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The Risk of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Urban and Rural Areas Qona'ah, Arina; Pratiwi, Ika Nur; Pawanis, Zulfayandi; Yamani, Laura Navika; Pratiwi, Eskarani Tri; Nursalam, Nursalam; Ramoo, Vimala
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol 15, No 2 (2025): (August 2025) [In Progress]
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/nmjn.v15i2.56936

Abstract

Background: Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is closely linked to poor glycemic control. However, little is known about how environmental and lifestyle differences between urban and rural settings affect the risk of DPN.Purpose: This study aimed to identify and compare the risk factors of DPN among T2DM patients living in rural and urban areas.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional design with purposive sampling was used to recruit 156 T2DM patients from both urban (Surabaya) and rural (Lamongan) areas of East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected using the Vascular Quality of Life-6 (VQ-6), Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom (DNS), Diabetic Neuropathy Examination (DNE), and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). Logistic regression was performed, with a significance level set at p<0.05.Results: The mean age of rural participants was 55.8 years, slightly younger than that of urban participants. Urban residents had higher levels of education (37.7%) but engaged less in regular physical activity (51.9%). The risk of DPN differed significantly between rural and urban participants. Vascular function (ABI, OR = 4.526, range = 0.7–4.00), peripheral nerve symptoms (DNS, OR = 2.838, range = 0–2), neurological deficits (DNE, OR = 1.571, range = 0–5), and neuropathy-related quality of life (VQ-6, OR = 0.663, range = 0–24, p=0.020) were more pronounced among rural participants.Conclusion: Rural T2DM patients are at greater risk of DPN due to vascular and neuropathic complications, combined with sociodemographic disadvantages. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and tailored education programs for rural communities to prevent and manage DPN.
Predictors of Prediabetes Among Young Adults in East Java of Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study Pratiwi, Ika Nur; Widyawati, Ika Yuni; Nursalam, Nursalam; Pawanis, Zulfayandi; Qonaah, Arina; Lee, Bih-O
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing Vol 14, No 2 (2024): (August 2024)
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/nmjn.v14i2.56904

Abstract

Background: Prediabetes is a condition that can be controlled and managed to prevent the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This condition can occur at all ages, especially in young adults. However, little is known about what factors increase the risk of prediabetes in young adults in East Java, Indonesia.Purpose: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and the influential risk factors of prediabetes among young adults in East Java, Indonesia.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The purposive sampling technique was used to recruit young adults in East Java Province, Indonesia. International physical activity questionnaire short-form version questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) and physical indicators for anthropometry were used to obtain data on sociodemographic characteristics, prediabetes knowledge, and physical activity. In addition, blood pressure, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Multivariable logistic regression was employed in the analysis to determine risk factors associated with prediabetes.Results: There were 126 participants recruited, with 69 (54.8%) having prediabetes based on IFG levels. Age (p=0.035), regular exercise (p=0.015), activity level (p=0.026), body weight (p=<0.001), waist circumference (p=0.002), BMI (p=<0.001) and obesity (p=<0.001) were significant factors associated with prediabetes.Conclusion: The high prevalence of prediabetes in young adults is associated with age, routine exercise, activity level, body weight, waist circumference, BMI and obesity. It is crucial to implement strategies, such as regular IFG testing, to identify young adults with these risk factors for prediabetes screening.