (masing-masing p=0,019 dan p<0,001). Kadar median sitokin (IL-1?: p=0,344; IL-6: p=0,121; TNF-?: p=0,213), CRP (p=0,320), serta kadar mikronutrien (feritin: p=0,087; seng: p=1,000) tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok. Kesimpulan. Tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna antara sitokin proinflamasi dan defisiensi mikronutrien yang diteliti dengan kejadian stunting, kemungkinan karena ukuran sampel yang terbatas dan bias perkotaan. Faktor sosial ekonomi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap stunting. Diperlukan penelitian longitudinal dengan sampel yang lebih besar untuk memperjelas hubungan tersebut.
Identifying primary immunodeficiency through the evaluation of severe, persistent, unusual, and recurrent infections in Indonesian children Muktiarti, Dina; Hendarto, Aryono; Munasir, Zakiudin; Wulandari, Dewi; Satari, Hindra Irawan; Werdhani, Retno Asti; Kumara Wati, Ketut Dewi
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 66 No. 2 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

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Abstract

Background Primary immunodeficiency (PID) is widely underdiagnosed in countries with high rates of infection and limited diagnostic facilities, such as Indonesia. It remains challenging to distinguish PID from other conditions predisposing children to severe, persistent, unusual, and recurrent (SPUR) infection. Such conditions include secondary immunodeficiency caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, allergic diseases, and chronic diseases with structural or anatomical abnormalities. Objective To evaluate children with SPUR infections for PID and to compare the clinical characteristics of children with PID to those with other underlying conditions. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, analytic study of children aged 0-18 years presenting with SPUR infections at 10 hospitals in Jakarta, Indonesia, from July 2024 to September 2025. Clinical assessment and laboratory investigations, including immunological tests, were performed to identify the underlying cause of SPUR infections. Children were classified as healthy, PID, secondary immunodeficiency (HIV), allergy, or chronic disease/anatomical abnormalities. Results Two hundred fifty-four subjects (53% male) with a median age of 26 months were included in our study. Most of them had a history of pneumonia (72.1%), diarrhea (31.1%), and pulmonary tuberculosis (27.9%). Thirty-three (13%) subjects were diagnosed with PID, with the majority being male (60.6%). The most common PID found was antibody deficiency (27.3%), followed by immunodeficiencies combined with associated or syndromic features (24.2%), and immunodeficiencies affecting cellular and humoral immunity (21.2%). Median age of onset in the PID group was 12 (3–24) months. Severe malnutrition was most common in children with HIV. Gender, parental consanguinity, and adverse events following live vaccines did not differ significantly across groups. Conclusion The prevalence of PID among children with SPUR infection in this study was 13%, with the most common classification being antibody deficiency.
Co-Authors Abdullah Reza Afaf Susilawati Agus Firmansyah Agus Firmansyah Alam , Anggraini Alan R Tumbelaka Alan R Tumbelaka Alan R. Tumbelaka Amalia Almira Andi Annisa Rusyda Khafiyani Anggraini Alam, Anggraini Angky Budianti Anis Karuniawati Antonius H. Pudjiadi Arhana, Arhana Ari Prayitno Arwin AP Akib Arwin AP. Akib Aryono Hendarto Badriul Hegar Bock H Cissy B. Kartasasmita Corry S Matondang Dalima AW Astrawinata Damayanti Rusli Sjarif Delly Chipta Lestari Dewi Wulandari Diana Mettadewi Jong Dimas Seto Prasetyo Dina Muktiarti, Dina Djelantik, I.G.G. E.M. Dady Suyoko Emi Yulianti Endang Windiastuti Fatima Safira Alatas, Fatima Safira Gortap Sihotang Hana Paraswati Putri Hanifah Oswari Hardiono D Pusponegoro Hardjono Abdoerrachman Hardjono Abdoerrachman Hartono Gunardi Hartono Gunardi Hartono Gunardi Hartono Gunardi Hikari Ambara Sjakti, Hikari Ambara Htay H Han I Wayan Gustawan Idham Amir Imral Chair Indah S. Widyahening Jose RL Batubara Julitasari Sundoro Kemas Firman Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati Kusnandi Rusmil Laila Fitri Ibbibah Mardjanis Said Martin Hartiningsih Mei Neni Sitaresmi Mohd Andalas Mulya Rahma Karyanti, Mulya Rahma Mulyadi Mulyadi Munasir , Zakiudin Munasir, Zakiuddin Nabila Maudy Salma Natharina Yolanda, Natharina Nia Kuniati Nina Dwi Putri Novilia Sjafri Bachtiar Piprim B Yanuarso Pramita Gayatri Pratama Wicaksana Pustika Amalia Pustika Amalia Wahidiyat, Pustika Amalia Rahma Karyanti, Mulya Raihan Raihan Ranto, Huminsa Retno Asti Werdhani Riamin Sitorus Rinang Mariko Rinawati Rohsiswatmo Rini Mulia Sari Rini Sekartini Rita Andriyani Rossy Agus Mardani Santya Fatma Dewi Sari Wiraswasty Sasmono , R. Tedjo Sasmono, R. Tedjo Sharfina Fulki Adilla Shindy Claudya Aprianti Sidik Utoro Singgih, Adrian Himawan Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko Soedjatmiko Sondang Sidabutar Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro, Sri Rezeki Sri Rezeki S Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki S Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki S Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki S Hadinegoro Suharyono Suharyono Sumarmo Soedarmo Syafriyal Syafriyal, Syafriyal Teny Tjitra Sari, Teny Tjitra Theresia Theresia Toto Wisnu Hendrarto Widyahening , Indah Suci Yuliarti, Klara Yuni Astria Zakiudin Munasir