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All Journal Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Research Jurnal Riset Farmasi Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy Borneo Journal of Pharmacy
Farendina Suarantika
Prodi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi Dan Sains, Universitas Islam Bandung, Indonesia
Chemistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Uji Cemaran Mikroba pada Sediaan Toner Tanpa Izin Edar BPOM Fatimah Ghaida Muthmainnah; Farendina Suarantika; Bertha Rusdi
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 155 - 162
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24609

Abstract

Abstract. Toners are water-based cosmetic products that are highly susceptible to microbial contamination if manufacturing, storage, and distribution processes are not adequately controlled. This study aimed to analyze microbial contamination in facial toners without BPOM marketing authorization based on Total Plate Count (TPC) and Yeast and Mold Count (YMC). A descriptive experimental study was conducted using six samples consisting of five non-BPOM-registered toners and one BPOM-authorized toner as a comparator. Samples were selected purposively according to BPOM registration status, price, customer rating, packaging condition, and online marketplace availability. TPC was determined using Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), whereas YMC was evaluated using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) by the pour plate method. The results showed that all samples had TPC and YMC values below the BPOM maximum microbial contamination limit of <10³ CFU/mL. Therefore, all toner samples complied with the microbiological quality requirements for cosmetic products based on TPC and YMC parameters. Further studies are recommended to identify preservative or solvent components that may influence the microbial contamination test results. Abstrak. Toner merupakan kosmetik berbasis air yang memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami cemaran mikroba apabila proses produksi, penyimpanan, dan distribusinya tidak memenuhi persyaratan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis cemaran mikroba pada sediaan toner tanpa izin edar BPOM berdasarkan parameter Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) dan Angka Kapang Khamir (AKK). Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif eksperimental terhadap enam sampel yang terdiri atas lima toner tanpa izin edar BPOM dan satu toner berizin edar BPOM sebagai pembanding. Sampel dipilih secara purposive berdasarkan status registrasi BPOM, harga, rating pembelian, kondisi kemasan, dan sumber pembelian melalui toko daring. Pengujian ALT dilakukan menggunakan media Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), sedangkan AKK menggunakan media Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) dengan metode pour plate. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sampel memiliki nilai ALT dan AKK di bawah batas maksimum cemaran mikroba yang ditetapkan BPOM, yaitu <10³ CFU/mL. Dengan demikian, seluruh sampel memenuhi persyaratan mutu mikrobiologi kosmetik berdasarkan parameter ALT dan AKK. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi komponen pengawet atau pelarut yang berpotensi memengaruhi hasil pengujian cemaran mikroba.
Sintesis Senyawa Tripeptida Valin-Asparagin-Prolin sebagai Kandidat Antioksidan dengan Menggunakan Metode SPPS Sabila Yufita Maharami; Nety Kurniaty; Farendina Suarantika
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 331 - 338
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.24828

