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Inggih Permana
Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau
Religion Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Physics Social Sciences Other

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Journal : Jurnal Inotera

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Evaluating the Impact of Data Balancing Techniques on the k-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm for Microarray Data Classification Febi Nur Salisah; Inggih Permana; Sanusi; Shir Li Wang
Jurnal Inotera Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): July - December 2025
Publisher : LPPM Politeknik Aceh Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31572/inotera.Vol10.Iss2.2025.ID497

Abstract

Microarray data classification poses significant challenges in bioinformatics due to the nature of the data, which has a very high number of features but a limited number of samples, and an unbalanced class distribution. This condition can cause a decrease in the performance of classification models, including k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN). This study aims to evaluate the performance of the kNN algorithm in classifying unbalanced and balanced data. The balancing techniques used are Random Undersampling (RUS), Random Oversampling (ROS), and Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). The datasets used in this study are three leukemia datasets with different class structures, namely two, three, and four classes. The experimental results show that the ROS and SMOTE techniques consistently improve the performance of kNN, with the best accuracy reaching more than 97%. In the two-class dataset, ROS gave the best performance (99.4%), while in the three-class dataset, SMOTE showed the most optimal results (98.5%). In the four-class dataset, the performance improvement due to balancing was very significant; SMOTE and ROS were able to improve the accuracy from 89.7% (without balancing) to 99.0% and 98.8%, respectively. Although RUS recorded perfect accuracy of 100%, the results were anomalous and inconsistent. RUS showed less stable performance and was often lower than the condition without balancing, especially on datasets with four classes. Overall, the SMOTE technique proved to be the most stable and effective for various class structures. This study shows the importance of balancing strategies in the classification of complex and imbalanced microarray data.
Co-Authors Aditya Nugraha Yesa Agus Buono Ahsyar, Tengku Khairil Al Kiramy, Razanul Alfakhri, Rezky Alfaridzi, Gemma Tahmid Aliya, Rahma Andi Darlianto Andriyani, Dwi Ratna Anggi Widya Atma Nugraha Anggia Anfina Anisah Fitri Anjani, Yulia Merry Annisa Ramadhani Aprijon Arif Marsal Arif Marsal Arif Marsal Arifah Fadhila Andaranti Arifin, Abdullah Aufa Zahrani Putri Aulia Dina Bib Paruhum Silalahi Chinthia, Maulidania Mediawati Dedi Pramana Dessi Cahyanti Detha Yurisna Detha Yurisna Devi, Rahma Dzul Asfi Warraihan Eka Pandu Cynthia Eki Saputra Eki Saputra Endah Purnamasari Esis Srikanti Fadhilah Syafria Fadil Rahmat Andini Farahdina Risky Ramadani Febi Nur Salisah Febi Nur Salisah Fiki Fikri, M. Hayatul Fitriah, Ma’idatul Fitriah, Ma’idatul Fitriani Muttakin Fitriani Muttakin Fitriani Muttakin Gathot Hanyokro Kusuma Gurning, Umairah Rizkya Hafiz Aryan Siregar Hasbi Sidiq Arfajsyah Hendri, Desvita Hilda Mutiara Nasution Husaini, Fahri Idria Maita Idria Idriani R, Nova Ikhsani, Yulia Imam Muttaqin Intan, Sofia Fulvi Ismail Marzuki Jazma, Muhammad Jazman , Muhammad Jazman, Muhammad Kusuma, Gathot Hanyokro M Afdal M Afdal M Zaky Ramadhan Z M. Afdal M. Afdal M. Afdal M. Afdal M. Afdal Maulana, Rizki Azli Megawati Megawati - Mona Fronita, Mona Muhammad Afdal Muhammad Fikry Muhammad Jazman Muhammad Jazman Muhammad Jazman Muhammad Naufal, Muhammad Muhammad Zacky Raditya Mukmin Siregar Mundzir, Mediantiwi Rahmawita Munzir, Medyantiwi Rahmawita Mustakim Mustakim Mustakim Mustakim Mustakim Mustakim Mutia, Risma Muttakin, Fitriani Nabillah, Putri Nardialis Nardialis Nasution, Nur Shabrina Naufal Fikri, R. Adlian Negara, Benny Sukma Nesdi Evrilyan Rozanda Nesdi Evrilyan Rozanda Nisa', Sayyidatun Norhavina Norhavina Nunik Noviana Kurniawati Nurainun Nurainun Nuraisyah Nuraisyah Nurfadilla, Nadia Nurkholis Nurkholis nursalisah, febi Octavia, Sania Fitri Pratama, Arya Yendri Priady, Muhamad Ilham Pristiawati, Andani Putri Puput Iswandi Putra, Moh Azlan Shah Putra, Tandra Adiyatma Rahman, Eman Rahmawita M, Medyantiwi Rangga Arief Putra Rayean, Rival Valentino Restu Ramadhan Ria Agustina Rice Novita Rice Novita Rizka Fitri Yansi Rizki Pratama Putra Agri Rozanda, Nesdi Evrilyan Sabillah, Dian Ayu Salisah, Pebi Nur Sania Fitri Octavia Sanusi Shir Li Wang Siti Monalisa Sofia Fulvi Intan Susanti, Pingki Muliya Tasya Marzuqah Tengku Khairil Ahsyar Triningsih, Elsa Tshamaroh, Muthia Uci Indah Sari Ula, Walid Alma Vicky Salsadilla Wenda, Alex Wido Purnama Winda Wahyuti Windy Amelia Putri Wira Mulia, M. Roid Yusmar Yusmar Zarnelly Zarnelly Zarnelly Zarnelly Zarnelly Zarnelly Zarnelly