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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Al-Kimia Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis PERENNIAL Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Makara Journal of Technology Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Gustan Pari
Pusat Litbang Hasil Hutan, Badan Litbang dan Inovasi, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (Ministry of Environtment and Forestry of Indonesia)
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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PENYEMPURNAAN SIFAT PAPAN SERAT BERKERAPATAN TINGGI DARI CAMPURAN RUMPUT GELAGAH, TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT, DAN BAMBU Indrawan, Dian Anggraini; Roliadi, Han; Tampubolon, Rossi Margareth; Pari, Gustan; Santoso, Adi; Iqbal, Mohamad
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 33, No 3 (2015): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2015.33.3.193-214

Abstract

Papan serat hardboard (HB) dari campuran Rumput Gelagah (RG), Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) dan bambu andong berpotensi untuk dikembangkan. Namun, percobaan pendahuluan menunjukkan HB tersebut tidak memenuhi persyaratan produk HB dari Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) dan International Standard Organization (ISO). Tulisan ini mempelajari modifikasi pembuatan HB agar memenuhi standar produk tersebut. Modifikasi yang dilakukan meliputi penambahan konsentrasi alkali dalam pemasakan pulp dan merubah komposisi perekat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas HB modifikasi meningkat dan mampu memenuhi persyaratan standar JIS dan ISO. Campuran serat pulp RG dan bambu andong/betung dimasak dengan konsentrasi alkali 10,5% dan 12% untuk serat dari TKKS. Campuran perekat yang digunakan adalah tannin-resorsinol-formaldehida (TRF), alum (tawas) dan emulsi lilin. Campuran serat yang paling banyak memenuhi standar adalah RG pulp (50%) + TKKS pulp (50%), diikuti RG pulp (100%), TKKS pulp (50%) + pulp bambu andong (50%), RG pulp (50%) + pulp bambu betung (50%). Serat yang masih kurang prospektif (bambu betung) diharapkan dapat diperbaiki melalui penggunaan perekat TRF dalam jumlah lebih banyak, arang aktif berukuran nano dan cross-linking agent.    
Pengaruh Durasi Steam terhadap Kualitas Arang Aktif Limbah Sagu (The Effect of Steam Duration on Quality and Characteristics of Activated Charcoal of Sago Waste) Siruru, Herman; Syafii, Wasrin; Wistara, Nyoman J; Pari, Gustan
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 16, No 2 (2018): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (38.454 KB)

Abstract

Sago waste is a potential biomass that can be used as active charcoal raw material. The objectives of this research were to know the effect of steam duration on quality and characteristics of activated charcoal of sago waste. Carbonization process was carried out at 400 ⁰C for four hours, then activation was carried out at 100 ml bar steam pressure, at a temperature of 800 ⁰C with variations of steam duration 60, 80 and 100 minutes and activation without steam, only heating for 60 minutes. The proximate test used the SNI standard, observed the functional group using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and observed the active charcoal structure using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the yield, moisture content, volatile, ash content, fixed carbon, iodine absorption of activated charcoal of sago bark and sago soft core were, respectively, 39.22–84.10%, 4.63–6.39%, 3.03–5.06%, 7.74–33.43%, 61.54–88.63%, 158.60–972.60 mg g-1. XRD analyzes showed that the degree of crystalline activated charcoal of sago bark waste with the highest steam time of 100 minutes (35.98%) compared with the degree of crystalline other activated charcoal is only about 20.57-7.30%. FTIR spectroscopy results from activated charcoal of sago waste also identified nitrogen compounds such as NO2 at wave numbers 1370-1390 cm-1; 1530-1560 cm-1; 1620-1660 cm-1 and phosphorus compounds such as P-S at 200-500 cm-1 wave number; P=S at the wave number 500-850 cm-1.Keywords: carbonization, active charcoal, sago, steam
MUTU ARANG AKTIF DARI SERBUK GERGAJI KAYU Pari, Gustan; Widayati, Diah Tri; Yoshida, Masato
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 27, No 4 (2009): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2009.27.4.381-398