Abstract

Abstract. Peptides are bioactive molecules composed of two to approximately twenty amino acid residues linked by peptide bonds. Bioactive peptides offer numerous benefits, one of which is their antioxidant activity. The combination of hydrophobic and polar amino acids, such as valine, asparagine, and proline in the Val–Asn–Pro tripeptide, is known to provide a balance between solubility and optimal free radical scavenging ability. Peptide synthesis can be performed using the SPPS (Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis) method, which produces peptides efficiently and rapidly; therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the antioxidant activity of the SPPS-synthesized Val-Asn-Pro tripeptide with that of a natural tripeptide derived from grain fermentation. The testing method involved synthesizing the tripeptide and then characterizing the synthesis product using MS and KCKT, which yielded an m/z value of 329 and a retention time of 20.078 minutes as the highest peak. Following characterization, antioxidant testing was performed using the DPPH method, yielding an IC50 value of 338 µg/ml, indicating that the antioxidant activity of the Val–Asn–Pro tripeptide is very weak, but better than that of the Val–Asn–Pro tripeptide derived from grain fermentation. Abstrak. Peptida merupakan molekul bioaktif yang tersusun dari dua hingga sekitar dua puluh residu asam amino yang dihubungkan melalui ikatan peptida. Peptida bioaktif memiliki banyak manfaat salah satunya sebagai antioksidan. Kombinasi asam amino hidrofobik dan polar, seperti valin, asparagin, dan prolin dalam tripeptida Val–Asn–Pro, diketahui memberikan keseimbangan antara kelarutan dan kemampuan penangkapan radikal bebas yang optimal. Sintesis peptida dilakukan melalui metode SPPS (Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis) yang menghasilkan peptida secara efisien dan cepat sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membandingkan aktivitas antioksidan hasil sintesis tripeptida metode SPPS Val-Asn-Pro dengan tripeptida alami hasil fermentasi biji-bijian. Metode pengujian dilakukan dengan sintesis tripeptida kemudian karakterisasi hasil sintesis menggunakan MS dan KCKT yang menghasilkan nilai m/z sebesar 329 dan waktu retensi 20,078 menit sebagai puncak tertinggi. Setelah karakterisasi, dilakukan uji antioksidan dengan metode DPPH dan didapat nilai IC50 sebesar 338 µg/ml yang menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan tripeptida Val–Asn–Pro sangat lemah, namun lebih baik dari pada tripeptida Val–Asn–Pro dari fermentasi biji-bijian.
Sintesis Senyawa Tetrapeptida YLVN sebagai Kandidat Antioksidan Reni Rahayu; Nety Kurniaty; Farendina Suarantika
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 433 - 440
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25047

Abstract

Abstract. Free radicals can induce oxidative stress that contributes to various health disorders; therefore, effective antioxidant compounds are required. The tetrapeptide Tyrosine-Leucine-Valine-Asparagine (YLVN), identified from pea protein hydrolysate, has been reported to possess antioxidant activity. This study aimed to synthesize the YLVN tetrapeptide using the Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) method and evaluate its characteristics and antioxidant activity. The synthesis was carried out using 2-chlorotritylchloride resin and HATU/HOAt coupling reagents through coupling, deprotection, capping, and cleavage steps. The obtained krud was characterized using Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) and mass spectrometry, followed by antioxidant activity evaluation using the ABTS method. RP-HPLC results showed the highest retention time of 34.158, indicating analysis revealed a protonated molecular ion peak m/z 508.36 [M+H] +, corresponding to the theoretical molecular weight of the YLVN tetrapeptide. Antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value in the 9325,479 ppm range. In conclusion, the YLVN tetrapeptide was successfully synthesized uisng the SPPS method; however, the krud was not sufficiently pure and did not exhibit optimal antioxidant activity. Abstrak. Radikal bebas dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif yang berkontribusi terhadap berbagai gangguan kesehatan sehingga diperlukan senyawa antioksidan yang efektif. Tetrapeptida Tyrosine-Leucine-Valine-Asparagine (YLVN) yang diidentifikasi dari hidrolisat protein kacang polong dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis tetrapeptida YLVN menggunakan Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (SPPS) serta mengevaluasi karakteristik dan uji aktivitas antioksidannya. Sintesis dilakukan menggunakan resin 2-klorotritilklorida dengan reagen kopling HATU/HOAt melalui tahapan kopling, deproteksi, capping, dan cleavage. Krud yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi menggunakan Reverse Phase-Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (RP-KCKT) dan spektrofotometri massa, kemudian diuji aktivitas antioksidannya menggunakan metode ABTS. Hasil RP-KCKT menunjukkan waktu retensi tertinggi sebesar 34.158 yang mengindikasikan masih terdapat produk samping dalam sampel. Analisis spektrofotometri massa menunjukkan ion molekul terprotonasi pada m/z 508,36 [M+H] + yang sesuai dengan massa molekul teoritis tetrapeptida YLVN. Pengujian aktivitas yang sangat lemah dengan nilai IC50 berada pada rentang 9325,479 ppm. Dengan demikian, tetrapeptida YLVN berhasil disintesis menggunakan metode SPPS, namun krud yang diperoleh belum murni dan belum menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang optimal. 
Kajian Sistematis Aktivitas Antioksidan Kolagen dan Turunannya dari Ikan sebagai Inhibitor Tirosinase Karisa Putri Alifa; Vinda Maharani Patricia; Farendina Suarantika
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 441 - 448
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25078

