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All Journal WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) WICAKSANA: Jurnal Lingkungan dan Pembangunan ISM (Intisari Sains Medis) : Jurnal Kedokteran MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal Narra J GANESHA MEDICINA Aesculapius Medical Journal Warmadewa Minesterium Medical Journal GALENICAL : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Mahasiswa Malikussaleh Community Services Journal (CSJ) Science and Education Journal
Agus Santosa
Universitas Warmadewa
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Dentistry Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Library & Information Science Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary

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Correlation of miR-150, hsa-let-7e, and miR-146a and gene expression of IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, and MIP-1β during dengue virus infection Sri Masyeni; Kuntaman Kuntaman; Aryati Aryati; Muchlis AU Sofro; Usman Hadi; Gondo Mastutik; Windu Purnomo; Agus Santosa; Benediktus Yohan; Erni Juwita Nelwan; R. Tedjo Sasmono
Narra J Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narraj.v1i1.31

Abstract

Growing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in viral infection. The objective of this study was to assess the association between the expression of miR-150, hsa-let-7e, and miR-146a on cytokine expression during dengue infection. Dengue virus (DENV) strain SJN-006, a serotype 2 DENV strain of the Cosmopolitan genotype, isolated in Bali, Indonesia, was used to infect peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy individuals. The relative gene expressions of miR-150, hsa-let-7e, and miR-146a as well as the gene expression of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, and MIP-1β) were determined using quantitative real time - polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) at 6, 12 and 24 hours post infection (hpi). Correlations between the microRNAs and cytokines were analyzed by means of causality tests. Our data suggests that miR-150 and hsa-let-7e were significantly higher in infected-PBMCs after 12 hpi compared to the uninfected-PBMCs (p<0.05). The causality tests demonstrated that miR-150 and hsa-let-7e were negatively correlated with IL-8 expression, meanwhile miR-146a was the contrast. DENV infection was negatively and positively correlated with miR-150 and hsa-let-7e, respectively, after 24 hpi. In conclusion, our data demonstrates the vital role of miR-150, hsa-let-7e, and miR-146a in regulating IL-8 expression with possible different pathways.
Diagnosis dan tatalaksana rinosinusitis maksilaris odontogenik yang meluas sampai etmoid dan frontal: laporan kasus Agus Santosa; Nyoman Dian Permata Sari; Ida Bagus Semara Putra; Dewa Ayu Putu Sri Masyeni
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 12 No. 3 (2021): (Available online: 1 December 2021)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (504.174 KB) | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v12i3.1171

Abstract

Background: Sinusitis is an inflammatory process in the nasal mucosa, especially in the paranasal sinuses. Sinusitis problems are important and need special attention in cases of sinusitis that do not improve after being given conventional therapy. The purpose of this paper is to establish the diagnosis and management of odontogenic maxillary rhinosinusitis that extends to the ethmoid and frontal areas.Case presentation: A male patient, aged 22 years, came to the ENT clinic at Mangusada Hospital, Badung. Based on the history, physical examination, supporting examination in the form of CT-scan so that it was diagnosed as chronic rhinosinusitis et causa odontogenic which extends to the ethmoid and frontal. The treatment chosen was surgery in the form of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) and septorhinoplasty because in this case the patient had complications and did not respond to medical therapy. Postoperative evaluation, complaints of smelly mucus, nasal congestion and headache were not felt.Conclusion: The diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis et causa odontogenic which extends to the ethmoid and frontal based on CT-Scan and the treatment given to the patient in the form of FESS and septorhinoplasty. Latar belakang: Sinusitis merupakan proses inflamasi pada mukosa hidung, lebih khususnya pada sinus paranasal. Masalah sinusitis menjadi penting dan perlu perhatian khusus pada kasus sinusitis yang tidak membaik setelah diberikan terapi konvensional. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menegakkan diagnosis dan penatalaksan rinosinusitis maksilaris odontogenik yang meluas sampai etmoid dan frontal.Presentasi kasus: Seorang pasien laki-laki, berusia 22 tahun datang ke poli THT RS Mangusada, Badung. Berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, pemeriksaan penunjang berupa CT-scan sehingga didiagnosis sebagai rinosinusitis kronis et causa odontogenic yang meluas sampai etmoid dan frontal. Penatalaksanaan yang dipilih adalah pembedahan berupa Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) dan septorhinoplasti, karena pada kasus ini pasien mengalami komplikasi dan tidak memberikan respon dengan terapi medikamentosa. Evaluasi pasca operasi, keluhan ingus berbau, hidung tersumbat dan nyeri kepala sudah tidak dirasakan.Kesimpulan: Diagnosis rinosinusitis kronis et causa odontogenic yang meluas sampai etmoid dan frontal berdasarkan dari CT-Scan dan tatalaksana yang diberikan pada pasien berupa FESS dan septorhinoplasti.
Pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku dengan kejadian COVID-19 pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Warwadewa Agus Santosa; Luh Gde Evayanti; Angga Priyana
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 13 No. 3 (2022): (In Press 1 December 2022)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v13i3.1450

