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Journal : Science and Technology Indonesia

Nickel Salt Dependency as Catalyst in the Plating Bath on the Film Properties of Cu/Cu-Ni Rosyidan, Cahaya; Kurniawan, Budhy; Soegijono, Bambang; Maulani, Mustamina; Samura, Lisa; Nababan, Frederik Gresia; Putra, Valentinus Galih Vidia; Susetyo, Ferry Budhi
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.3.529-538

Abstract

Metal plating frequently employs nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) as anodes. Cu/ Cu-Ni film formed has many advantages, such as better corrosion resistance and high hardness characteristics. This study aims to assess the properties of Cu/Cu-Ni film, such as phase, surface morphology, crystallographic orientation, hardness, corrosion analysis, and contact angle, which were fabricated using electrodeposition with various Ni salt additions (0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 M). In addition, the cathode current efficiency (CCE) and deposition rate of the Cu/Cu-Ni electrodeposition were also investigated. An increase in Ni salt in the plating bath could enhance the pH, promoting higher CCE and depleting hydrogen evolution at the cathode, leading to the presenting Ni phase in the alloy. The higher concentration of Ni salt in the solution could also enhance the deposition rate due to a shift to a pH value, which affects the roughening of the surface morphology, promoting a higher contact angle. All crystal structures generated by Cu/Cu-Ni electrodeposition were FCC, with the preferred orientation of the (111) plane. Crystallite size and lattice strain depend on the deposition rate. Less crystallite size and lattice strain affect the film’s hardness and corrosion resistance. Moreover, the third bath had the resulting Cu-Ni layer with the best hardness and corrosion rate of around 136 HV and 0.081 mmpy.
Diamagnetic to Ferromagnetic Like Transition of Non-Stoichiometry Barium Titanate (BaTiO3-x) Prepared by Sol-gel Method Soegijono, Bambang; Susetyo, Ferry Budhi; Notonegoro, Hamdan Akbar; Raksa, Teguh Yoga
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.4.876-883

Abstract

The oxygen vacancy properties are significant, creating ferromagnetic properties of material in metal oxide systems like dilute magnetic semiconductors. An aqueous sol-gel method has been used in the present study to synthesize non-stoichiometry BaTiO3-x polycrystalline. In an attempt of examining the oxygen deficiency consequences on the magnetic properties, the gel samples were sintered (1000◦C) at various times (6, 12, 18, and 24 hours) under a vacuum environment. This study employs an X-ray diffraction apparatus in terms of characterizing segments and structures of the samples. It also investigates morphology and element distribution on the surface of the samples exploiting an Electron microscope where Energy dispersive spectroscopy is supplied. For the purpose of characterizing the magnetic properties of the samples, it applies vibrating sample magnetometers. The chemical state of the element and its corresponding bond to other elements was identified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Single-phase compounds were observed. The crystal system is tetragonal, but the crystal parameters are different. Increase sintering time leads to increase crystallite size and decrease in micro strain. Moreover, sintering in a vacuum environment results in oxygen deficiency and leads to the atomic ratio of Ba/Ti change as the sintering time increases. The Ba/Ti ratio change affects the transformation from diamagnetic to ferromagnetic-like. The elements (Ba, Ti and O) chemical state is shown and its bonding to the corresponding element along with the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy pattern of the BTX2 sample. The element of oxygen binds to Ti and Ba while Ba element exists in two chemical states.
Carbon Micron-size Content Dependency in Epoxy/Carbon Composite Coated onto SPCC Plate for Automotive Bodies Protection Anggrainy, Rani; Susetyo, Ferry Budhi; Lubi, Ahmad; Yudanto, Sigit Dwi; Rosyidan, Cahaya; Soegijono, Bambang; Ajiriyanto, Maman Kartaman; Kurniawan, Ova; Nanto, Dwi
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 4 (2024): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.4.989-998