Abstract

Abstract. Fish collagen and its derivatives have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Enzymatic hydrolysis produces collagen peptides with lower molecular weight and enhanced biological activities, particularly antioxidant activity. This systematic literature review aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of fish collagen and its derivatives while identifying evidence regarding their anti-tyrosinase potential. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and scientific publisher platforms including MDPI, Frontiers, and RSC Publishing for articles published between 2018 and 2026. Eight research articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed descriptively. The findings consistently demonstrated that collagen peptides exhibited higher antioxidant activity than native collagen, as indicated by lower IC₅₀ values and greater free radical scavenging activity in DPPH and ABTS assays. Hydrolysis enhanced the exposure of bioactive amino acid residues responsible for electron donation and radical scavenging. In addition, two studies reported anti-tyrosinase activity of fish collagen peptides, indicating their potential application as natural skin-whitening agents. Overall, fish collagen peptides demonstrate promising antioxidant properties, whereas evidence regarding anti-tyrosinase activity remains limited and requires further investigation. Abstrak. Kolagen ikan dan turunannya merupakan biomaterial alami yang banyak diteliti karena potensinya sebagai bahan aktif di bidang pangan, farmasi, dan kosmetik. Proses hidrolisis enzimatik menghasilkan peptida kolagen dengan berat molekul lebih rendah sehingga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas biologis, terutama aktivitas antioksidan. Kajian sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan kolagen dan turunannya dari berbagai spesies ikan serta mengidentifikasi bukti mengenai potensi aktivitas anti-tirosinase. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan mengikuti pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 menggunakan PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, serta platform penerbit ilmiah MDPI, Frontiers, dan RSC Publishing terhadap artikel yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2018–2026. Sebanyak delapan artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa peptida kolagen memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kolagen utuh, ditandai dengan nilai IC₅₀ yang lebih rendah serta kemampuan menangkap radikal bebas yang lebih baik pada pengujian DPPH dan ABTS. Proses hidrolisis meningkatkan paparan residu asam amino bioaktif yang berperan dalam mendonorkan elektron maupun atom hidrogen untuk menetralisir radikal bebas. Selain itu, dua penelitian melaporkan aktivitas penghambatan enzim tirosinase oleh peptida kolagen ikan. Secara keseluruhan, peptida kolagen ikan menunjukkan potensi yang menjanjikan sebagai antioksidan, sedangkan bukti mengenai aktivitas anti-tirosinase masih terbatas sehingga memerlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.
Ekstraksi dan Identifikasi Enzim Bromelin Dari Buah dan Kulit Nanas Faisal Anwar; Farendina Suarantika; Taufik Muhammad Fakih
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 483 - 490
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25137

Abstract

Abstract. Bromelin is a proteolytic enzyme that is naturally found in pineapple plants. (Ananas comosusand has biological activity, one of which is as an antioxidant. The use of pineapple is still focused on the fruit part, while pineapple peel is often considered waste, even though it still has the potential to be a source of bromelain enzymes. This study aims to extract and identify bromelin enzymes from pineapple fruits and peels using the table salt precipitation (NaCl) method with concentration variations of 30%, 35%, and 40% followed by dialysis process, as well as conducting protein qualitative tests using the Lowry method. The extraction process begins with sample refinement, filtration, addition of pH 7 phosphate buffer, and protein deposition using salt, then purification through dialysis. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained at a concentration of 40% NaCl, which was 0.4799% for pineapple and 0.0784% for pineapple peel. The Lowry method protein qualitative test showed positive results with the formation of blue to greenish-blue color, which indicates the presence of protein content in bromelain extract. Thus, both the fruit and the pineapple peel have been proven to be a source of the bromelain enzyme, so pineapple peel waste has the potential to be further utilized in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology fields.   Abstrak. Bromelin adalah enzim proteolitik yang secara alami terdapat pada tanaman nanas. (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) dan memiliki aktivitas biologis, salah satunya sebagai antioksidan. Pemanfaatan nanas masih terfokus pada bagian buah, sementara kulit nanas sering dianggap sebagai limbah, padahal masih berpotensi sebagai sumber enzim bromelin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekstraksi dan mengindentifikasi enzim bromelin dari buah dan kulit nanas menggunakan metode presipitasi garam dapur (NaCl) dengan variasi konsentrasi 30%, 35%, dan 40% yang dilanjutkan dengan proses dialisis, serta melakukan uji kualitatif protein menggunakan metode Lowry. Proses ekstraksi diawali dengan penghalusan sampel, penyaringan, penambahan buffer fosfat pH 7, dan pengendapan protein menggunakan garam, kemudian dilakukan pemurnian melalui dialisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi NaCl 40%, yaitu sebesar 0,4799% untuk buah nanas dan 0,0784% untuk kulit nanas. Uji kualitatif protein metode Lowry menunjukkan hasil positif dengan terbentuknya warna biru hingga biru kehijauan, yang menandakan adanya kandungan protein dalam ekstrak bromelin. Dengan demikian, baik buah maupun kulit nanas terbukti dapat menjadi sumber enzim bromelin, sehingga limbah kulit nanas memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan lebih lanjut dalam bidang farmasi dan bioteknologi.  
Perbandingan Flavonoid Total dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Jambu Bol dan Jambu Air Nafisky Azzarti Kusuma; Bertha Rusdi; Farendina Suarantika
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 517 - 526
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25156