Abstract

Introduction: Efforts in preventing COVID-19 are carried out by increasing knowledge and improving attitudes and behavior. These three components affect the occurrence of COVID-19, especially among medical students. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and behavior and the incidence of COVID-19 in students of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FKIK Unwar). Methods: Analytical design and a cross sectional study were used. The study was conducted from October – November 2021. Several 88 samples were selected by purposive sampling from 2018-2020 class students in the Unwar FKIK environment. Data were analyzed using Fisher Exact test (p<0.05). Results: Medical students have knowledge of 94.3% in the good category, 79.5% positive attitude and 55.7% positive behavior towards COVID-19, although there is no significant relationship (p>0.05). Conclusion: Education and implementation of strict health protocols at FKIK Unwar increase the knowledge, behavior, and attitudes of FKIK Unwar students. Those were related to the low incidence of COVID-19 at FKIK Unwar for the last 3 months.   Latar Belakang: Peningkatan pengetahuan, perbaikan sikap serta perilaku dilaksanakan dalam upaya pencegahan COVID-19. Ketiga komponen tersebut mempengaruhi kejadian COVID-19 terutama dikalangan mahasiswa kedokteran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku dengan kejadian COVID-19 pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan (FKIK Unwar). Metode: Rancangan analitik ini menggunakan studi cross sectional dan dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober – November 2021. Sebanyak 88 sampel dipilih dengan purposive sampling dari mahasiswa angkatan 2018-2020 di lingkungan FKIK Unwar. Data dianalisis sengan uji Fisher Exact (p<0,05). Hasil: Mahasiswa kedokteran memiliki pengetahuan persentase 94,3% dalam kategori baik, sikap positif 79,5% dan perilaku positif 55,7% terhadap COVID-19 meskipun tidak terdapat pengaruh bermakna (p>0,05). Simpulan: Edukasi dan penerapan protokol kesehatan yang ketat di FKIK Unwar meningkatkan pengetahuan, perilaku, dan sikap mahasiswa FKIK Unwar. Hal ini terkait rendahnya kejadian COVID-19 di FKIK Unwar selama 3 bulan terakhir.
Hubungan hipertensi dengan kejadian presbikusis di Poliklinik THT-KL RSUP Sanglah Denpasar Agus Santosa; Pande Ayu Naya Kasih Permatananda; I Putu Wirasatya Eka Putra
Intisari Sains Medis Vol. 13 No. 3 (2022): (In Press 1 December 2022)
Publisher : DiscoverSys Inc.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15562/ism.v13i3.1451