Abstract

Conventional epoxy coating for surface metal corrosion protection reported many unsolved technical problems. Adding filler in the epoxy could enhance the promising properties of the composite coating. Our work describes in detail the synthesizing and characterizing epoxy/carbon composite coating. Epoxy was mixed with thinner high gloss (HG) and hardener and stirred using a stirrer apparatus. After blending, various carbons were added (1 wt. %, 3 wt. %, and 5 wt. %) and then appropriately stirred. The different mixture composite was coated onto the steel plate cold rolled coiled (SPCC) plate using high-volume low-pressure (HVLP) in two passes. Various characterizations were performed, including crystallographic orientation, Infra-Red (IR)-spectra, surface morphology, thickness, hydrophobicity, hardness, and corrosion using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), portable dry film coating thickness (DFT), digital camera, Vickers microhardness tester, and Potentiostat, respectively. More carbon micron-sized content led to elevate the peak intensity, surface bumpiness, and hydrophobicity. The uppermost external bumpiness and hydrophobicity values are 23.51 µm and 101◦. Hardness depends on carbon content and more carbon leads to an increase in the hardness of the composited coating. The highest average Vickers hardness value is 28.24 HV. The coating thickness influenced the corrosion rate, more coating thickness promoted lesser corrosion rate. The highest coating thickness (60.8 µm) promoted a corrosion rate of around 5.65×10−4 mmpy.
Co-Authors A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Aditia Pradipta Adnan, Septian Rahmat Akmal Johan Ali, Nora'aini Andika W. Pramono Andri Suherman Anggrainy, Rani Arief Ramadhan Arief Ramadhan Arief Sudarmaji Arief Syarifuddin Fitrianto Arief Syarifuddin Fitrianto Aritonang, Sovian Arsali Arsali Asep Yudi Hercuadi Asep Yudi Hercuadi, Asep Yudi Azwar Manaf Basori Basori Bintoro Siswayanti Budhy Kurniawan Cahaya Rosyidan Caing Caing Chandra, Johannes Daniel Edbert, Daniel Decky J. Indrani Dhimas Satria Dona Sulistia Kusuma Dwi Nanto, Dwi Dwita Suastiyanti Edie Sasito, Edie Elman Panjaitan Emil Budianto Emil Budianto Erfan Handoko Evi Ulina Margaretha Situmorang Fendy Rokhmanto Ferry Budhi Susetyo Ferry Budhi Susetyo Ferry Budhi Susetyo Ferry Budhi Susetyo Ganis Sanhaji, Ganis Gina Libria Nadjamoeddin Greida Frista Hamdan Akbar Notonegoro Hamdan Akbar Notonegoro Hamdan Akbar Notonegoro Hasanudin Gufron Fachrudin Ika Kartika Ika Kartika Isom Mudzakir, MSi. Iwan Sugiharto Iwan Sugihartono Jan Setiawan Kiky C. Sembiring Koji Yoneda Koji Yoneda, Koji Kurniawan, Ova La Ode Husein ZT La Ode Husein ZT, La Ode Lubi, Ahmad M Yudi Masduky M. Derajat Amperajaya M. Hikam M. Hikam Maman Kartaman Ajiriyanto Manawan, Maykel Maryati Maryati Maulani, Mustamina Maykel Manawan Moch Iqbal Zaelana Muttahar Mohammad Khotib Muhamad Farid Muhammad Hikam Muhammad Hikam, Muhammad Muhammad Irfan Faturrohman Muhammad Irfan Faturrohman, Muhammad Irfan Musfirah Cahaya Fajrah Nababan, Frederik Gresia Naila Mubarok Nazarudin Koto Nino Rinaldi Nofi Erni Notonegoro, Hamdan Akbar Ordas Dewanto Ordas Dewanto, Ordas Ova Kurniawan Pius Sebleku Putra, Valentinus Galih Vidia Rakhman Sarwono Raksa, Teguh Yoga Ramlan Ramlan Renanto Putra Wijaya Rizkynawan, Benridho Rizqon Priyotomo Rizqon Priyotomo, Rizqon Rokhmanto, Fendy Samura, Lisa Septian Rahmat Adnan Septian Rahmat Adnan Septian Rahmat Adnan Septian Rahmat Adnan, Septian Setia Budi Sofyan, Muhammad Azis Sovian Aritonang Sudaryanto Sudaryanto Suhariyanto Suhariyanto Suharso Suharso Suharso Suharso Sukarno Sukarno Surya Darma Sutrisno S Syamsuir, Syamsuir Tarmizi Tarmizi Taufiqur Rachman Widjaya, Robert Ronal Wisnu Purno Aji Wisnu Purno Aji, Wisnu Yosef Sarwanto Yudanto, Sigit Dwi Zainal Alim Mas'ud Zainal Alim Mas’ud Zulkarnain Jalil Zulkarnain Jalil