Abstract

Abstract. Malay apple leaves (Syzygium malaccense) and watery rose apple leaves (Syzygium aqueum) are known to contain flavonoids that have potential as natural antioxidants. Differences in the type and concentration of extraction solvents may affect the compounds extracted; therefore, a study comparing the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of both plants using 70% ethanol is needed. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the extracts, secondary metabolite contents, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and compare the two extracts. An experimental study was conducted using Malay apple and watery rose apple leaf extracts collected from Purwakarta. Extraction was performed by maceration using 70% ethanol. Data were collected through extract characterization, phytochemical screening, determination of total flavonoid content using the aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) complexation method, and antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Data were processed based on the measured total flavonoid content and IC₅₀ values. The results showed that the total flavonoid content of watery rose apple leaf extract was 72.528 ± 0.061 mgQE/g, higher than that of Malay apple leaf extract at 35.444 ± 0.120 mgQE/g. Watery rose apple leaf extract also showed stronger antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 12.512 ppm compared with 14.235 ppm for Malay apple leaf extract. Both extracts were classified as very strong antioxidants. The 70% ethanol extract of watery rose apple leaves had higher total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity than Malay apple leaf extract. Abstract. Malay apple leaves (Syzygium malaccense) and watery rose apple leaves (Syzygium aqueum) are known to contain flavonoids that have potential as natural antioxidants. Differences in the type and concentration of extraction solvents may affect the compounds extracted; therefore, a study comparing the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of both plants using 70% ethanol is needed. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the extracts, secondary metabolite contents, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and compare the two extracts. An experimental study was conducted using Malay apple and watery rose apple leaf extracts collected from Purwakarta. Extraction was performed by maceration using 70% ethanol. Data were collected through extract characterization, phytochemical screening, determination of total flavonoid content using the aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) complexation method, and antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Data were processed based on the measured total flavonoid content and IC₅₀ values. The results showed that the total flavonoid content of watery rose apple leaf extract was 72.528 ± 0.061 mgQE/g, higher than that of Malay apple leaf extract at 35.444 ± 0.120 mgQE/g. Watery rose apple leaf extract also showed stronger antioxidant activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 12.512 ppm compared with 14.235 ppm for Malay apple leaf extract. Both extracts were classified as very strong antioxidants. The 70% ethanol extract of watery rose apple leaves had higher total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity than Malay apple leaf extract. Abstrak. Daun jambu bol (Syzygium malaccense) dan daun jambu air (Syzygium aqueum) diketahui mengandung flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami. Perbedaan jenis dan konsentrasi pelarut dapat memengaruhi senyawa yang terekstraksi sehingga diperlukan penelitian untuk membandingkan kadar flavonoid total dan aktivitas antioksidan kedua tanaman menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik ekstrak, kandungan metabolit sekunder, kadar flavonoid total, aktivitas antioksidan, serta membandingkan kedua ekstrak. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental terhadap ekstrak daun jambu bol dan daun jambu air yang diperoleh dari Purwakarta. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%. Data dikumpulkan melalui karakterisasi ekstrak, skrining fitokimia, penetapan kadar flavonoid total menggunakan metode kompleksasi aluminium klorida (AlCl₃), serta pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH dengan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Data diolah berdasarkan hasil pengukuran kadar flavonoid total dan nilai IC₅₀. Hasil menunjukkan kadar flavonoid total ekstrak daun jambu air sebesar 72,528 ± 0,061 mgQE/g, lebih tinggi dibandingkan daun jambu bol sebesar 35,444 ± 0,120 mgQE/g. Aktivitas antioksidan daun jambu air juga lebih tinggi dengan nilai IC₅₀ 12,512 ppm dibandingkan daun jambu bol 14,235 ppm. Kedua ekstrak termasuk kategori antioksidan sangat kuat. Ekstrak etanol 70% daun jambu air memiliki kadar flavonoid total dan aktivitas antioksidan lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak daun jambu bol.
Studi Literatur : Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Daun Mint (Mentha piperita L.) Siti Nazwa Alysia Jingga Folananskya; Farendina Suarantika; Hanifa Rahma
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 571 - 578
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25213