Abstract

Introduction: Presbycusis or age-related hearing loss has several risk factors, with hypertension as one of them. Hypertension might cause presbycusis since it can interfere with nutrient and oxygen intake to the auditory nerve cells of the ear. This study aimed to determine the relationship between hypertension with the incidence of presbycusis at the Poliklinik THT-KL RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Methods: This study used an analytic retrospective design and cross-sectional method. The study was conducted at the Poliklinik THT-KL RSUP Sanglah Denpasar with a sample of 60 people. Data were obtained using medical records and analyzed univariately and bivariate using SPSS for Windows with a p-value of 0.05. Results: Most subjects are 65-75 years old rather than >75, with male subjects of the same amount as female subjects. Chi-square test (x2) distribution table analysis demonstrated an association between hypertension and presbycusis incident in Poliklinik THT-KL RSUP Sanglah Denpasar with a p-value of 0,002. Conclusion: Most samples are in the 65-75 age range with the same proportionate amount of gender. There is an association between hypertension and presbycusis in Poliklinik THT-KL RSUP Sanglah Denpasar.   Latar Belakang: Presbikusis atau age related hearing loss memiliki beberapa faktor resiko dengan hipertensi sebagai salah satunya. Hipertensi dapat menyebabkan presbikusis karena dapat mengganggu asupan nutrisi dan oksigen sel-sel saraf auditori di telinga. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi hubungan hipertensi dan kejadian presbikusis di poliklinik Telinga, Hidung, Tenggorokan, Bedah Kepala dan Leher (THT-KL) RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Metode: Desain yang digunakan yakni retrospektif analitik dan metode cross-sectional. Lokasi penenlitian yakni poliklinik THT-KL RSUP Sanglah Denpasar dan jumlah sampel 60 orang. Data diperoleh dengan menggunakan rekam medis dan dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat melalui aplikasi SPSS dengan nilai p ≤ 0,05. Hasil: Didapatkan sampel lebih banyak berumur 65-75 tahun dibanding sampel berumur >75 tahun. Untuk jenis kelamin, ditemukan sampel dalam proporsi yang sama dan dari hasil uji chi square, didapat adanya korelasi antara hipertensi dengan kejadian presbikusis di Poliklinik THT-KL RSUP Sanglah Denpasar dengan nilai p = 0,002. Simpulan: Mayoritas sampel berumur 65-75 tahun dengan proporsi jenis kelamin yang sama. Diperoleh hubungan hipertensi dan kejadian presbikusis di poliklinik THT-KL RSUP Sanglah Denpasar.
The role of mediator suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) on cytokine production during dengue virus infection Sri Masyeni; Kuntaman Kuntaman; Aryati Aryati; Muchlis AU. Sofro; Usman Hadi; Gondo Mastutik; Windu Purnomo; Agus Santosa; Muhammad Iqhrammullah; Benediktus Yohan; Erni J. Nelwan; R. Tedjo Sasmono
Narra J Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v3i2.167

Abstract

Inability to understand the pathogenesis of severe dengue, in particular the control mechanism of immune responses, has led to high mortality rate for patients with dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The aim of this study was to determine the control mechanism of cytokine production by mediator suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS), toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) during DENV infection. Peripheral blood mononuclear blood cells (PBMC), isolated from healthy individuals, were infected with dengue virus (DENV)-2 strain SJN-006 Cosmopolitan genotype (isolated from Bali, Indonesia). The relative gene expression of SOCS-3, TLR-3, NFκB, and the cytokine genes (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, interferon inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β)) were measured using qRT-PCR at 6, 12 and 24 hours post infection (hpi). Student t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the gene expressions while causal correlations were analyzed using regression test and path analyses. DENV-2 infection increased the gene expression of SOCS-3, TLR-3, and NFκB after 12 and 24 hpi. The expression of IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, and MIP-1β genes was increased and peaked at different times post-infection. NFκB and SOCS-3 genes likely have role in the upregulation of IL-8 and IL-6 gene expression, respectively. MIP-1β gene expression was significantly induced by both NFκB and SOCS-3. In conclusion, our study suggested that SOCS-3, TLR-3, and NFκB are important in regulating the production of IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MIP-1β during early phase of DENV-2 infection. This enriches our understanding on pathogenesis pathway of DENV-associated cytokine storm.
Abses Submandibula dengan Komplikasi Mediastinitis Agus Santosa
WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) Vol 2 No 2 (2017): November 2017
Publisher : Warmadewa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wmj.2.2.76.77-81

