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Effect of Probiotics on Respiratory Infections in Stunted Preschool Children: A Quasi-Experimental Pre-Post Study Deslina Rohmatul Luklu; Fajar Ari Nugroho; Annisa Rizky Maulidiana
Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.ijhn.2025.012.02.8

Abstract

Stunting in preschool-aged children increases susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) due to impaired immune systems and imbalances in gut microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on URTI incidence among stunted preschool-aged children and to support nutrition-based preventive strategies for reducing acute respiratory infections among vulnerable populations. This study used a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test-post-test design conducted over 120 days from August 2023 to January 2024. Fifteen stunted preschool-aged children enrolled in a kindergarten in Probolinggo City participated through total sampling. Data were collected using health status forms completed by enumerators during school days and by parents during holidays. Observations were conducted during two consecutive 60-day periods before and during probiotic supplementation. The intervention consisted of daily administration of 65 ml of a probiotic containing more than 100 million Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain bacteria per milliliter. Statistical analysis included Fisher’s Exact Test and the Wilcoxon Test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results showed a significant difference in URTI status before and during probiotic supplementation (p = 0.042) and in the duration of school absenteeism (p = 0.011). However, no significant differences were found in URTI episode frequency, episode duration, or overall illness duration. The study concludes that probiotic supplementation (65 ml) has a significant impact on reducing URTI occurrence and school absenteeism in stunted preschool children.
Nutrition Goes to School: Promoting Nutrition and Healthy Eating Awareness in School Community Muslihah, Nurul; Maulidiana, Annisa Rizky; Habibie, Intan Yusuf; Nastaina, Hayu Iyaka
Caring: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): CARING Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat (April 2026)
Publisher : Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.caringjpm.2026.006.01.5

Abstract

Children's health and cognitive development are fundamental determinants of future human capital. In Indonesia, nutritional problems such as stunting, anemia, and obesity remain prevalent, including among school-aged children. Suboptimal nutritional status may hinder physical growth, cognitive development, and academic performance. In response to these challenges, the Nutrition Goes to School: Healthy and Smart Children program was implemented to improve parents' knowledge and awareness of the importance of healthy eating and balanced nutrition in supporting children's growth and development. The program was conducted at RA Al-Jauhar, Ngijo, Karangploso, Malang Regency, targeting parents of enrolled students. The implementation consisted of internal team coordination, coordination with the school, and interactive nutrition education sessions. Educational materials were delivered through a combination of lectures, group discussions, games, and practical simulations to facilitate participants' understanding and encourage the application of healthy eating practices at home. Program effectiveness was evaluated using pre-test and post-test assessments to measure changes in participants' knowledge. The results demonstrated a significant improvement (p=0.003) in the mean knowledge score, increasing from 63.2±20.1 before the intervention to 73.2±21.6 after the intervention. This improvement indicates the program's effectiveness in enhancing participants' understanding of balanced nutrition and its practical application in daily life. Participants also actively engaged in discussions, asked questions, and shared their experiences throughout the sessions. Follow-up mentoring after the training further supported the implementation of the educational messages at home, promoting consistent healthy eating behaviors among children. Overall, the program proved to be effective and responsive to the needs of the target population. Similar initiatives could be expanded to higher educational levels to strengthen nutrition awareness and healthy dietary behaviors across different age groups.