Abstract

Abstract. Mentha piperita L. leaves contain various bioactive compounds, including monoterpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, which exhibit promising natural antioxidant activity. This study aimed to review the antioxidant activity of Mentha piperita L. leaves using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay through a literature review approach. Literature published between 2010 and 2025 was selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. The reviewed data included extraction methods, extraction solvents, bioactive compounds, and IC₅₀ values. The findings indicated that the antioxidant activity of M. piperita was influenced by extraction methods, solvent polarity, and bioactive compound composition. Hydrodistillation generally produced essential oils rich in monoterpenes, whereas maceration using polar solvents was more effective in extracting phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The reported IC₅₀ values ranged from 2.99 mg/mL to >800 µg/mL, indicating that extraction methods, chemical composition, and environmental factors contributed to differences in antioxidant activity. Overall, Mentha piperita L. leaves have considerable potential as a natural source of antioxidants. Abstrak. Daun mint (Mentha piperita L.) merupakan tanaman herbal yang mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif, seperti monoterpen, flavonoid, dan senyawa fenolik yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aktivitas antioksidan daun Mentha piperita L. menggunakan metode 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) melalui pendekatan literature review. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan terhadap artikel penelitian yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2010–2025 sesuai kriteria inklusi. Data yang dikaji meliputi metode ekstraksi, jenis pelarut, senyawa bioaktif, dan nilai IC₅₀. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan daun M. piperita dipengaruhi oleh metode ekstraksi, kepolaran pelarut, serta komposisi senyawa bioaktif. Hidrodistilasi umumnya menghasilkan minyak atsiri yang kaya senyawa monoterpen, sedangkan maserasi dengan pelarut polar lebih efektif mengekstraksi senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid. Nilai IC₅₀ yang dilaporkan bervariasi, yaitu berkisar antara 2,99 mg/mL hingga >800 µg/mL, yang menunjukkan adanya pengaruh metode ekstraksi, komposisi kimia, dan faktor lingkungan terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. Secara keseluruhan, daun Mentha piperita L. berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber antioksidan alami.
Validasi Metode KCKT Bahan Kimia Obat (BKO) pada Jamu Antidiabetes Syira Nasifa Ramadhiani; Farendina Suarantika; Hilda Aprilia
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 663 - 674
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25358