Abstract

Abses leher dalam terbentuk di dalam ruang potensial di antara fasia leher sebagai akibat perjalanan infeksi dari berbagai sumber seperti gigi, mulut, tenggorok, sinus paranasal, telinga tengah dan leher. Tergantung ruang mana yang terlibat, gejala dan tanda klinik setempat berupa nyeri dan pembengkakan akan menunjukkan lokasi infeksi. Ruang submandibular adalah lokasi yang paling sering ditemui pada infeksi ruang leher dalam. Paling sering terjadi pada usia 20 dan 60 tahun, dengan dominasi laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan adalah 3:1.  Penyebab abses ini yang paling sering adalah infeksi gigi. Penyebaran infeksi sepanjang danger space cepat dapat menyebabkan mediastinitis. Dilaporkan satu kasus abses submandibular penderita, laki-laki 41 tahun datang dengan keluhan bengkak pada pipi dan rahang bawah kanan disertai demam sejak kurang lebih 8 hari sebelum MRS. Sebelumnya penderita mengeluh sakit pada gigi geraham kanan bawah. Penderita juga mengeluh batuk dan sesak sejak 2 hari sebelum MRS. Kemudian dilakukan aspirasi didapatkan pus kemudian dilakukan insisi dan drainase. Pasien dilakukan pemeriksaan penunjang dan didapatkan hasil suspek mediastinitis. Pasien dikonsulkan kepada BedahThorak-Kardiovaskuler dan dilakukan sternotomy. Pasien mengalami perbaikan kondisi dan pasien diijinkan untuk pulang kerumah.Kata Kunci: laki-laki, infeksi gigi, abses, mediastinitis. [Submandibular Abscess With Complications Mediastinitis]Abscesses in the neck formed in the potential space between the fascia of the neck as a result of the course of infection from various sources such as the teeth, mouth, throat, paranasal sinuses, middle ear and neck. Depending on where the space involved, the symptoms and signs of local clinic of pain and swelling will show the location of the infection. Submandibular space is the location of the most commonly encountered in infections in the neck area. Most often between the ages of 20 and 60 years, with a predominance of males compared to females was 3:1. The cause of this abscess is most commonly a dental infection. The spread of infection throughout the danger space can quickly lead to mediastinitis. Reported a case of submandibular abscess patient, 41 years old male presents with swelling on the right cheek and lower jaw, with fever since at least 8 days prior. Previous patient complained of pain in the lower right molar teeth. Patients also complained of cough and shortness since two days. Then aspiration obtained pussy then incision and draignase. Patients be investigated and the results obtained suspected mediastinitis. Patients consulted for Thoracic Surgery-Cardiovascular and do sternotomy. Patients experiencing improved conditions and the patient is allowed to go home.Keywords: male, tooth infection, abscess, mediastinitis
The Effect of Type II DM on the Incidence of Sensorineural Deafness at Bali Royal General Hospital Agus Santosa; I Wayan Sulistiawan
WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) Vol 7 No 1 (2022): May 2022
Publisher : Warmadewa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wmj.7.1.4147.1-12