Abstract

Tulisan ini mengemukakan hasil penelitian pembuatan arang aktif  dari serbuk gergaji kayu, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan lama waktu aktivasi terhadap hasil dan mutu arang aktif yang dihasilkan dari arang serbuk kayu gergajian. Proses pembuatan arang aktif dilakukan dengan menggunakan retor yang terbuat dari baja tahan karat yang dilengkapi dengan elemen listrik pada suhu 700°C, 800°C dan 900°C dengan lama waktu aktivasi masing-masing selama 30, 60 dan 90 menit. Bahan pengaktif yang digunakan adalah larutan H3PO4 15%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi terbaik untuk membuat arang katif dihasilkan pada suhu 900°C, dengan lama waktu aktivasi 90 menit, yang menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 11,33%, kadar air 19,26%, kadar abu 41,90%, kadar zat terbang 9,25%, kadar karbon terikat 48,85%. Daya serap arang aktif  terhadap benzena sebesar 10,93%, CHCl3   sebesar 30,38%, daya serap iodium 1171,5 mg/g (memenuhi syarat standar Jepang) dan daya serap terhadap biru metilena sebesar 149,98 mg/g. Berdasarkan sifat dan besarnya daya serap terhadap biru metilena, maka arang aktif dari serbuk gergaji kayu ini dapat digunakan untuk penjernihan zat warna dan sebagai campuran pohon ternak.
Characterization of Surface Active Shell Charcoal Nyamplung Seeds (Calophyllum inophyllum Linn) Wibowo, Santiyo; Syafi, Wasrin; Pari, Gustan
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 15, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Characterization of Surface Active Shell Charcoal Nyamplung Seeds (Calophyllum inophyllum Linn). Chemical and physical activation of nyamplung shell with 0%, 5%, and 10% H3PO4 for 60 and 120 minutes has been carried out to prepare activated charcoal. The purpose of this experiment was to look into the characteristic of nyamplung shell activated charcoal surface. Nyamplung shell was carbonized into charcoal, then activated by immersion in H3PO4 solution using 0%, 5% and 10%, for 24 hours, and heated in retort at two temperatures (700 and 800 oC) and two duration (60 and 120 minutes). The material were characterized by fourier transform infra red (FTIR), scaning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FTIR spectrum show that activated charcoal has OH, C-H, C-O and C=C bonds. The bonds of OH and C-O indicated that the treatment was produced polar activated charcoal. The porous texture was influenced by H3PO4 concentration. The porous with dimension <5 μ being predominant at low concentration of H3PO4 (0% and 5%) but larger amount of H3PO4 (10%) produced wide pore with dimension >5 μ.
Karakteristik Biopelet dari Tanaman Lamtoro (Leucanea leucocephala Lam) dan Gamal (Gliricidia sepium Jacq) pada Berbagai Variasi Komposisi dan Ukuran Partikel : Characteristics of Biopellet from Lamtoro (Leucanea leucocephala Lam) and Gamal (Gliricidia sepium Jacq) at Different Particle Size and Composition Aprilia, Nurul; Yunianti, Andi Detti; S, Suhasman; Pari, Gustan
PERENNIAL Vol 19 No 2 (2023): Vol. 19 No. 2, Oktober 2023
Publisher : Forestry Faculty of Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24259/perennial.v19i2.35034

Abstract

Energy needs continue to increase, resulting in energy reserves decreasing yearly, especially those made from fossil fuels, which are non-renewable energy, so their availability is limited. Therefore, efforts are needed to find alternative energy sources that can be developed. An energy source that can be produced is biomass. Gamal (Leucanea leucocephala)  and Lamtoro (Gliricidia sepium) plants are biomass often used as alternative raw materials for energy, namely biopellets, because they have high calorific value. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of biopellets from L. leucocephala and G. sepium with various compositions and particle sizes. The composition of the L. leucocephala and G. sepium raw materials is 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 with a particle size that is passed 40 mesh retained 60 mesh, passed 60 mesh retained 80 mesh, and passed 80 mesh retained 100 mesh. Quality testing of biopellets based on SNI 8951:2020 includes density, moisture content, fly content, ash content, fixed carbon, and calorific value. The results showed that the biopellets were following SNI 8951:2020, namely the average value of density, moisture content, and ash content, for the parameters of the value of the flying substance content and fixed carbon were not in accordance. Statistics have shown that particle size significantly affects density, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon. The composition affects the moisture content, fixed carbon, volatile matter content, and ash content. The best biopellets were produced in the treatment with 80 mesh particle size and 2:1 composition.
Characteristic and Chemical Compound of charcoal Cocoa Wasted by Pyrolysis Process Wijaya, Mohammad; Pari, Gustan; Amal
Al-Kimia Vol 12 No 1 (2024): JUNE
Publisher : Study Program of Chemistry - Alauddin State Islamic University of Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v12i1.46588