Abstract

Abstract. Natural medicine is an Indonesian cultural heritage that has been used for generations as an alternative treatment for various diseases. One form of natural medicine that is widely consumed by the community is herbal medicine. This study aims to identify and determine the chemical content of glibenclamide in antidiabetic herbal medicine circulating in Bogor Regency using Thin Layer Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography methods, as well as to validate the High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis method. A total of 8 antidiabetic herbal medicine samples were obtained from several herbal medicine shops in Bogor Regency. Qualitative analysis was carried out using Thin Layer Chromatography, while quantitative analysis was carried out using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results of Thin Layer Chromatography showed that sample G had Rf values of 0.44; 0.50; and 0.45 in three repetitions. The High Performance Liquid Chromatography method used has met all validation parameters, including linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and system suitability, so it is declared valid for determining glibenclamide levels. Quantitative analysis results showed glibenclamide levels in sample G of 2,046%; 2,023%; and 2,072%, with an average concentration of 2,047%. Of the eight samples analyzed, one sample was identified as containing glibenclamide. Abstrak. Obat bahan alam merupakan warisan budaya Indonesia yang telah digunakan secara turun-temurun sebagai alternatif pengobatan berbagai penyakit. Salah satu bentuk obat bahan alam yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat adalah jamu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menentukan kadar bahan kimia obat glibenklamid dalam jamu antidiabetes yang beredar di Kabupaten Bogor menggunakan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis dan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi, serta memvalidasi metode analisis Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi. Sebanyak 8 sampel jamu antidiabetes diperoleh dari beberapa toko jamu di Kabupaten Bogor. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan menggunakan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis, sedangkan analisis kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi. Hasil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis menunjukkan bahwa sampel G memiliki nilai Rf sebesar 0,44; 0,50; dan 0,45 pada tiga kali pengulangan. Metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi yang digunakan telah memenuhi seluruh parameter validasi, meliputi linearitas, akurasi, presisi, selektivitas, batas deteksi, batas kuantitasi, dan kesesuaian sistem, sehingga dinyatakan valid untuk penetapan kadar glibenklamid. Hasil analisis kuantitatif menunjukkan kadar glibenklamid pada sampel G sebesar 2,046%; 2,023%; dan 2,072%, dengan kadar rata-rata 2,047%. Dari 8 sampel yang dianalisis, 1 sampel teridentifikasi mengandung glibenklamid.
Ekstraksi dan Identifikasi Enzim Bromelin dari Bonggol dan Mahkota Nanas Luthfi Maulana Firmasnyah; Farendina Suarantika; Taufik Muhammad Fakih
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 685 - 692
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25490

Abstract

Abstract. Bromelin enzyme is a protease enzyme contained in the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) and has various benefits in the fields of food, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. Pineapple humps and crowns are agricultural waste that still has the potential to be a source of bromelin so that it can be used to increase the added value of organic waste. This study aims to extract bromelin enzymes from pineapple humps and crowns using the NaCl salt precipitation method followed by dialysis and qualitatively identify the protein content using the Lowry method. The results showed that the highest yield of hump extract was obtained at a concentration of NaCl of 35% of 0.577%, while the highest yield of crown extract was obtained at a concentration of NaCl of 30% of 0.054%. The qualitative test of the Lowry method showed positive results on the entire extract with NaCl concentrations of 30%, 35%, and 40%, which was characterized by a change in the color of the solution to blue after incubation for 30 minutes. These results confirm the presence of protein content in bromelin extract from pineapple humps and crowns. Based on the results of the study, both parts of the pineapple plant have the potential to be used as a source of bromelin enzymes and increase the added value of agricultural waste. Abstrak. Enzim bromelin merupakan enzim protease yang terkandung dalam tanaman nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) dan memiliki berbagai manfaat di bidang pangan, farmasi, dan bioteknologi. Bonggol dan mahkota nanas merupakan limbah pertanian yang masih berpotensi sebagai sumber bromelin sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah limbah organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengekstraksi enzim bromelin dari bonggol dan mahkota nanas menggunakan metode presipitasi garam NaCl yang dilanjutkan dengan dialisis serta mengidentifikasi kandungan protein secara kualitatif menggunakan metode Lowry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen tertinggi ekstrak bonggol diperoleh pada konsentrasi NaCl 35% sebesar 0,577%, sedangkan rendemen tertinggi ekstrak mahkota diperoleh pada konsentrasi NaCl 30% sebesar 0,054%. Uji kualitatif metode Lowry menunjukkan hasil positif pada seluruh ekstrak dengan konsentrasi NaCl 30%, 35%, dan 40% yang ditandai dengan perubahan warna larutan menjadi biru setelah inkubasi selama 30 menit. Hasil tersebut mengonfirmasi adanya kandungan protein pada ekstrak bromelin dari bonggol dan mahkota nanas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kedua bagian tanaman nanas berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber enzim bromelin dan meningkatkan nilai tambah limbah pertanian.
Systematic Literature Review Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) Menggunakan Metode DPPH Nasywa Tinezia Iqnita; Farendina Suarantika; Vinda Maharani Patricia
Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 869 - 876
Publisher : UNISBA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/bcsp.v6i2.25956