Abstract

Type II diabetes mellitus (DMT II) is a major health threat, and DM is known to be associated with sensorineural deafness. Age, duration of DM, hypertension and hypertriglycerides are believed to influence this process. This study aims to determine the relationship between type II DM and the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss at Bali Royal General Hospital. The study used a case control design which was carried out on patients admitted between July-September 2021 at Bali Royal General Hospital. The sampling technique employed in the DMT II group with sensorineural deafness was total random sampling, while for comparison, simple random sampling was used. The analyses were carried out by descriptive analysis, chi square test for bivariate data, and logistic regression test for multivariate analysis. The p value is said to be meaningful if <0.05. The whole process of data analysis in this study used SPSS.sav 25. The number of samples was 8 patients with an average age of 49.62 ± 8.45. The mean of RBS (Random Blood Sugar) sugar was 152.25±60.92 mg/dL, and FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar) was 87.87±14.09 mg/dL. Patients with low FBS values ​​and diabetes duration of <5 years had more normal hearing conditions in the right ear (60%), while patients with high FBS and diabetes duration of ≥5 years had more SNHL (66.7%). However, the two conditions did not show a statistically significant relationship (p>0.05). The results of multivariate analysis found that there was no significant relationship between FBS levels and age with hearing conditions in the left ear (p> 0.05). In this study, there was no significant relationship between FBS, duration of DM, pattern of drug consumption, age, and hypertension status of DM patients with the incidence of SNHL in the right and left ears. Keywords: Type II diabetes mellitus, sensorineural deafness, hearing loss
PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK IBU PKK DI DESA KERTA KECAMATAN PAYANGAN KABUPATEN GIANYAR BALI SEBAGAI PEMBANTU JUMANTIK UNTUK MENCEGAH INFEKSI DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE Sri Masyeni; A.A.G Indraningrat; P.A Suryanditha; Agus Santosa
WICAKSANA: Jurnal Lingkungan dan Pembangunan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wicaksana.4.1.2020.1-5

Abstract

Demam berdarah dengue (DBD) yang terjadi akibat infeksi virus Dengue merupakan penyakit yang mewabah tiap tahunnya di Bali dan Indonesia pada umumnya. Upaya menekan laju DBD khususnya melalui eradikasi vektor pembawa virus yaitu nyamuk Aedes aegypti perlu terus dilakukan dengan melibatkan peran serta masyarakat secara langsung. Penyuluhan mengenai DBD terhadap kelompok ibu PKK di Desa Kerta, Kecamatan Payangan, Kabupaten Gianyar, Provinsi Bali telah dilaksanakan dengan hasil yang memuaskan. Metode yang digunakan adalah presentasi dan diskusi melalui tatap muka. Hasil penyuluhan menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman ibu-ibu PKK terhadap DBD dan upaya pencegahannya. Sebagai tindak lanjut kegiatan pengabdian ini, tim pembantu Jumantik dari anggota PKK Desa Kerta, Kecamatan Payangan telah dibentuk. Tim ini diharapkan berperan aktif dalam memonitoring dan meminimalisir tempat berkembang biak jentik nyamuk Aedes aegypti, serta secara aktif mensosialisasikan pencegahan DBD di lingkungan tempat tinggal mereka.
PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK IBU PKK DI DESA RENON DALAM PENGELOLAAN DIIT DAN PEMANTAU MINUM OBAT PASIEN DIABETES Agus Santosa; D A P Niti Widari; K Irwan Setiawan; Vemi Hendrayani; Sri Masyeni
WICAKSANA: Jurnal Lingkungan dan Pembangunan Vol. 6 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wicaksana.6.2.2022.47-52