Abstract

Indonesia continues to experience a decline in cocoa production due to the aging of cocoa plants, conversion of cocoa plantations, pests, and diseases, as well as the government's focus on food crops. These factors contribute to the problem of decreasing cocoa yields. The objectives of this research are to develop the production of cacao tea from cocoa leaves as a natural herbal drink, and to identify bioactive chemical compounds resulting from the pyrolysis of cocoa waste by controlling temperature and time. The methodology employed in this study includes the analysis of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content in cocoa leaves. The pyrolysis process was conducted at 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C. Extraction was performed using an extractor, where the cocoa leaf waste was mixed with water heated to 80°C for 3 hours. The analysis of flavonoid and antioxidant levels in Pinrang cocoa leaves revealed lignin levels of 43.13%, holocellulose content of 47.11%, alpha-cellulose content of 31.13%, and cellulose content of 43.13%. Proximate analysis of Kolaka Regency cocoa leaves indicated phenol levels of 529.52 mg/kg, catechin levels of 615.71 mg/kg, glucose content of 6.68%, caffeine content of 329.56 mg/kg, carbon content of 52.20%, nitrogen content of 1.24%, hydrogen content of 17.55%, and oxygen content of 29.01%. For cocoa leaf extract from Pinrang Regency, the total flavonoids were 6.01% w/w, while for Kolaka Regency, the total flavonoids were 35.10% w/w. The utilization of cocoa leaves from Kolaka Regency demonstrated superior antioxidant content compared to those from Pinrang Regency. This indicates that cacao tea products made from Kolaka Regency cocoa leaves have great potential for development as a herbal drink. However, there has been limited research on this topic, particularly regarding the use of cocoa waste for cacao tea products.
ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS DISTINGUISHER FOR AGARWOOD QUALITIES Pasaribu, Gunawan Trisandi; Waluyo, Totok K.; Pari, Gustan
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 2 No. 1 (2015): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Association of Indonesian Forestry and Environment Researchers and Technicians

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59465/ijfr.2015.2.1.1-7

Abstract

Gaharu (Agarwood) is described as a fragrant-smelling wood that is usually derived from the trunk of the genus Aquilaria and Gyrinops (both of the family Thymelaeaceae), which have been infected by a particular disease. Based on Indonesian National Standard, agarwood can be classified into various grades, i.e. gubal gaharu, kemedangan and serbuk gaharu. The grading system is based on the color, weight and odor. It seems that such a grading is too subjective for agarwood classification. Therefore, to minimize the subjectivity, more objective agarwood grading is required, which incorporates its chemical composition and resin content. This research was conducted focusing on the analysis of the particular grade of agarwood originating from West Sumatra. The different types of agarwood qualities are: kemedangan C, teri C, kacangan C and super AB. Initially, the obtained agarwood samples were grounded to powder, extracted on a Soxhlet extractor using various organic solvents (i.e. n-hexane, acetone, and methanol). The agarwood-acetone extracts were analyzed using GC-MS to determine its chemical composition. The results showed a positive, linier relationship in which the resin yield increased with the increase in agarwood quality grades. GC-MS analysis revealed that several sesquiterpene groups can be found in kemedangan C, teri C, kacangan C and super AB qualities. It is interesting that aromadendrene could be identified or found in all agarwood quality grades. Therefore, it is presumed that the aromadendrene compounds can act as an effective chemical distinguisher for agarwood, whereby the greater the aromadendrene content, the better is the agarwood grade.
PEMANFAATAN ASAP CAIR LIMBAH GERGAJIAN KAYU PINUS SEBAGAI BIOPESTISIDA DALAM MENGHAMBAT SERANGAN HAMA PENGGEREK BUAH KOPI (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.): Utilization of Liquid Smoke from Pine Wood in Inhibiting the Attacks of Coffe Fruit Press (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) Hadiyane, Anne; Navila, Aviva; Karliati, Tati; Pari, Gustan; Darmawan, Saptadi; Rumidatul, Alfi
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 42 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jphh.2024.1985