Abstract

Abstract. Muntingia calabura L. leaves contain various bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, and saponins, which have potential as natural antioxidants. This study aimed to review the antioxidant activity of Muntingia calabura L. leaves based on previous studies employing the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted using articles retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar published between 2016 and 2026. Based on the inclusion criteria, ten original research articles were selected and analyzed descriptively the reviewed data included extraction methods, solvent types, antioxidant activity, mechanisms of action, and the bioactive compounds responsible for antioxidant activity. The findings showed that Muntingia calabura L. leaves exhibited moderate to very strong antioxidant activity based on DPPH IC₅₀ values. Variations in antioxidant activity were influenced by extraction methods, solvent types, and the bioactive compounds extracted. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds were identified as the major contributors to antioxidant activity through their ability to donate hydrogen atoms or electrons to neutralize free radicals. These findings suggest that Muntingia calabura L. leaves have considerable potential as a natural antioxidant source for the development of herbal medicines and pharmaceutical preparations. Abstrak. Daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif, seperti flavonoid, senyawa fenolik, tanin, dan saponin yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aktivitas antioksidan daun kersen berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang menggunakan metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) melalui penelusuran artikel pada basis data PubMed dan Google Scholar,dengan rentang publikasi tahun 2016–2026. Berdasarkan kriteria inklusi, diperoleh sepuluh artikel yang dianalisis secara deskriptif data yang dikaji meliputi metode ekstraksi, jenis pelarut, aktivitas antioksidan, mekanisme kerja, dan senyawa bioaktif yang berperan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa daun kersen memiliki aktivitas antioksidan berkategori sedang hingga sangat kuat berdasarkan nilai IC₅₀ metode DPPH. Variasi aktivitas dipengaruhi oleh metode ekstraksi, jenis pelarut, serta kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang terekstraksi. Flavonoid dan senyawa fenolik merupakan komponen utama yang berperan sebagai antioksidan melalui mekanisme donor atom hidrogen atau elektron untuk menetralkan radikal bebas. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, daun kersen berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber antioksidan alami untuk mendukung pengembangan obat herbal dan sediaan farmasi.
Co-Authors Akbar, Nabila Hadiah Aldhiya Nurshafa Huwaida Arlina Prima Putri Az-zahra, Dhea Khairunnisa Bertha Rusdi Daya Fadillah Dhea Khairunnisa Az-zahra Fadil Rido Gumelar Faisal Anwar Fatimah Ghaida Muthmainnah Gumelar, Fadil Rido Hanifa Rahma Hanifa Rahma Helen Caterina Simorangkir Herna Haryani Hilda Aprilia Hilda Aprilia Hilda Aprilia Wisnuwardhani Ingka Mardiana Putri Jilan Salsabila Auliya Putri Karisa Putri Alifa Luthfi Maulana Firmasnyah M. Rifki Yusuf Alfarizi Milla Putri Rizky Rahmadilla Muhamad Adziana Ramadhan Nadhifa Auliya Saniyyah Nadhifah Mauludia Rinaldie Nafisky Azzarti Kusuma Nanda Puspita Ayu Nasywa Tinezia Iqnita Nety Kurniaty Nisa Neli Aunillah Pingky Valentina Rahmadita Sopyanti Reni Rahayu Sabila Yufita Maharami Saskia Putri Anggreyani Shafira Salsabila Azzahra Shifa Fudjayanti Siti Nazwa Alysia Jingga Folananskya Sonia alivia putri Suci Puji Lestari Syira Nasifa Ramadhiani Taufik Muhammad Fakih Thias Najminuri Vinda Maharani Patricia Wilandani Sabilla