Abstract

Penyakit diabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar gula darah yang diakibatkan oleh berbagai faktor seperti kerusakan sel beta pancreas atau penyakit autoimun yang menimbulkan kerusakan pancreas. Kadar gula darah yang berkepanjangan akan memicu kerusakan sel endotel yang dapat mengakibatkan komplikasi seperti penyakit ginjal kronis, penyakit jantung dan stroke yang akan memicu permasalahan yang lebih kompleks. Salah satu cara untuk memperlambat munculnya komplikasi diabetes adalah melalui pengontrolan gula darah melalui pengelolaan diit diabetes serta mengonsumsi obat secara rutin. Dukungan keluarga terdekat sangat dibutuhkan dalam membantu penderita diabetes dalam kontrol gula darah. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan mitra, yaitu kelompok ibu di desa Renon supaya bisa berperan sebagai pengelola diit dan pemantau minum obat pasien diabetes. Kegiatan diawali dengan rapat koordinasi, focus group discussion untuk menemukan permasalahan prioritas mitra. Solusi untuk mitra adalah pemberdayaan kelompok ibu tersebut yang diawali dengan pre-tes untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan ibu mengenai diabetes, penyampaian materi, praktek mengatur diit diabetes serta mengawasi minum obat. Pemaparan materi dilakukan melalui peragaan pamphlet, poster serta video dan diakhiri dengan post-test. Out-put kegiatan diukur dari peningkatan pengetahuan mitra dari hasil pre dan post-test dimana ditemukan peningkatan pengetahuan mitra sebanyak 75%. Outcome akan diukur dari tercapainya kontrol gula darah pasien dan terhambatnya komplikasi diabetes.
Hubungan Body Mass Index dengan Risiko Terjadinya Obstructive Sleep Apnea pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Warmadewa I Kadek Reynata Wihendra Pasek; Agus Santosa; Ni Wayan Rusni
Aesculapius Medical Journal Vol 5 No 1 (2025): February
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/amj.5.1.2025.83-93

Abstract

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder that causes a reduction or blockage of airflow despite efforts to breathe. Body Mass Index (BMI) is one of the indicators used to determine an individual's weight status, whether they are underweight, have an ideal weight, or are overweight (obese). This study aims to determine the relationship between BMI and the risk of OSA among students at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Warmadewa University. This is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The sample was obtained using stratified random sampling with a total of 97 samples. Data collection was done through questionnaires filled out by the respondents to obtain primary data. The independent variable in this study is Body Mass Index (BMI), while the dependent variable is the risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis. The correlation between BMI and OSA risk was measured using the Spearman test and crosstab. The results showed that the majority of respondents were male and 19 years old (35.1%), with a normal BMI status (58.8%). A total of 35.1% were at risk of developing OSA based on the Berlin questionnaire, and 64.9% were at risk of OSA based on the ESS questionnaire. The Berlin questionnaire showed a significant and very strong positive correlation between BMI and students at risk of OSA (p = 0.001; r = 0.899). Meanwhile, the ESS questionnaire showed a significant and moderate positive correlation between BMI and OSA risk (p = 0.001; r = 0.442).  
Co-Authors Anak Agung Sri Agung Aryastuti Angga Priyana Aryati Aryati Aryati Aryati Asri Lestarini Benediktus Yohan Benediktus Yohan Cahyawati, Putu Nita Desak Putu Citra Udiyani Diana Sudan Erni J. Nelwan, Erni J. Gita Ratnasari Gondo Mastutik I Kadek Reynata Wihendra Pasek I Nyoman Luhur Sandhi Wikrama I Putu Arwan Puspa Remawan I Putu Wirasatya Eka Putra I Wayan Sulistiawan Ida Bagus Semara Putra Indraningrat, Anak Agung Gede K Irwan Setiawan Kadek Surya Atmaja Ketut Wahyudiana Sudana Kuntaman Kuntaman Kuntaman Kuntaman Luh Gde Evayanti Manik Sastri, I. I. D. A. Muchlis AU Sofro Muchlis AU. Sofro Muhammad Iqhrammullah Mulyawan Made Bramastya Nugraha Teja Kusuma Ni Putu Eka Widiantari Ni Wayan Armerinayanti, Ni Wayan Ni Wayan Sri Ekayanti Ni Wayan Widhidewi Ningsih, Ni Luh Anik Puspa Nyoman Dian Permata Sari P.A Suryanditha PA Suryandhita Pande Ayu Naya Kasih Permatananda Pande Made Adhitya Yogantara Putu Nita Cahyawati Putu rinawati Jayanti PUTU SARASWATI LAKSMI DEWI Putu Surya Nandana R. Tedjo Sasmono R. Tedjo Sasmono Rusni, Ni Wayan Sri Masyeni, Dewa Ayu Putri Usman Hadi Vemi Hendrayani Widari, Dewa Ayu Putu Niti Windu Purnomo