Abstract

Sawmill waste is a waste product that needs to be put to use. Applying biorefinery principles through pyrolysis technology, which produces liquid smoke, is one of the innovative efforts to utilize sawmill waste. Chemical compounds contained in the liquid smoke have the potential to act as biopesticides. Therefore, this study aimed to test the ability of liquid smoke from pine sawmill waste to fight PBKo (Hypothenemus hampei) pests on coffee plants. Pyrolysis produced the liquid smoke at 400–450 °C for 4–7 hours. The observed parameters were the physicochemical characteristics and efficacy of liquid smoke biopesticides at concentrations of 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% against PBKo pests through pest attack tests, toxicity tests, and repellency tests. The results showed a total phenol value of 7248.01 mg GAE/100g. The results of the GC-MS analysis of the liquid smoke, which has the potential to be an insecticidal compound toxic to coffee fruit borer pests, are acetic acid, phenol, alcohol, furan, cycloalkane, cyclohexane, alkene, eugenol, and guaiacyl acetone. Based on the stydy’s results, liquid smoke from sawn pine wood waste at a concentration of 2.5% has the potential to be a natural biopesticide for inhibiting the growth of PBKo pests on coffee plants.    
SIFAT ARANG EMPAT JENIS KAYU CEPAT TUMBUH DI PROVINSI RIAU SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIOENERGI (BIO BRIKET): The Properties of Charcoal from Four Types of Fast Growing Wood In Riau Province As A Bioenergy Raw Material (Bio-Briquette) Yanti, Rina Novia; Pari, Gustan; Dinata, Marta; Al Amady, M. Rawa; Suryanti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 42 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jphh.2024.2052

Abstract

The availability of fossil energy will increasingly become scarce. For this reason, alternatives are being sought to use biomass as a renewable energy source. The fast-growing types of wood in Riau Province, namely ketapang (Terminalia catappa L), mahang (Macaranga spp), simpur (Dillenia indica.L), dan pulai (Alstonia spp) have not been utilized optimally. Fast growing wood is used as raw material for bioenergy, namely biobriquettes. The proximate analysis carried out was to calculate the water content (%), ash content (%), volatile matter content (%), and calorific value (cal/g. The aim of this research was to analyze the characteristics of the proximate test results of four types of fast-growing wood in Riau Province. The results of the research show that the average ash content of the charcoal is 0.36% according to SNI 01-6235 of 2000, the maximum is 8%. The volatile matter content of charcoal material is 14,5%, making bio briquettes the average volatile matter content value is 12,95% already meets SNI, a maximum of 15%. The average calorific value of raw materials is 4,069 cal/g and after it becomes a product the calorific value becomes 6,368 cal/g, which is set at a minimum of 5000 cal/g. In general, four types of wood grow quickly in the province Riau is recommended as a bio-energy raw material because it meets SNI 01-6235 of 2000.  
Co-Authors A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Akhiruddin Maddu Akhirudin Maddu Al Amady, M. Rawa Amal Andi Detti Yunianti Arya Sokanandi Buchari Buchari Diah Tri Widayati Dian Anggraini Indrawan Djeni Hendra Dodik Ridho Nurrochmat Efrida Basri Farly Reynol Tumimomor Gunawan Pasaribu Gunawan Santosa Gunawan Trisandi Pasaribu, Gunawan Trisandi Gusmailina Gusmailina Hadiyane, Anne Han Roliadi Hardjanto Hery Widijanto I Nyoman Jaya Wistara Imas Aisyah Jasni Jasni Karliati, Tati Krisdianto Sugiyanto Kurnia Sofyan Mahpudin Mahpudin Mamat Rachmat Marta Dinata Masato Yoshida, Masato Mody Lempang Mohamad Iqbal Mohammad WIJAYA Muji Harsini Navila, Aviva Novitri Hastuti, Novitri Nurul Aprilia, Nurul Nuryati Juli Ridwan A. Pasaribu, Ridwan A. Rina Novia Yanti Rossi Margareth Tampubolon Rumidatul, Alfi S, Suhasman Saepuloh Saepuloh Santiyo Wibowo Saptadi DARMAWAN Siruru, Herman Sri Komarayati Sukadaryati Sukadaryati SURYANTI T A Prayitno, T A Teddi Heryanto Totok K Waluyo Totok K. Waluyo, Totok K. Totok Kartono Waluyo, Totok Kartono Wasrin Syafi, Wasrin Wasrin Syafii